1、 IEEE Standard Requirements for Liquid-Immersed Power Transformers Sponsored by the Transformers Committee IEEE 3 Park Avenue New York, NY 10016-5997 USA 6 January 2011 IEEE Power +1 978 750 8400. Permission to photocopy portions of any individual standard for educational classroom use can also be o
2、btained through the Copyright Clearance Center. iv Copyright 2011 IEEE. All rights reserved. Introduction This introduction is not part of IEEE Std C57.12.10-2010, IEEE Standard Requirements for Liquid-Immersed Power Transformers. This standard was prepared by the Revision of C57.12.10 Working Group
3、 of the Power Transformers Subcommittee of the Transformers Committee of the IEEE Power and Energy Society. The purpose of this standard is to cover the dimensional, electrical, and mechanical characteristics for liquid-immersed power transformers and autotransformers. This standard is a revision of
4、 ANSI C57.12.10-1997, American National Standard for Transformers230 kV and Below 833/958 through 8333/10 417 kVA, Single-Phase, and 750/862 through 60 000/80 000/100 000 kVA, Three-Phase Without Load Tap Changing; and 3750/4687 through 60 000/80 000/100 000 kVA with Load Tap ChangingSafety Requirem
5、ents. The focus of this revision was to expand the scope of the standard and to include the requirements for power transformers and autotransformers with high voltage up to 765 kV and with no limit on the megavoltampere rating. This revised standard includes the following significant changes: The ti
6、tle was changed. The scope was expanded to include autotransformers, increase the upper voltage limit to 765 kV, and remove the maximum megavoltampere limit. Distribution substation transformers, as defined in IEEE Std C57.12.36B1,awere excluded from this standard. Most of the clauses were revised,
7、rewritten, or rearranged. Significant changes were made in the load tap changer (LTC) section. Additional requirements for transformer paralleling operation were added. An informative annex on LTC considerations was added. This standard is a voluntary consensus standard. Its use may become mandatory
8、 only when required by a duly constituted legal authority or when specified in a contractual relationship. To meet specialized needs and to allow innovation, specific changes are permissible when mutually determined by the user and the producer, provided that such changes do not violate existing law
9、s and are considered technically adequate for the function intended. When this standard is used on a mandatory basis, the words shall and must indicate mandatory requirements; the words should or may refer to matters that are recommended or permissive, but not mandatory. aThe numbers in brackets cor
10、respond to the numbers in the bibliography in Annex B. v Copyright 2011 IEEE. All rights reserved. Notice to users Laws and regulations Users of these documents should consult all applicable laws and regulations. Compliance with the provisions of this standard does not imply compliance to any applic
11、able regulatory requirements. Implementers of the standard are responsible for observing or referring to the applicable regulatory requirements. IEEE does not, by the publication of its standards, intend to urge action that is not in compliance with applicable laws, and these documents may not be co
12、nstrued as doing so. Copyrights This document is copyrighted by the IEEE. It is made available for a wide variety of both public and private uses. These include both use, by reference, in laws and regulations, and use in private self-regulation, standardization, and the promotion of engineering prac
13、tices and methods. By making this document available for use and adoption by public authorities and private users, the IEEE does not waive any rights in copyright to this document. Updating of IEEE documents Users of IEEE standards should be aware that these documents may be superseded at any time b
14、y the issuance of new editions or may be amended from time to time through the issuance of amendments, corrigenda, or errata. An official IEEE document at any point in time consists of the current edition of the document together with any amendments, corrigenda, or errata then in effect. In order to
15、 determine whether a given document is the current edition and whether it has been amended through the issuance of amendments, corrigenda, or errata, visit the IEEE Standards Association web site at http:/ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/standards.jsp, or contact the IEEE at the address listed previously. Fo
16、r more information about the IEEE Standards Association or the IEEE standards development process, visit the IEEE-SA web site at http:/standards.ieee.org. Errata Errata, if any, for this and all other standards can be accessed at the following URL: http:/standards.ieee.org/reading/ieee/updates/errat
17、a/index.html. Users are encouraged to check this URL for errata periodically. Interpretations Current interpretations can be accessed at the following URL: http:/standards.ieee.org/reading/ieee/interp/ index.html. Patents Attention is called to the possibility that implementation of this standard ma
18、y require use of subject matter covered by patent rights. By publication of this standard, no position is taken with respect to the existence vi Copyright 2011 IEEE. All rights reserved. or validity of any patent rights in connection therewith. The IEEE is not responsible for identifying Essential P
19、atent Claims for which a license may be required, for conducting inquiries into the legal validity or scope of Patents Claims or determining whether any licensing terms or conditions provided in connection with submission of a Letter of Assurance, if any, or in any licensing agreements are reasonabl
20、e or nondiscriminatory. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, is entirely their own responsibility. Further information may be obtained from the IEEE Standards Association. Participants At th
21、e time this standard was submitted to the IEEE-SA Standards Board for approval, the Revision of C57.12.10 Working Group had the following membership: Gary Hoffman, Chair Saurabh Ghosh, Vice Chair James Graham, Secretary Don Anderegg Javier Arteaga Donald Ayers Peter Balma Stephen Beckman Thomas Beck
22、with Enrique Bentacourt Wallace Binder Carlos Bittner Donald Cherry Craig Colopy Frank Damico Ronald Daubert Beth Dumas Eduardo Garcia Charles Garner Everett Hager Jr. James Harlow David Harris Roger Hayes Martin Heathcoate Rowland James Jr. Marion Jaroszewski Erwin Jauch Sheldon Kennedy Stanley Kos
23、tyal Michael Lau Gilbert Lemos Thomas Lundquist Dennis Marlow John Mathiews Vinay Mehrotra Van Nhi Nguyen Ray Nicholas Gylfi Olafsson Tony Pink Donald Platts Paulette Powell Thomas Prevost Scott Reed John Rossetti Steven Schapell Stephen Schroeder Devki Sharma Thomas Spitzer Craig Stiegemeier Raman
24、Surbramanian Robert Tillman Jane Ann Verner Richard von Gemmingen Peter Zhao The following members of the individual balloting committee voted on this standard. Balloters may have voted for approval, disapproval, or abstention. William J. Ackerman Michael Adams S. Aggarwal Samuel Aguirre Steven Alex
25、anderson Stephen Antosz I. Antweiler Stan Arnot Donald Ayers Peter Balma Paul Barnhart William Bartley Barry Beaster Thomas Beckwith W. J. Bill Bergman Steven Bezner Wallace Binder Thomas Bishop Thomas Blackburn William Bloethe W. Boettger Paul Boman Harvey Bowles Steven Brockschink Kent Brown Steve
26、n Brown Carl Bush Donald Cash Yunxiang Chen Bill Chiu Tommy Cooper Jerry Corkran William Darovny Dieter Dohnal Gary Donner Donald Dunn Fred Elliott Gary Engmann Joseph Foldi George Forrest Bruce Forsyth Marcel Fortin Eduardo Garcia James Gardner Saurabh Ghosh Jalal Gohari Eduardo Gomez-Hennig James
27、Graham William Griesacker Randall Groves Bal Gupta Ajit Gwal J. Harlow David Harris vii Copyright 2011 IEEE. All rights reserved. Robert Hartgrove Roger Hayes William Henning Steven Hensley Gary Heuston Gary Hoffman R. Jackson Erwin Jauch James Jones Stephen Jordan Lars Juhlin C. Kalra Gael Kennedy
28、Sheldon Kennedy Tanuj Khandelwal Ethan Kim J. Koepfinger Neil Kranich Jim Kulchisky Saumen Kundu John Lackey Chung-Yiu Lam Thomas la Rose Thomas Lundquist Richard Marek J. Dennis Marlow John W. Matthews Lee Matthews Phillip McClure Susan McNelly Joseph Melanson Gary Michel Daleep Mohla Kimberly Mosl
29、ey Jerry Murphy Raymond Nicholas Joe Nims T. Olsen Bansi Patel Shawn Patterson J. Patton Brian Penny Howard Penrose Paul Pillitteri Donald Platts Alvaro Portillo Gustav Preininger Iulian Profir Jeffrey Ray Jean-Christophe Riboud Michael Roberts Charles Rogers John Rossetti Marnie Roussell Thomas Roz
30、ek Dinesh Sankarakurup Bartien Sayogo Lubomir Sevov Devki Sharma Gil Shultz Hyeong Sim James Smith Jerry Smith Steve Snyder Sanjib Som Brian Sparling Allan St. Peter David Tepen S. Thamilarasan T. Traub Joseph Tumidajski Joe Uchiyama John Vergis Jane Verner Loren Wagenaar David Wallach Barry Ward Ke
31、nneth White James Wilson Murty V. V. YallaWhen the IEEE-SA Standards Board approved this standard on 30 September 2010, it had the following membership: Robert M. Grow, Chair Richard H. Hulett, Vice Chair Steve M. Mills, Past Chair Judith Gorman, Secretary Karen Bartleson Victor Berman Ted Burse Cli
32、nt Chaplin Andy Drozd Alexander Gelman Jim Hughes Young Kyun Kim Joseph L. Koepfinger* John Kulick David J. Law Hung Ling Oleg Logvinov Ted Olsen Ronald C. Petersen Thomas Prevost Jon Walter Rosdahl Sam Sciacca Mike Seavey Curtis Siller Don Wright *Member Emeritus Also included are the following non
33、voting IEEE-SA Standards Board liaisons: Satish Aggarwal, NRC Representative Richard DeBlasio, DOE Representative Michael Janezic, NIST Representative Lisa Perry IEEE Standards Program Manager, Document Development Matthew J. Ceglia IEEE Standards Program Manager, Technical Program Development viii
34、Copyright 2011 IEEE. All rights reserved. Contents 1. Overview 1 1.1 Scope . 1 1.2 Mandatory requirements 2 2. Normative references 2 3. Definitions 3 4. Rating data 3 4.1 Usual service conditions 3 4.2 Kilovoltampere ratings 3 4.3 Voltage ratings . 5 4.4 Insulation levels . 5 4.5 Taps . 5 4.6 Imped
35、ance voltage . 6 4.7 Top-liquid temperature-range limits 7 4.8 Routine tests 7 5. Construction . 7 5.1 Accessories 7 5.2 Bushings 13 5.3 Lifting, moving, and jacking facilities . 15 5.4 Nameplate 17 5.5 Ground pads . 18 5.6 Polarity, angular displacement, and terminal markings . 18 5.7 Liquid preser
36、vation system 19 5.8 Tanks . 21 5.9 Auxiliary cooling equipment . 22 5.10 Power supply for transformer auxiliary equipment and controls . 23 5.11 Terminal board 24 5.12 Junction boxes . 24 5.13 Disconnecting switches with interlocks and terminal chambers 24 5.14 Throat connection 25 5.15 Current tra
37、nsformers 25 5.16 Surge arresters . 26 5.17 Other insulating liquid . 26 5.18 Loading 26 5.19 “Other” tests 27 6. LTC equipment basic construction features 27 6.1 Load tap changer (LTC) 27 6.2 Tap selector switch 27 6.3 Motor and drive mechanism 28 6.4 Position indicator . 28 6.5 Control equipment a
38、nd accessories 29 Annex A (informative) LTC considerations . 36 A.1 Constant and variable flux LTC applications . 36 A.2 Transformer paralleling 38 A.3 Control of the high-voltage voltage or the low-voltage voltage . 41 Annex B (informative) Bibliography 48 1 Copyright 2011 IEEE. All rights reserved
39、. IEEE Standard Requirements for Liquid-Immersed Power Transformers IMPORTANT NOTICE: This standard is not intended to ensure safety, security, health, or environmental protection. Implementers of the standard are responsible for determining appropriate safety, security, environmental, and health pr
40、actices or regulatory requirements. This IEEE document is made available for use subject to important notices and legal disclaimers. These notices and disclaimers appear in all publications containing this document and may be found under the heading “Important Notice” or “Important Notices and Discl
41、aimers Concerning IEEE Documents.” They can also be obtained on request from IEEE or viewed at http:/standards.ieee.org/IPR/disclaimers.html. 1. Overview 1.1 Scope This voluntary consensus standard sets forth the requirements for power transformer application. This standard is intended to be used as
42、 a basis for performance, interchangeability, and safety of the equipment covered and to assist in the proper selection of such equipment. This document is a product standard that covers certain electrical, dimensional, and mechanical characteristics of 50 Hz and 60 Hz, liquid-immersed power transfo
43、rmers and autotransformers. Such power transformers may be remotely or integrally associated with either primary switchgear or substations, or both, for step-down or step-up purposes and base rated as follows: 833 kVA and above single-phase, 750 kVA and above three-phase. This standard applies to al
44、l liquid-immersed power transformers and autotransformers that do not belong to the following types of apparatus: a) Instrument transformers b) Step voltage and induction voltage regulators c) Arc-furnace transformers d) Rectifier transformers e) Specialty transformers IEEE Std C57.12.10-2010 IEEE S
45、tandard Requirements for Liquid-Immersed Power Transformers 2 Copyright 2011 IEEE. All rights reserved. f) Grounding transformers g) Mobile transformers h) Mine transformers 1.2 Mandatory requirements When this standard is used on a mandatory basis, the words shall and must indicate mandatory requir
46、ements, and the words should and may refer to matters that are recommended and permitted, respectively, but not mandatory. NOTEThe introduction of this standard describes the circumstances under which the document may be used on a mandatory basis.12. Normative references The following referenced doc
47、uments are indispensable for the application of this document (i.e., they must be understood and used; therefore, each referenced document is cited in text and its relationship to this document is explained). For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated referenced, the latest ed
48、ition of the referenced document (including any amendments or corrigenda) applies. ANSI C84.1, American National Standard for Electric Power Systems and EquipmentVoltage Ratings (60 Hertz).2ASME B1.1, American National Standard for Unified Inch Screw Threads (UN and UNR Thread Form).3ASME B1.20.1, A
49、merican National Standard for Pipe Threads, General Purpose, Inch. IEC 60038:2009, IEC standard voltages, ed7.0.4IEEE Std C37.90.1, IEEE Standard for Surge Withstand Capability (SWC) Tests for Relays and Relay Systems Associated with Electric Power Apparatus.5, 6IEEE Std C57.12.00, IEEE Standard General Requirements for Liquid-Immersed Distribution, Power and Regulating Transformers. IEEE Std C57.12.70, IEEE Standard Terminal Markings and Connections for Distribution and Power Transformers. IEEE Std C57.12.80, IEEE Standard Terminology for Power and
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