ANSI IESNA RP-22-2011 Tunnel Lighting.pdf

1、ANSI/IES RP-22-11Tunnel LightingANSI/IES RP-22-11American NationalStandard PracticeforTunnel LightingThe members of the Tunnel and Underpass Subcommittee of the IES Roadway Lighting Committee dedicate RP-22-2nullnullnullin memory of the late nullrnull nullerner nulldrian for his contributions to the

2、 science of nullision for tunnel lightingnullPublication of this Committee report has been appronulled by IESnullSuggestions for renullision should be directed to IESnullPrepared bynullThe Subcommittee on Tunnel Lighting of the IES Roadnullay Lighting nullommitteenullnullNSnull/nullnullS nullnullnul

3、l22null11Copyright 2011 by the Illuminating Engineering Society of North America.Approved by the IES Board of Directornullnull nullebruary 12null 2011null anull a nullrannullaction of the Illuminating Engineering Society of North America.Approved by the American National Standardnull Innulltitute an

4、ull an American National Standardnull April 12null 2011.All rightnull renullerved. No part of this pnullblinullationull manull be repronullnullnullenull inull anullnull form, inull anullnull elenulltronullinull retrienullal snullstem or otherwise, withonullt prior writtenull permissionull of the nul

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7、enullhnullolognull, at the abonulle anullnullress for nullerifinullationull anullnull nullorrenulltionull. The nullnullS welnullomes anullnull nullrges feenullbanullk anullnull nullommenullts. nullrinted in the nullnited Statenull of America.nullSnullN null null7nullnull0nullnull7nullnull5null251nul

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12、r sernullnulls for or onullbehalf of anullnullpersonullor enullitnull. Nor is the nullS nullnullrtakinull to perform anullnullnulltnullowenullbnullanullnullpersonullor enullitnullto someonull else. null onull nullinull this nullnullmenull shonullnullrelnullonullhis or her ownullinullepenullenull nul

13、lnullmenull or, as appropriate, seek the anullinull of a nullmpetenull professionulll inullnullterminullnull the enullernullse of reasonullble nullre inullanullnullginullenullnullrnullmstanulles.The nullS has null power, nullr nulles it nullnullrtake, to polinull or enullornull nullmplianulle with t

14、he nullnullenulls of this nullnullmenull. Nor nulles the nullS list, nullrtifnull, test or inullpenull pronullnulls, nullsignull, or inulltallationull for nullmplianulle with this nullnullmenull. nullnullnullrtifinulltionullor statemenull of nullmplianulle with the renullirenullmenulls of this nulln

15、ullmenull shall nullt be attribnullable to the nullS anull is solelnullthe responullibilitnullof the nullrtifier or maker of the statemenull.nullNSnull/nullnullS nullnullnull22null11IES nullunnel nullighting SunullcommitteeEdmund nullorelnull nullhairnullohn nullrollnull nullice nullhair nullimnulle

16、rly nullolloynull Secretarynullartinull nullitkenullheanullnullalnull nullnullanullthanullaranullanullanullnullarl nullnullnullersenullSam nullnullnullohnullnull. nullelnullinull nullrmstronullgnullanullnullhnull nullrnullmnullgasaamnullThomas nullakerTom nullakernullnulloeseph nullastianullpillainu

17、ll. nullnullnullrew nullloomfielnullnullanulll nullonullnullnullnulleenull nullranullfornullnullStenulle nullranullnullnullario nullnullnullnullinullohnull nullnullranullnullnullnullskinullnullarl nullnullrkettnullrnullesto nullanullinullnullenullnullinullnullenullt nullarnullenullnullnullhris nullh

18、anullwinullknullanullg nullhanullnullnulleorge nullhelnullanullanullagamnulllenull nullhenullgnullnullinullnulle nulliminullonullobert nulllearnulleter nullonulltosnullnullShirlenull nullonulllenullnullharles nullraignullnullnullanullinull nullrawfornullnullark nullnullnullnullinullghamnullnullames

19、nullegnullanullnullNormanull nullittmanullnullnulloseph nullonulllenullinullhael nullnullnullasTram Fenullimorenullarl Fonullnullnullim Franullernullnullark Freenullmanullnulloktar nullabrielnullnullonullalnull nullibbonullsnullamesh nullnullptanullranullt nullarlownullnullonull nullartnull. nullrnu

20、llanull nullarnullenullnullnullobert nullarnullenullnullregg nullanullsernullnullames nullanullarnullnullnullWilliam nullnullghesnullonullalnull nullnullsbnullnullnullnullinullhael nullanulloffnullnullnullames nullewellnullnullnullianullnullhonullg nulliaonullnullinullharnull nullonullesnullnullanul

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22、erenullnullnullosef nullenullnullnullnullanull nullewinullThomas nullinullnullarrell nullinullenullnullanullnulle nullinullinullgstonullnullnullanulll nullnulltkenullinullhnullnullinullhael nullaltenullosnullark nullanullernullnullames nullnullnullorminullknullnullSamnullel nullnullnullnullightnulln

23、ullnullonull nullnullnulleanullnullnullohnull nullenullersnullnullnullohnull nullinullkelnullnullnullraig nullillernullnullimberlnull nullollonullnullnullonullalnull nullonullahanullnull. nullonullnullesirnullnullinullharnull nullonullsoornullnullmnullnullnull nullorelnulloseph nullnullginullanullnu

24、llnullassahnullnull Negashnullerbert nullnulllenullnullnullharles nullerknullitnullnullnullnullonullalnull nullkonullnullnullnullrianull nullwenullnullnullonullglas nullanulllinullnullinullhael nullearsenullnullhris nullekarnullnullanulll nullhillipsnullnulleora nullanulletsknullnullebenullnulla nul

25、lainullernullhilipip nulleenullnullanulll Sabanullnullinullharnull Snullhwabnullnullnullarl Shafliknullnullillnull Shelbnullnullnullnullnullnullrew Silbigernulleanull Simarnullnullasonull SimmersnullWilliam Smelsernulleo Smithnullinullhael SmolnullanullsknullnullStephenull Spitnulllskinullinullharnu

26、ll Starknullomanull StemprokFrenull Stohlnullnullario Tenullesnullonullarole Thomasnullnullanullosnulleta Topalonullanullnullanulll nullanull nuller nullolnullinullharnull nullinullnullenulltnullernullonull Waightnullnullnullllanull Weanullernullnullonull WeanullerSnullott WegnullerSnullott Wenulltw

27、orthnullnullanullmonullnull Yeagernull nullnullnullisornull nullembersnullnullnullonullorarnull nullembernullarl nullnullnullersenullSam nullnullnullohnullnulloseph nullastianullpillainullohnull nullnullranullnullnullnullskinullnullarl nullnullrkettnullnullanullg nullhanullnullnulleorge nullhelnulla

28、nullanullagamnullnulllenull nullhenullgnullnullinullnulle nulliminullonullnulleter nullonulltosnullnullnullames nullegnullanullNormanull nullittmanullnullnulloel nullorinullenulltnullnullonullalnull nullibbonullsnullobert nullarnullenullnullames nullanullarnullnullnullnullhris nullwonullgnullThomas

29、nullinullnullanulll nullnulltkenullinullhnullnullionullel nullnulltlenullnullinullhael nullaltenullosnullonull nullnullnulleanullnulleernullnullrinull nullolnullnullarnullharles nullerknullitnullnullnullnullhristopher nullswalnullnullnullhris nullekarnullnullanulll nullhillipsnullnulleora nullanulle

30、tsknullnullnullolfo nullenullesnullnullanulll Sabanullnullrianull Seipnullnullarl Shafliknullnulleanull Simarnullnullnullinullharnull Starknullnullanull Townullhillnullnullonull Weanullernullnullanullmonullnull Yeagernullnullnullnullisornull nullembersnullnull nullonullorarnull nullembersIES Roadnul

31、lay nullighting nullommitteeNorman nullittmannnull nullhair-null0null0nullon nullartnull nullhair null00null-null0null0Edmund nullorelnull nullreanullurerAndrenull Silnulligernull SecretaryANSI/IES RP-22-11AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDApproval of an American National Standard requires verification by A

32、NSI that the requirements for due process, consensus, and other criteria have been met by the standards developer.Consensus is established when, in the judgment of the ANSI Board of Standards Review, substantial agreement has been reached by directly and materially affected interests. Substantial ag

33、reement means much more than a simple majority, but not necessarily unanimity. Consensus requires that all views and objections be considered, and that a concerted effort be made toward their resolution.The use of American National Standards is completely voluntary; their existence does not in any r

34、espect preclude anyone, whether that person has approved the standards or not, from manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or using products, processes, or procedures not conforming to the standards.The American National Standards Institute does not develop standards and will in no circumstances give

35、 an interpretation to any American National Standard. Moreover, no person shall have the right or authority to issue and interpretation of an American National Standard in the name of the American National Standards Institute. Requests for interpretations should be addressed to the secretariat or sp

36、onsor whose name appears on the title page of this standard.CAUTION NOTICE: This American National Standard may be revised at any time. The procedures of the American National Standards Institute require that action be taken to reaffirm, revise, or withdraw this standard no later than five years fro

37、m the date of approval. Purchasers of American National Standards may receive current information on all standards by calling or writing the American National Standards Institute.ANSI/IES RP-22-11ContentsPlease refer to the IES Bookstore after you purchase this standard for possible Errata, Addenda,

38、 and Clarifications at www.ies.org/store1.0 Introduction.11.1 What is new in RP-22-2011 12.0 Definition of Terms .12.1 Definition of a Tunnel 12.2 Divided and Undivided Tunnels 12.3 Underpasses .12.4 Tunnel Topology 22.4.1 Fixation Point 22.4.2 Approach .22.4.3 Adaptation Point 22.4.4 Adaptation Dis

39、tance .22.4.5 Portal 22.4.6 Threshold Zone 22.4.7 Transition Zone.22.4.8 Interior Zone.22.4.9 Exit Lighting .23.0 Traffic and Roadway Geometry .33.1 Traffic .33.2 Divided and Undivided Structures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.0 Vis

40、ibility at the Tunnel Approach34.1 General34.2 Traffic Speed .4 4.3 Night Adaptation.45.0 Eye Adaptation at the Tunnel Approach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45.1 General45.2 Solar and Tunnel Orientation 45.3 Sky .45.4 Daylight Contri

41、bution 55.5 Exterior Surface Luminance .56.0 Lighting Design Criteria .66.1 General66.2 Threshold Zone Lighting Requirements .76.3 Assessment of Major Factors Influencing Lighting Design Criteria .76.4 Method of Determination of Luminance Levels7ANSI/IES RP-22-116.4.1 Luminance Values in Threshold Z

42、one Table Method 86.4.2 Luminance Values in Threshold Zone LseqMethod 86.4.3 Threshold and Transition Zones 116.4.4 Tunnel Interior Zone .136.4.5 Nighttime Luminance 136.4.6 Non-Roadway Surface Illumination 13 6.4.7 Uniformity Ratios146.5 Flicker Effect 156.6 Switching Steps in Threshold and Transit

43、ion Zones 156.7 Emergency Lighting 157.0 Light Application Techniques .167.1 Symmetrical Light Distribution167.2 Asymmetrical Light Distribution - Negative Contrast (ALD-NC)167.3 Asymmetrical Light Distribution - Positive Contrast (ALD-PC) 167.4 Wide and Narrow Tunnels168.0 Architecture and Material

44、s168.1 General.168.2 Pavement .168.3 The Portal and its Surrounding Area .178.4 Architectural Features.178.5 Reflective Characteristics of Road, Wall and Ceiling Materials 179.0 Lighting and Electrical Equipment .179.1 Light Sources179.1.1 Fluorescent189.1.2 Low Pressure Sodium (LPS).189.1.3 High Pr

45、essure Sodium (HPS) 189.1.4 Metal Halide (MH).189.1.5 Other Light Sources .199.2 Equipment and Luminaires.199.3 Electric Power Supply and Distribution .199.4 Measurement, Control and Switching Systems.1910.0 Lighting System Economics 2010.1 General.2010.2 Initial Cost 2010.3 Life-Cycle Economic Anal

46、ysis 20ANSI/IES RP-22-1111.0 Maintenance Considerations 2111.1 General .2111.2 Lamp Lumen Depreciation 2111.3 Lamp Burnout Factor (BOF).2111.4 Luminaire Dirt Depreciation (LDD)2211.5 Equipment Factors (EF) 2211.5.1 Ambient Temperature .2211.5.2 Voltage 2211.5.3 Ballast and Lamp Factor.2211.5.4 Lumin

47、aire Component Depreciation 2211.6 Maintenance of the Photocontrols .2211.7 Tunnel Surface Reflectance Depreciation .2211.7.1 Selection of Tunnel Surface Reflectance .2311.7.2 Reflectance Depreciation 2311.8 Luminaire Cleaning, Relamping and Replacement 2311.8.1 Luminaire Cleaning.2311.8.2 Relamping

48、 .2311.8.3 Luminaire Replacement .2311.9 Other Factors2311.9.1 Pavement Reflectance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2411.9.2 Other Reflection Characteristics .2411.9.3 Physical Geometry .2411.9.4 Errors .24References.24Additiona

49、l Suggested Reading.25Glossary.25Annex A Calculation and Field Verification Methods 30Annex B Contrast Method for Determining Threshold Lighting .37Annex C Calculation of Tunnel Wall Luminance Using Bi-Directional Reflectance Factors (BRDF) for Typical Materials Used for Tunnel Walls.39Annex D Evaluation of Lseq- Correct Use of a Camera From: CIE 88:2004 Edited For RP-22 41Annex E Conversions, Acronyms and Symbols42ANSI/IES RP-22-111nullNSnull/nullnullS nullnullnull22null11null.0 INnullROnullnullnullnullIONThis Stanullnullarnull nullranulltinulle has the obnullenulltinulle of pronullinulln