1、 IEEE Standard for Requirements, Terminology, and Test Code for Dry-Type Air-Core Series-Connected Reactors Sponsored by the Transformers Committee IEEE 3 Park Avenue New York, NY 10016-5997 USA 2 February 2012 IEEE Power +1 978 750 8400. Permission to photocopy portions of any individual standard f
2、or educational classroom use can also be obtained through the Copyright Clearance Center. Copyright 2012 IEEE. All rights reserved. iv Introduction This introduction is not part of IEEE Std C57.16-2011, IEEE Standard for Requirements, Terminology, and Test Code for Dry-Type Air-Core Series-Connected
3、 Reactors. The work to revise IEEE Std C57.16-1996, IEEE Standard Requirements, Terminology, and Test Code for Dry-Type Air-Core Series-Connected Reactors, was carried out by the Dry-Type Reactor Working Group, reporting to the Dry-Type Transformers Subcommittee of the IEEE Transformers Committee. S
4、everal important objectives for the revision led to the current document: a) Test code has been updated to reflect current test equipment technology and current application considerations. b) An informative annex has been added to provide guidance and background information on the impact of reactors
5、 on the transient recovery voltages (TRV) seen by circuit breakers. In simple terms, one of the purposes of using a current-limiting reactor is to protect the circuit breaker from fault current beyond its short-circuit rating; however, in applying the current-limiting reactor, the TRV capability of
6、the circuit breaker might be exceeded. One of the most common forms of mitigation is to use capacitors. These capacitors are very often in the scope of supply of the reactor manufacturer. This is the primary rationale for including Annex F in this standard. On a secondary basis, the material in the
7、annex is included only to provide guidance and to “caution” and is not meant to “supersede” information in the referenced switchgear standards. In fact, another purpose of the annex is to direct readers to the appropriate switchgear documents. Notice to users Laws and regulations Users of these docu
8、ments should consult all applicable laws and regulations. Compliance with the provisions of this standard does not imply compliance to any applicable regulatory requirements. Implementers of the standard are responsible for observing or referring to the applicable regulatory requirements. IEEE does
9、not, by the publication of its standards, intend to urge action that is not in compliance with applicable laws, and these documents may not be construed as doing so. Copyrights This document is copyrighted by the IEEE. It is made available for a wide variety of both public and private uses. These in
10、clude both use, by reference, in laws and regulations, and use in private self-regulation, standardization, and the promotion of engineering practices and methods. By making this document available for use and adoption by public authorities and private users, the IEEE does not waive any rights in co
11、pyright to this document. Updating of IEEE documents Users of IEEE Standards documents should be aware that these documents may be superseded at any time by the issuance of new editions or may be amended from time to time through the issuance of amendments, corrigenda, or errata. An official IEEE do
12、cument at any point in time consists of the current edition of the document together with any amendments, corrigenda, or errata then in effect. In order to determine whether a given document is the current edition and whether it has been amended through the issuance of amendments, corrigenda, or err
13、ata, visit the IEEE-SA website or contact the IEEE at the address listed Copyright 2012 IEEE. All rights reserved. vpreviously. For more information about the IEEE Standards Association or the IEEE standards development process, visit the IEEE-SA website. Errata Errata, if any, for this and all othe
14、r standards can be accessed at the following URL: http:/standards.ieee.org/findstds/errata/index.html. Users are encouraged to check this URL for errata periodically. Interpretations Current interpretations can be accessed at the following URL: http:/standards.ieee.org/findstds/interps/index.html. P
15、atents Attention is called to the possibility that implementation of this standard may require use of subject matter covered by patent rights. By publication of this standard, no position is taken by the IEEE with respect to the existence or validity of any patent rights in connection therewith. If
16、a patent holder or patent applicant has filed a statement of assurance via an Accepted Letter of Assurance, then the statement is listed on the IEEE-SA website http:/standards.ieee.org/about/sasb/patcom/patents.html. Letters of Assurance may indicate whether the Submitter is willing or unwilling to
17、grant licenses under patent rights without compensation or under reasonable rates, with reasonable terms and conditions that are demonstrably free of any unfair discrimination to applicants desiring to obtain such licenses. Essential Patent Claims may exist for which a Letter of Assurance has not be
18、en received. The IEEE is not responsible for identifying Essential Patent Claims for which a license may be required, for conducting inquiries into the legal validity or scope of Patents Claims, or for determining whether any licensing terms or conditions provided in connection with submission of a
19、Letter of Assurance, if any, or in any licensing agreements are reasonable or nondiscriminatory. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, is entirely their own responsibility. Further informatio
20、n may be obtained from the IEEE Standards Association. Copyright 2012 IEEE. All rights reserved. viParticipants At the time this standard was submitted to the IEEE-SA Standards Board for approval, the Dry-Type Reactor Working Group had the following membership: Richard F. Dudley, Chair Sten Andersso
21、n V. Jack Aromin Peter M. Balma Gene Blackburn Fred Elliott J. Alan C. Forrest Derek Foster Xiangfu Guo Charles Johnson Lars-Erik Juhlin Sheldon F. Kennedy Klaus Papp Christoph Ploetner Klaus Pointner Greg S. Polovick Paulette A. Payne Powell Lewis Powell Ulf Radbrandt Les Recksiedler Pierre Riffon
22、Devki Sharma Michael R. Sharp Tony Weekes Gene Wolf Peter ZhaoThe following members of the individual balloting committee voted on this standard. Balloters may have voted for approval, disapproval, or abstention. William J. Ackerman Roy Alexander Carlo Arpino Peter M. Balma Robert Barnett George Bec
23、ker Steven Bezner Wallace Binder Michael Bio Gene Blackburn Jeffrey Britton Gustavo Brunello Carl Bush Arvind K. Chaudhary Bill Chiu Robert Christman Stephen Conrad Jerry Corkran Gary Donner Denis Dufournet Edgar Dullni Gearold O. H. Eidhin Gary Engmann Rabiz Foda Joseph Foldi Marcel Fortin Derek Fo
24、ster Fredric Friend David Gilmer Mietek Glinkowski James Graham Randall Groves Bal Gupta Peter Heinzig Gary Heuston Timothy Holdway Philip Hopkinson John Houdek Jingxuan Hu R. Jackson Charles Johnson Wayne Johnson Andrew Jones Lars-Erik Juhlin Gael Kennedy Sheldon F. Kennedy Yuri Khersonsky Jospeh L
25、. Koepfinger Jim Kulchisky Saumen Kundu John Lackey Chung-Yiu Lam Stephen Lambert Aleksandr Levin Hua Liu Albert Livshitz Thomas Lundquist Greg Luri J. Dennis Marlow John W. Matthews Jerry Murphy Jeffrey Nelson Michael S. Newman Charles Ngethe Joe Nims T. Olsen Lorraine Padden Klaus Papp Bansi Patel
26、 Brian Penny Alvaro Portillo Lewis Powell Iulian Profir Jean-Christophe Riboud Johannes Rickmann Pierre Riffon Charles Rogers Marnie Roussell Thomas Rozek Bartien Sayogo Devki Sharma Michael R. Sharp Gil Shultz James Smith Jerry Smith John Spare David Stankes Gary Stoedter John Vergis Jane Verner Ke
27、nneth White Jian Yu Waldemar ZiomekCopyright 2012 IEEE. All rights reserved. viiWhen the IEEE-SA Standards Board approved this standard on 31 October 2011, it had the following membership: Richard H. Hulett, Chair John Kulick, Vice Chair Robert M. Grow, Past President Judith Gorman, Secretary Masayu
28、ki Ariyoshi William Bartley Ted Burse Clint Chaplin Wael Diab Jean-Philippe Faure Alexander Gelman Paul Houz Jim Hughes Joseph L. Koepfinger* David J. Law Thomas Lee Hung Ling Oleg Logvinov Ted Olsen Gary Robinson Jon Walter Rosdahl Sam Sciacca Mike Seavey Curtis Siller Phil Winston Howard Wolfman D
29、on Wright *Member Emeritus Also included are the following nonvoting IEEE-SA Standards Board liaisons: Satish K. Aggarwal, NRC Representative Richard DeBlasio, DOE Representative Michael Janezic, NIST Representative Catherine Berger IEEE Standards Program Manager, Document Development Erin Spiewak I
30、EEE Standards Program Manager, Technical Program Development Copyright 2012 IEEE. All rights reserved. viii Contents 1. Overview 1 1.1 Scope . 1 1.2 Purpose 2 2. Normative references 2 3. Definitions 3 3.1 Types of dry-type air-core series reactors 3 3.2 Series reactor applications . 3 3.3 Rating 4
31、3.4 Current . 4 3.5 Duty . 4 3.6 Voltage 4 3.7 Losses and impedance at system frequency . 5 4. General requirements 6 4.1 Service conditions 6 4.2 Insulation . 7 4.3 Operation at altitudes in excess of 1000 m (3300 ft) . 8 5. Rating . 9 5.1 Basis of rating 9 5.2 System frequency 9 5.3 Reactance rati
32、ng .10 5.4 Voltage rating .10 5.5 Specification of continuous current rating 10 5.6 Short-circuit current rating .10 6. Tests 13 6.1 Routine, design, and other tests for series reactors .13 6.2 Where tests are to be made .14 6.3 Test sequence 14 6.4 Test procedures .15 7. Losses and impedance .15 7.
33、1 Losses .15 7.2 Impedance .16 7.3 Impedance and losses test .16 8. Temperature rise 17 8.1 Considerations in establishing limits of temperature rise .17 8.2 Limits of temperature rise .19 8.3 Temperature rise tests .20 9. Insulation levels and dielectric tests 21 9.1 Impulse insulation levels 21 9.
34、2 Dielectric test levels 23 9.3 Dielectric 23 10. Short-circuit capability 25 10.1 Short-circuit description .25 Copyright 2012 IEEE. All rights reserved. ix 10.2 Maximum mechanical stress of series reactors for short-circuit conditions .25 10.3 Thermal limit of series reactors for short-circuit con
35、ditions .27 10.4 Mechanical short-circuit test .27 11. Test code27 11.1 General .27 11.2 Resistance measurements .28 11.3 Dielectric tests 31 11.4 Losses and impedance 39 11.5 Temperature rise tests .44 11.6 Short-circuit test .48 11.7 Short-time current .51 11.8 Audible sound level test 53 11.9 Sei
36、smic verification 57 12. Construction 57 12.1 Nameplates .57 12.2 Insulator units .59 12.3 Tap (in a reactor) 59 Annex A (normative) Specific requirements for dry-type air-core filter reactors .60 Annex B (normative) Specific requirements for dry-type air-core shunt capacitor reactors .79 Annex C (n
37、ormative) Specific requirements for dry-type air-core discharge current-limiting reactors for series capacitor bank applications .90 Annex D (normative) Reactors supplied in enclosures99 Annex E (informative) Construction and installation of dry-type air-core series reactors 101 Annex F (informative
38、) System considerations in the application of current-limiting reactors 108 Annex G (informative) Bibliography 114 Copyright 2012 IEEE. All rights reserved. 1 IEEE Standard for Requirements, Terminology, and Test Code for Dry-Type Air-Core Series-Connected Reactors IMPORTANT NOTICE: This standard is
39、 not intended to ensure safety, security, health, or environmental protection. Implementers of the standard are responsible for determining appropriate safety, security, environmental, and health practices or regulatory requirements. This IEEE document is made available for use subject to important
40、notices and legal disclaimers. These notices and disclaimers appear in all publications containing this document and may be found under the heading “Important Notice” or “Important Notices and Disclaimers Concerning IEEE Documents.” They can also be obtained on request from IEEE or viewed at http:/s
41、tandards.ieee.org/IPR/disclaimers.html. 1. Overview 1.1 Scope This standard applies to series-connected dry-type air-core single-phase and three-phase outdoor or indoor reactors of distribution and transmission voltage class that are connected in the power system to control power flow under steady-s
42、tate conditions and/or limit fault current under short-circuit conditions. Dry-type air-core reactors covered by this standard are self-cooled by natural air convection. With some restrictions, this standard is applicable to filter reactors, shunt capacitor reactors (used with shunt capacitor banks)
43、, and discharge current-limiting reactors (used with series capacitor banks). Annex A, Annex B, and Annex C are included to provide guidance. This standard does not apply to devices such as a) Shunt reactors (see IEEE Std C57.21-2008)1b) Arc suppression coils c) Neutral grounding devices (see IEEE S
44、td 32-1972 B21)21Information on references can be found in Clause 2. 2Numbers in brackets correspond to the numbers in the bibliography in Annex G. IEEE Std C57.16-2011 IEEE Standard for Requirements, Terminology, and Test Code for Dry-Type Air-Core Series-Connected Reactors Copyright 2012 IEEE. All
45、 rights reserved. 2 d) Line resonant reactors e) High-voltage direct current (HVDC) smoothing reactors (IEEE Std 1277-2010 B23) f) Forced cooled reactors g) Line traps and radio interference (RI) filter reactors (ANSI C93.3-1995) 1.2 Purpose The purpose of this standard is to define the requirements
46、 and test code for series-connected dry-type air-core reactors and, with some restrictions, filter reactors, shunt capacitor reactors, and discharge current-limiting reactors. 2. Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document (i.e., the
47、y must be understood and used, so each referenced document is cited in text and its relationship to this document is explained). For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments or corrigenda) applie
48、s. ANSI C93.3-1995, American National StandardRequirements for Power-line Carrier Line Traps.3ANSI S1.4-1983, American National Standard Specification for Sound Level Meters (includes supplement ANSI S1.4a-1985). ANSI S1.11-1986 (R1993), American National Standard Specification for Octave-Band and F
49、ractional-Octave-Band Analog and Digital Filters. IEC 60076-10:2005, Power transformersPart 10: Determination of sound levels.4IEEE Std 1-2000 (Reaff 2011), IEEE Recommended PracticeGeneral Principles for Temperature Limits in the Rating of Electrical Equipment and for the Evaluation of Electrical Insulation.5,6IEEE Std 4-1995, IEEE Standard Techniques for High-Voltage Testing. IEEE Std 693-2005, IEEE Recommended Practice for Seismic Design of Substations. IEEE Std 824-2004, IEEE Standard for Series Capacitor Banks in Power Systems. IEEE Std C57.21-2008,
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