1、Recognized as anAmerican National Standard (ANSI)The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.3 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5997, USACopyright 2001 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.All rights reserved. Published 22 March 2001. Printed in the United Stat
2、es of America.Print: ISBN 0-7381-2490-7 SH94854PDF: ISBN 0-7381-2491-5 SS94854No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without the prior written per-mission of the publisher.IEEE Std 286-2000(R20)(Revision of IEEE Std 286-1975)IEEE Re
3、commended Practice for Measurement of Power Factor Tip-Upof Electric Machinery Stator CoilInsulationSponsorElectric Machinery Committeeof theIEEE Power Engineering SocietyReaffirmed 23 October 2014Approved 30 October 2000American National Standards InstituteReaffirmed HFHPEHU 20Approved 6 March 2000
4、IEEE-SA Standards BoardAbstract: The power factor tip-up testing of stator coils and bars for use in large electric is covered in thisrecommended practice. Keywords: cell capacitance, electric generators, power factor, stator bar, stator winding, tan deltaIEEE Standardsdocuments are developed within
5、 the IEEE Societies and the Standards CoordinatingCommittees of the IEEE Standards Association (IEEE-SA) Standards Board. Members of the committeesserve voluntarily and without compensation. They are not necessarily members of the Institute. The stan-dards developed within IEEE represent a consensus
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15、s, MA 01923 USA; (978) 750-8400. Permission to photo-copy portions of any individual standard for educational classroom use can also be obtained through theCopyright Clearance Center.Note: Attention is called to the possibility that implementation of this standard mayrequire use of subject matter co
16、vered by patent rights. By publication of this standard,no position is taken with respect to the existence or validity of any patent rights inconnection therewith. The IEEE shall not be responsible for identifying patents forwhich a license may be required by an IEEE standard or for conducting inqui
17、ries intothe legal validity or scope of those patents that are brought to its attention.Copyright 2001 IEEE. All rights reserved.iiiIntroduction(This introduction is not part of IEEE Std 286-2000, IEEE Recommended Practice for Measurement of Power FactorTip-Up of Electric Machinery Stator Coil Insul
18、ation.)This power factor tip-up test for stator coils has been used by electric machinery manufacturers and userssince the original standard was issued in 1968. The original versions discussed minimally the theory ofmeasurements. In this updated version, additional theory of the measurement and addi
19、tional procedures aregiven for individual stator coils and bars and completely assembled windings.This recommended practice was prepared by the Materials Subcommittee of the Electric Machinery Com-mittee, which had the following membership:F. Tim Emery,ChairGary A. Heuston,Vice-ChairThe following me
20、mbers of the balloting committee voted on this standard:When the IEEE-SA Standards Board approved this standard on 30 March 2000, it had the followingmembership:Donald N. Heirman,ChairJames T. Carlo,Vice ChairJudith Gorman,Secretary*Member EmeritusRay BartnikasSudakar CherukupalliRobert E. DraperJam
21、es J. GrantGao GuanzhongAl IversonChaman L. KaulWilliam M. McDermidG. Harold MillerGlenn MottersheadBeant S. NindraRobert H. RehderHoward G. SeddingDavid TrainVicki WarrenRichard F. WeddletonVaino AarePaul L. DandenoJames H. DymondJames S. EdmondsJorge Fernandez-DaherNirmal K. GhaiBrian E. B. GottTh
22、omas J. HammonsRichard A. HuberInnocent KamwaJames L. KirtleyStephen B. KuznetsovStefan LanzThomas A. LipoWilliam R. McCownDonald G. McLarenJ.R. MichalecNils E. NilssonJames A. OliverManoj R. ShahPatrick SmithJan SteinKen StenroosPaul Dieter WagnerSatish K. AggarwalMark D. BowmanGary R. EngmannHarol
23、d E. EpsteinH. Landis FloydJay Forster*Howard M. FrazierRuben D. GarzonJames H. GurneyRichard J. HollemanLowell G. JohnsonRobert J. KennellyJoseph L. Koepfinger*Peter H. LipsL. Bruce McClungDaleep C. MohlaJames W. MooreRobert F. MunznerRonald C. PetersenGerald H. PetersonJohn B. PoseyGary S. Robinso
24、nAkio TojoDonald W. ZipseivCopyright 2001 IEEE. All rights reserved.Also included is the following nonvoting IEEE-SA Standards Board liaison:Alan Cookson, NIST RepresentativeDonald R. Volzka, TAB RepresentativeAndrew D. IckowiczIEEE Standards Project EditorCopyright 2001 IEEE. All rights reserved.vC
25、ontents1. Overview 11.1 Scope 11.2 Purpose. 12. References 13. Definitions 24. Theory of measurements 85. Applications . 106. Interpretation 107. Test parameters 118. Coil or bar screening and stress control coating 138.1 Guarding techniques 139. Testing of individual coils . 169.1 Required equipmen
26、t. 189.2 Test procedure for individual coils 1810. Testing complete windings 2110.1 Required equipment 2210.2 Test voltage 2210.3 Power factor tip-up 2310.4 Test procedure 2310.5 Analysis 2811. Bibliography 29Copyright 2001 IEEE. All rights reserved.1IEEE Recommend Practice for Measurement of Power
27、Factor Tip-Up of Electric Machinery Stator Coil Insulation1. Overview1.1 ScopeThis recommended practice applies to stator coils or bars (half coils) of electric machinery operating at anyvoltage level. It usually applies to machines with a voltage rating of 6 kV and higher. Individual stator coilsou
28、tside a core (uninstalled), individual stator coils installed in a core, and completely wound stators arecovered in this recommended practice.The tests apply to all coil insulation systems: pre-impregnated coils, post impregnated coils (globalimpregnation), and fully-loaded (resin-rich) taped coils.
29、 This recommended practice is not applicable tonon-impregnated individual coils.The coil insulation under test is the major groundwall insulation that is external to the conductor structure.Only that part of the strand and turn insulation that is dielectrically in series with the groundwall insulati
30、onenters into the measurements. When testing individual coils and utilizing guard electrodes, only that part ofthe groundwall insulation under the low voltage electrode (outer electrode) enters into the measurement.1.2 PurposeThe purpose of this recommended practice is to describe the power factor a
31、nd the power factor tip-up of thecoil insulation and to specify test procedures for their measurements.2. ReferencesThe following publications shall be used in conjunction with this standard. When the following standards aresuperseded by an approved revision, the revision shall apply.IEEEStd 286-200
32、0 IEEE RECOMMENDED PRACTICE FOR MEASUREMENT OF POWER FACTOR2Copyright 2001 IEEE. All rights reserved.ASTM D150-98, Standard Test Methods for AC Loss Characteristics and Permittivity (Dielectric Constant)of Solid Electrical Insulation.1ASTM D1868-93 (1998), Standard Test Method for Detection and Meas
33、urement of Partial Discharge(Corona) Pulses in Evaluation of Insulation Systems.IEEE 100, The Authoritative Dictionary of IEEE Standards Terms, Seventh Edition.IEEE Std 4-1995, IEEE Standard Techniques for High-Voltage Testing (ANSI).2IEEE Std 43-2000, IEEE Recommended Practice for Testing Insulatio
34、n Resistance of Rotating Machinery.IEEE Std 62-1995, IEEE Guide for Diagnostic Field Testing of Electric Power ApparatusPart 1: Oil-FilledPower Transformers, Regulators, and Reactors.IEC/TR 60894 (1987-03), Guide for Test Procedure for the Measurement of Loss Tangent of Coils and Barsfor Machine Win
35、dings.33. DefinitionsFor the purposes of this recommended practice, the following terms and definitions apply. IEEE 1004shouldbe referenced for terms not defined in this clause.The electrical equivalent circuit for an insulation system with a dielectric loss can be represented by either aparallel or
36、 a series arrangement of passive components. Both representations are given in Figure 1 andFigure 2. The insulation is represented by a lossless capacitor, and a resistor represents the dielectric loss.To maintain consistency throughout this standard, the terms power factorand power factor tip-upare
37、 used.This is done with the understanding these terms may be used interchangeably with the terms dissipationfactorand delta tangent delta, respectively. The specific definitions for these terms are given later in thissection.Comparison of the power factor and dissipation factor for phase angles and
38、complementary loss angles isgiven in Table 1.As is shown in this table, the two measurements are very nearly the same for a specimen with a power factoror dissipation factor of 0.1000 or less. The following equations show how power factor and dissipation factorcan be converted into one another:1ASTM
39、 publications are available from the American Society for Testing and Materials, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959, USA (http:/www.astm.org/). 2IEEE publications are available from the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 445 Hoes Lane, P.O. Box 1331, Piscataway,NJ
40、 08855-1331, USA (http:/www.standards.ieee.org/).3IEC publications are available from the Sales Department of the International Electrotechnical Commission, Case Postale 131, 3, ruede Varemb, CH-1211, Genve 20, Switzerland/Suisse (http:/www.iec.ch/). IEC publications are also available in the United
41、 Statesfrom the Sales Department, American National Standards Institute, 11 West 42nd Street, 13th Floor, New York, NY 10036, USA.4Information on references can be found in Clause 2.PFDF1 DF2+-=DFPF1 PF2-=IEEETIP-UP OF ELECTRIC MACHINERY STATOR COIL INSULATION Std 286-2000Copyright 2001 IEEE. All ri
42、ghts reserved.3Figure 1Parallel circuit and vector diagramCPis parallel capacitanceG is equivalent ac conductanceRPis equivalent ac parallel resistorXPis parallel reactance is 2f (for a sinusoidal wave) is phase angle loss angleCSis parallel capacitanceRSis equivalent ac conductanceXSis equivalent a
43、c parallel resistor is 2f (for a sinusoidal wave) is phase angle loss angleFigure 2Series circuit and vector diagramIEEEStd 286-2000 IEEE RECOMMENDED PRACTICE FOR MEASUREMENT OF POWER FACTOR4Copyright 2001 IEEE. All rights reserved.3.1 capacitance:That property of a system of conductors and dielectr
44、ics that permits the storage of electri-cally separated charges when potential differences exist between the conductors.Capacitance, C, is the ratio of a quantity, q, of electrical charge stored in a capacitor to the potentialdifference, V.The SI unit of capacitance is the farad, which is equal to o
45、ne coulomb per volt.3.2 complex relative permittivity, complex relative capacitivity (r*):If a dielectric medium is lossy, therelative permittivity under sinusoidal excitation can be represented by a complex number:whereYis admittance of a given configuration of electrodes with the dielectric materi
46、alC0is admittance with the electrodes in vacuumIn general, the complex relative permittivity will depend upon the frequency of excitation.3.3 corona:Visual luminous discharge caused by ionization of the air surrounding a conductor with or with-out insulation caused by a voltage gradient exceeding a
47、certain critical value.3.4 delta tan delta (tan ):Increment in the dielectric dissipation factor, tan , of the insulation measuredat two designated voltages (see Figure 3).Table 1Comparison of power factor and dissipation factorPower factor,cos Phase angle, degreeComplementary loss angle, degreeDiss
48、ipation factor,tan Difference0.000000 90.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0 part in 1060.005000 89.713520 0.286480 0.005000 1 part in 1060.010000 89.427033 0.572967 0.010000 1 part in 1060.020000 88.854008 1.145992 0.0200044 parts in 1060.050000 87.134016 2.865984 0.05006363 parts in 1060.100000 84.260830 5
49、.739170 0.100504504 parts in 1061.000000 0.000000 90.000000 infinityCqV-=rr jrYjC0-=IEEETIP-UP OF ELECTRIC MACHINERY STATOR COIL INSULATION Std 286-2000Copyright 2001 IEEE. All rights reserved.5Figure 3Power factor x UnkVIEEEStd 286-2000 IEEE RECOMMENDED PRACTICE FOR MEASUREMENT OF POWER FACTOR6Copyright 2001 IEEE. All rights reserved.3.5 dielectric dissipation factor (tan ) (DF):Tangent of the dielectric loss angle, , or the cotangent of thedielec
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