ANSI INCITS ISO 19110-2005 Geographic information - Methodology for feature cataloguing.pdf

1、INCITS/ISO 19110-2005(ISO 19110:2005, IDT) Geographic information Methodology for feature cataloguing INCITS/ISO 19110-2005(ISO 19110:2005, IDT)Reaffirmed as INCITS/ISO 19110:2005 R2015INCITS/ISO 19110-2005 iiPDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobes lice

2、nsing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing the editing. In downloading this file, parties accept therein the responsibility of not infringing Adobes licensing policy. The IS

3、O Central Secretariat accepts no liability in this area. Adobe is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated. Details of the software products used to create this PDF file can be found in the General Info relative to the file; the PDF-creation parameters were optimized for printing. Every care has be

4、en taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below. Adopted by INCITS (InterNational Committee for Information Technology Standards) as an American N

5、ational Standard. Date of ANSI Approval: 9/27/2005 Published by American National Standards Institute, 25 West 43rd Street, New York, New York 10036 Copyright 2005 by Information Technology Industry Council (ITI). All rights reserved. These materials are subject to copyright claims of International

6、Standardization Organization (ISO), International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), American National Standards Institute (ANSI), and Information Technology Industry Council (ITI). Not for resale. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, including an electronic retrieval system, w

7、ithout the prior written permission of ITI. All requests pertaining to this standard should be submitted to ITI, 1250 Eye Street NW, Washington, DC 20005. Printed in the United States of America ISO 19110:2005(E) ISO 2005 All rights reserved iiiContents Page Foreword iv Introduction v 1 Scope 1 2 Co

8、nformance . 1 3 Normative references . 2 4 Terms and definitions. 2 5 Abbreviations 3 6 Principal requirements . 4 6.1 Feature catalogue . 4 6.2 Information elements 4 Annex A (normative) Abstract test suite 6 Annex B (normative) Feature catalogue template. 16 Annex C (informative) Feature catalogui

9、ng examples 31 Annex D (informative) Feature cataloguing concepts 46 Bibliography . 55 ISO 19110:2005(E) iv ISO 2005 All rights reservedForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing

10、International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaiso

11、n with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of tec

12、hnical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is dra

13、wn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 19110 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 211, Geographic information/Geomatics. ISO 19110:2005(E) ISO 200

14、5 All rights reserved vIntroduction Geographic features are real world phenomena associated with a location relative to the Earth, about which data are collected, maintained, and disseminated. Feature catalogues defining the types of features, their operations, attributes, and associations represent

15、ed in geographic data are indispensable to turning the data into usable information. Such feature catalogues promote the dissemination, sharing, and use of geographic data through providing a better understanding of the content and meaning of the data. Unless suppliers and users of geographic data h

16、ave a shared understanding of the kinds of real world phenomena represented by the data, users will be unable to judge whether the data supplied are fit for their purpose. The availability of standard feature catalogues that can be used multiple times will reduce costs of data acquisition and simpli

17、fy the process of product specification for geographic datasets. This International Standard provides a standard framework for organizing and reporting the classification of real world phenomena in a set of geographic data. Any set of geographic data is a greatly simplified and reduced abstraction o

18、f a complex and diverse world. A catalogue of feature types can never capture the richness of geographic reality. However, such a feature catalogue should present the particular abstraction represented in a given dataset clearly, precisely, and in a form readily understandable and accessible to user

19、s of the data. Geographic features occur at two levels: instances and types. At the instance level, a geographic feature is represented as a discrete phenomenon that is associated with its geographic and temporal coordinates and may be portrayed by a particular graphic symbol. These individual featu

20、re instances are grouped into classes with common characteristics: feature types. It is recognized that geographic information is subjectively perceived and that its content depends upon the needs of particular applications. The needs of particular applications determine the way instances are groupe

21、d into types within a particular classification scheme. ISO 19109, Geographic information Rules for application schema specifies how data shall be organized to reflect the particular needs of applications with similar data requirements. NOTE The full description of the contents and structure of a ge

22、ographic dataset is given by the application schema developed in compliance with ISO 19109. The feature catalogue defines the meaning of the feature types and their associated feature attributes, feature operations and feature associations contained in the application schema. The collection criteria

23、 used to identify individual real world phenomena and to represent them as feature instances in a dataset are not specified in this International Standard. Because they are not included in the standards, collection criteria should be included separately in the product specification for each dataset.

24、 A standard way of organizing feature catalogue information will not automatically result in harmonization or interoperability between applications. In situations where classifications of features differ, this International Standard may at least serve to clarify the differences and thereby help to a

25、void the errors that would result from ignoring them. It may also be used as a standard framework within which to harmonize existing feature catalogues that have overlapping domains. AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD INCITS/ISO 19110-2005 ISO 2005 All rights reserved 1Geographic information Methodology for

26、 feature cataloguing 1 Scope This International Standard defines the methodology for cataloguing feature types. This International Standard specifies how the classification of feature types is organized into a feature catalogue and presented to the users of a set of geographic data. This Internation

27、al Standard is applicable to creating catalogues of feature types in previously uncatalogued domains and to revising existing feature catalogues to comply with standard practice. This International Standard applies to the cataloguing of feature types that are represented in digital form. Its princip

28、les can be extended to the cataloguing of other forms of geographic data. This International Standard is applicable to the definition of geographic features at the type level. This International Standard is not applicable to the representation of individual instances of each type. This International

29、 Standard excludes spatial, temporal, and portrayal schemas as specified in ISO 19107, ISO 19108, and ISO 19117, respectively. It also excludes collection criteria for feature instances. This International Standard may be used as a basis for defining the universe of discourse being modelled in a par

30、ticular application, or to standardize general aspects of real world features being modelled in more than one application. 2 Conformance Because this International Standard specifies a number of options that are not required for all feature catalogues, this clause specifies 12 conformance classes. T

31、hese classes are differentiated on the basis of three criteria: a) What elements of a feature type are required in a catalogue: 1) feature attributes only? 2) feature attributes and feature associations? 3) feature attributes, feature associations, and feature operations? b) Is there a requirement t

32、o link feature attributes, feature associations, and feature operations to only one feature type or may they be linked to multiple feature types? c) Is there a requirement to include inheritance relationships in the feature catalogue? Annex A specifies a test module for each of the conformance class

33、es, as shown in Table 1. ISO 19110:2005(E) 2 ISO 2005 All rights reservedTable 1 Conformance classes Attributes only Attributes and associations Attributes, associations and operations Properties associated with multiple features Inheritance relationships included Test module X A.17 X A.18 X A.19 X

34、X A.20 X X A.21 X X A.22 X X A.23 X X A.24 X X A.25 X X X A.26 X X X A.27 X X X A.28 3 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of t

35、he referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO/TS 19103:1), Geographic information Conceptual schema language ISO 19109:1), Geographic information Rules for application schema ISO 19115:2003, Geographic information Metadata 4 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, t

36、he following terms and definitions apply. 4.1 feature abstraction of real world phenomena ISO 19101 EXAMPLE The phenomenon named Eiffel Tower may be classified with other similar phenomena into a feature type tower. NOTE A feature may occur as a type or an instance. Feature type or feature instance

37、should be used when only one is meant. 1) To be published. ISO 19110:2005(E) ISO 2005 All rights reserved 34.2 feature association relationship that links instances of one feature (4.1) type with instances of the same or a different feature type 4.3 feature attribute characteristic of a feature (4.1

38、) ISO 19101 EXAMPLE 1 A feature attribute named colour may have an attribute value green which belongs to the data type text. EXAMPLE 2 A feature attribute named length may have an attribute value 82,4 which belongs to the data type real. NOTE A feature attribute has a name, a data type, and a value

39、 domain associated to it. A feature attribute for a feature instance also has an attribute value taken from the value domain. 4.4 feature catalogue catalogue containing definitions and descriptions of the feature (4.1) types, feature attributes (4.3), and feature associations (4.2) occurring in one

40、or more sets of geographic data, together with any feature operations that may be applied 4.5 feature operation operation that every instance of a feature (4.1) type may perform EXAMPLE A feature operation upon a dam is to raise the dam. The results of this operation are to raise the height of the d

41、am and the level of water in a reservoir. NOTE Sometimes feature operations provide a basis for feature type definition. 4.6 functional language language in which feature operations are formally specified NOTE In a functional language, feature types may be represented as abstract data types. 5 Abbre

42、viations DIGEST Digital Geographic Information Exchange Standard FACC Feature and Attribute Coding Catalogue GFM General Feature Model HTTP Hyper Text Transfer Protocol IHO International Hydrographic Organization TS Technical Specification UML Unified Modeling Language URI Uniform Resource Identifie

43、r XML eXtensible Markup Language ISO 19110:2005(E) 4 ISO 2005 All rights reserved6 Principal requirements 6.1 Feature catalogue A feature catalogue shall present the abstraction of reality represented in one or more sets of geographic data as a defined classification of phenomena. The basic level of

44、 classification in a feature catalogue shall be the feature type. A feature catalogue shall be available in electronic form for any set of geographic data that contains features. A feature catalogue may also comply with the specifications of this International Standard independently of any existing

45、set of geographic data. 6.2 Information elements 6.2.1 Introduction The following clauses specify general and specific requirements for feature catalogue information elements. Annex B specifies detailed requirements. Annex C illustrates the application of these requirements. Annex D discusses the ap

46、plication of feature operations as the conceptual basis for determining feature types in a feature catalogue. 6.2.2 Completeness A template for the representation of feature classification information is specified in Annex B. A feature catalogue prepared according to this template shall document all

47、 of the feature types found in a given set of geographic data. The feature catalogue shall include identification information as specified in Annex B. The feature catalogue shall include definitions and descriptions of all feature types contained in the data, including any feature attributes and fea

48、ture associations contained in the data that are associated with each feature type, and optionally including feature operations that are supported by the data. To ensure predictability and comparability of feature catalogue content across different applications, it is recommended that the feature ca

49、talogue should include only the elements specified in Annex B. To maximize the usefulness of a feature catalogue across different applications, the use of a conceptual schema language to model feature catalogue information is recommended. NOTE Natural-language definitions, feature-type aliases, criteria for the birth and death of feature instances, and other semantic elements of the feature catalogue may be included in a con