1、IEEE Std C62.31-2006(Revision of IEEE Std C62.31-1987)IEEE Standard Test Methods forL o w - Voltage Gas-Tube Surge-ProtectiveDevice ComponentsI E E E3 Park Avenue New York, NY 10016-5997, USA8 December 2006IEEE Power Engineering SocietySponsored by theSurge Protective Devices CommitteeIEEE Std C62.3
2、1-2006(R2011)(Revision ofIEEE Std C62.31-1987)IEEE Standard Test Methods for Low-Voltage Gas-Tube Surge-Protective Device ComponentsSponsor Surge Protective Devices Committeeof theIEEE Power Engineering SocietyApproved 15 September 2006Reaffirmed 31 March 2011IEEE SA-Standards BoardApproved 8 Januar
3、y 2007Reaffirmed 24 July 2012American National Standards InstituteThe Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.3 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5997, USACopyright 2006 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.All rights reserved. Published 8 December 2006. Printed
4、 in the United States of America.IEEE is a registered trademark in the U.S. Patent +1 978 750 8400. Permission to photocopy portions ofany individual standard for educational classroom use can also be obtained through the Copyright ClearanceCenter.iv Copyright 2006 IEEE. All rights reserved.Introduc
5、tionThis standard applies to gas discharge-tubes for over-voltage protection applications on systems withoperating voltages equal to or less than 1000 V rms or 1200 V dc. These protective devices are designed forlimiting the voltages on balanced or unbalanced communication and on power circuits. Thi
6、s standardcontains a series of standard test-methods for determining the electrical characteristics of these gasdischarge-tube devices components. Gas discharge tubes are used to provide over-voltage protection in electrical circuits. When the devicesbreakdown voltage is exceeded, its normal high im
7、pedance state changes to a low impedance state to allowconduction of the surge discharge current. After the device conducts the surge discharge current, it interruptsthe flow of system follow current and returns to its high impedance state. In the event of continuing currentnot representing normal s
8、ystem conditions, the device continues to provide a low impedance path until anexternal bypass mechanism activates, the source of undesirable current is de-energized, or a coordinatedprotective current element operates. This standards test criteria and definitions provide a commonengineering languag
9、e beneficial to user and manufacturer of gas-tube surge-protective devices components.Notice to usersErrataErrata, if any, for this and all other standards can be accessed at the following URL: http:/standards.ieee.org/reading/ieee/updates/errata/index.html. Users are encouraged to check this URL fo
10、rerrata periodically.InterpretationsCurrent interpretations can be accessed at the following URL: http:/standards.ieee.org/reading/ieee/interp/index.html.PatentsAttention is called to the possibility that implementation of this standard may require use of subject mattercovered by patent rights. By p
11、ublication of this standard, no position is taken with respect to the existence orvalidity of any patent rights in connection therewith. The IEEE shall not be responsible for identifyingpatents or patent applications for which a license may be required to implement an IEEE standard or forconducting
12、inquiries into the legal validity or scope of those patents that are brought to its attention.This introduction is not part of IEEE Std C62.31-2006, IEEE Standard Test Methods for Low-Voltage Gas-TubeSurge-Protective Device Components.Copyright 2006 IEEE. All rights reserved vParticipantsThe followi
13、ng is a list of participants in the Low-Voltage Gap Type Protective Devices Working Group: Hans-Wolfgang Oertel, ChairMichael J. Maytum, Vice ChairNisar Chaudhry, SecretaryThe following members of the individual balloting committee voted on this standard. Balloters may havevoted for approval, disapp
14、roval, or abstention. Bill CurryLeonard DrewesBenny H. LeeMark LynnesBill TravisDonald B. TurnerS. K. Aggarwal Paul D. BarnhartRoger L. BoyellSteven R. Brockschink William A. ByrdJames S. CaseC. ChrysanthouBryan R. ColeTommy P. CooperStephen DareCarlo Donati Mark M. DrabkinGary R. EngmannWilliam R.
15、Goldbach Randall C. GrovesJohn E. HarderGary A. HeustonJoseph L. KoepfingerJim KulchiskySaumen K. KunduBenny H. LeeSolomon LeeWilliam LumpkinsG. L. LuriAlbert R. MartinMichael J. MaytumGary L. Michel Arthur S. Neubauer Michael S. Newman Hans-Wolfgang OertelBansi R. PatelPercy E. PoolMichael A. Rober
16、tsThomas J. RozekDonald B. TurnerJoe D. WatsonJames W. WilsonLarry S. YoungDonald W. Zipsevi Copyright 2006 IEEE. All rights reserved.When the IEEE-SA Standards Board approved this standard on 15 September 2006, it had the followingmembership:Steve M. Mills, ChairRichard H. Hulett, Vice ChairDon Wri
17、ght, Past ChairJudith Gorman, Secretary*Member EmeritusAlso included are the following nonvoting IEEE-SA Standards Board liaisons:Satish K. Aggarwal, NRC RepresentativeRichard DeBlasio, DOE RepresentativeAlan H. Cookson, NIST RepresentativeMichelle D. TurnerIEEE Standards Program Manager, Document D
18、evelopmentMatthew J. CegliaIEEE Standards Program Manager, Technical Program DevelopmentMark D. BowmanDennis B. BrophyWilliam R. GoldbachArnold M. GreenspanRobert M. GrowJoanna N. GueninJulian Forster*Mark S. HalpinKenneth S. HanusWilliam B. HopfJoseph L. Koepfinger*David J. LawDaleep C. MohlaT. W.
19、OlsenGlenn ParsonsRonald C. PetersenTom A. PrevostGreg RattaRobby RobsonAnne-Marie SahazizianVirginia C. SulzbergerMalcolm V. ThadenRichard L. TownsendWalter WeigelHowad L. WolfmanCopyright 2006 IEEE. All rights reserved. viiContents1. Scope 12. Definitions . 13. Service conditions 43.1 Normal servi
20、ce conditions . 43.2 Unusual service conditions 44. Standard design test criteria. 54.1 General. 54.2 Ambient conditions 54.3 DC breakdown voltage test 54.4 Capacitance test . 64.5 Insulation resistance test 64.6 Impulse breakdown voltage test 74.7 Maximum single impulse discharge current test . 94.
21、8 Impulse life test 94.9 AC discharge current test. 104.10 Alternating follow-current test. 104.11 DC holdover test for two-electrode devices 114.12 DC holdover test for three-electrode devices 124.13 Transition time test 144.14 Impulse transverse voltage test 154.15 AC transverse voltage test . 174
22、.16 Voltage-current characteristic test . 174.17 Backup air gap devices 184.18 Failure mode 184.19 Fail-safe operation . 19Annex A (informative) Bibliography 20Copyright 2006 IEEE. All rights reserved. 1IEEE Standard Test Methods for Low-Voltage Gas-Tube Surge-Protective Device Components1. ScopeThi
23、s standard applies to gas-tube surge-protective device components for application on systems withvoltages less than or equal to 1000 V rms or 1200 V dc. These protective devices are designed to limitvoltage surges on balanced or unbalanced communication circuits and on power circuits operating fromd
24、irect current (dc) to 420 Hz. This standard contains a series of standard test criteria for determining theelectrical characteristics of gas-tube surge-protective devices.The tests in this standard are intended as design tests as defined in The Authoritative Dictionary of IEEEStandard Terms B11and p
25、rovide a means of comparison among various gas-tube surge-protective devicecomponents.2Gas-tube devices are used to provide over-voltage protection in electrical circuits. When the breakdownvoltage of the gas tube is exceeded, the normal high-impedance state of the tube changes to a low-impedance st
26、ate to allow the gas tube to conduct the surge discharge current. After the tube conducts thesurge discharge current, it interrupts the flow of power follow current and returns to its high-impedancestate.This standards test criteria and definitions provide a common engineering language that is benef
27、icial to theuser and manufacturer of gas-tube surge-protective devices.2. DefinitionsFor the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. The Authoritative Dictionaryof IEEE Standard Terms B1 should be referenced for terms not defined in this clause.2.1 arc current: The curr
28、ent that flows after breakdown when the circuit impedance allows a current thatexceeds the glow-to-arc transition current. Syn: arc mode current.1The numbers in brackets correspond to those of the bibliography in Annex A.2In this standard, the term gas tube or gas-tube surge-protective device compon
29、ent is used when the definition of gas-tube surge arrester(see Clause 2) is intended, and the term protector is used when the definition of surge protector (see Clause 2) is intended. When a testapplies to both protectors and surge-protective device components, the term device or gas-tube device is
30、used alone. For the purpose ofthis standard, all connections to a device are by means of the terminals.CAUTIONDue to the voltage and energy levels employed in the majority of tests contained herein, allmeasurements should be considered dangerous and appropriate caution should be taken in theirperfor
31、mance.IEEEStd C62.31-2006 IEEE STANDARD TEST METHODS FOR LOW-VOLTAGE2 Copyright 2006 IEEE. All rights reserved.2.2 arc voltage: The voltage drop across the gas tube during arc current flow. Syn: arc mode voltage.2.3 back-up air gap devices: An air gap device connected in parallel with a sealed gas-t
32、ube device, havinga higher breakdown voltage than the gas tube, which provides a secondary means of protection in the eventof a venting to atmosphere by the primary gas-tube device.2.4 balanced voltage limiting: The simultaneous or near simultaneous breakdown of two gas-tube surge-protective device
33、components in response to a longitudinal (common mode) voltage.NOTEThe two gaps are usually combined in a single, three electrode gas-tube surge-protective device component.32.5 breakdown: The abrupt transition of the gap resistance from a practically infinite value to a relativelylow value. In the
34、case of a gap, this is sometimes referred to as sparkover or ignition. See also: sparkover.2.6 breakdown voltage, ac: The minimum rms value of a sinusoidal voltage at frequencies between 15 Hzand 62 Hz that results in gas-tube sparkover.2.7 breakdown voltage, dc: The minimum dc voltage with a ramp r
35、ate (100 V/s to 2000 V/s) that will causebreakdown or sparkover when applied across the terminals of a gas tube.2.8 current turnoff time: The time required for the gas tube to restore itself to a non-conducting statefollowing a period of conduction. This definition applies only to a condition where
36、the gas tube is exposed toa continuous specified dc potential under a specified circuit condition.2.9 dc holdover: In applications where a dc voltage exists on a line, a holdover condition is one in which asurge-protective device continues to conduct after it is subjected to an impulse large enough
37、to cause break-down. Factors that affect the time required to recover from the conducting state include the dc voltage andthe dc current.2.10 dc holdover voltage: The maximum dc voltage across the terminals of a gas tube under which it maybe expected to clear and return to the high impedance state a
38、fter the passage of a surge, under specifiedcircuit conditions.2.11 discharge current: The current that flows through a gas tube when sparkover occurs.2.12 discharge voltage: The voltage that appears across the terminals of a gas tube during the passage ofdischarge current.2.13 discharge-voltage-cur
39、rent characteristic: The variation of the crest values of discharge voltage withrespect to discharge current.2.14 failure: The termination of the ability of an item to perform a required function.NOTE 1“Failure” is an event, as distinct from “fault,” which is a state.NOTE 2A failure usually results
40、in a fault state.2.15 fault: A state causing inability to perform a required function.NOTE 1Inability during preventive maintenance or other planned actions, or due to lack of external resources does notconstitute a fault state.NOTE 2A fault is often the result of a failure of the item itself, but m
41、ay exist without prior failure.3Notes in text, tables, and figures of a standard are given for information only and do not contain requirements needed to implement thestandard.IEEEGAS-TUBE SURGE-PROTECTIVE DEVICE COMPONENTS Std C62.31-2006Copyright 2006 IEEE. All rights reserved. 32.16 failure mode:
42、 A manner in which failure occurs.NOTEA failure mode may be defined by the function lost or the state transition that occurred.2.17 follow current: The current from the connected power source that flows through a gas tube during andfollowing the passage of discharge current.2.18 gas-tube surge arres
43、ter (gas-tube surge-protective device component): A gap, or gaps, in anenclosed discharge medium, other than air at atmospheric pressure, designed to protect apparatus orpersonnel, or both, from high transient voltages.2.19 glow current: The current that flows after breakdown when circuit impedance
44、limits the current to avalue less than the glow-to-arc transition current. Syn: glow mode current.2.20 glow-to-arc transition current: The current required for the gas tube to pass from the glow mode intothe arc mode.2.21 glow voltage: The voltage drop across the gas tube during glow-current flow. I
45、t is sometimes called theglow mode voltage.2.22 impulse sparkover voltage: The highest value of voltage attained by an impulse of a designated wave-shape and polarity applied across the terminals of a gas tube prior to the flow of discharge current. Syn:surge or impulse breakdown voltage.2.23 impuls
46、e sparkover voltage-time curve: A curve that relates the impulse sparkover voltage to the timeto sparkover.2.24 longitudinal (common) mode voltage: The voltage common to all conductors of a group as measuredbetween that group at a given location and an arbitrary reference (usually earth).2.25 short
47、circuit: An abnormal connection of relatively low impedance, whether made accidentally orintentionally, between two points of different potential in a circuit.2.26 sparkover: A disruptive discharge between electrodes of a measuring gap, voltage control gap, orprotective device.2.27 surge protector:
48、A protective device, consisting of one or more surge-protective device components, amounting assembly, optional fuses and short-circuiting devices, etc, which is used for limiting surgevoltages on low-voltage (1000 V rms or 1200 V dc) electrical and electronic equipment or circuits.2.28 transfer tim
49、e: The time duration of the transverse voltage.2.29 transition time: The time required for the voltage across a conducting gap to drop into the arc regionafter the gap initially begins to conduct.2.30 transverse (differential) mode voltage: The voltage at a given location between two conductors of agroup.IEEEStd C62.31-2006 IEEE STANDARD TEST METHODS FOR LOW-VOLTAGE4 Copyright 2006 IEEE. All rights reserved.3. Service conditions3.1 Normal service conditionsGas-tube surge-protective device components and protectors conforming to this standard shall be capable
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