ANSI INCITS ISO 19125-2-2004 Geographic information - Simple feature access - Part 2 SQL option《地理信息.简单特征选取.第2部分 SQL方案》.pdf

1、INCITS/ISO 19125-2-2004(ISO 19125-2:2004, IDT) Geographic information Simple feature accessPart 2: SQL option INCITS/ISO 19125-2-2004(ISO 19125-2:2004, IDT) Copyright American National Standards Institute Provided by IHS under license with ANSI Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted w

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5、Central Secretariat at the address given below. Adopted by INCITS (InterNational Committee for Information Technology Standards) as an American National Standard. Date of ANSI Approval: 11/3/2005 Published by American National Standards Institute, 25 West 43rd Street, New York, New York 10036 Copyri

6、ght 2005 by Information Technology Industry Council (ITI). All rights reserved. These materials are subject to copyright claims of International Standardization Organization (ISO), International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), American National Standards Institute (ANSI), and Information Technolo

7、gy Industry Council (ITI). Not for resale. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, including an electronic retrieval system, without the prior written permission of ITI. All requests pertaining to this standard should be submitted to ITI, 1250 Eye Street NW, Washington, DC 20005.

8、Printed in the United States of America Copyright American National Standards Institute Provided by IHS under license with ANSI Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ISO 19125-2:2004(E) ISO 2004 All rights reserved iiiContents Page Foreword iv Introductio

9、n v 1 Scope 1 2 Conformance . 2 3 Normative references . 2 4 Terms and definitions. 2 5 Symbols and abbreviated terms 3 6 Architecture . 4 6.1 Architecture SQL implementation of feature tables based on predefined data types 4 6.2 Architecture SQL with Geometry Types implementation of feature tables

10、7 7 Clause component specifications. 12 7.1 Components Implementation of feature tables based on predefined data types . 12 7.2 Components SQL with Geometry Types implementation of feature tables. 17 Annex A (informative) Comparison of Simple feature access/SQL and SQL/MM Spatial 31 Annex B (normati

11、ve) Conformance tests. 32 Copyright American National Standards Institute Provided by IHS under license with ANSI Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ISO 19125-2:2004(E) iv ISO 2004 All rights reservedForeword ISO (the International Organization for Sta

12、ndardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the righ

13、t to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International

14、Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an

15、 International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 1

16、9125-2 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 211, Geographic information/Geomatics from a base document supplied by the Open GIS Consortium, Inc. ISO 19125 consists of the following parts, under the general title Geographic information Simple feature access: Part 1: Common architecture Part 2:

17、SQL option Part 3: COM/OLE option is under preparation. Copyright American National Standards Institute Provided by IHS under license with ANSI Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ISO 19125-2:2004(E) ISO 2004 All rights reserved vIntroduction The purpos

18、e of this part of ISO 19125 is to define a standard Structured Query Language (SQL) schema that supports storage, retrieval, query and update of feature collections via the SQL Call-Level Interface (SQL/CLI) (ISO/IEC 9075-3:2003). A feature has both spatial and non-spatial attributes. Spatial attrib

19、utes are geometry valued, and simple features are based on 2D geometry with linear interpolation between vertices. This part of ISO 19125 is dependent on the common architectural components defined in ISO 19125-1. Feature collections are stored as tables with geometry valued columns in a SQL-impleme

20、ntation; each feature is a row in the table. The non-spatial attributes of features are mapped onto columns whose types are drawn from the set of standard SQL data types. The spatial attributes of features are mapped onto columns whose SQL data types are based on the underlying concept of additional

21、 geometric data types for SQL. A table whose rows represent these features is referred to as a feature table. Such a table contains one or more geometry valued columns. Feature-table schemas are described for two SQL-implementations: implementations based on predefined data types and SQL with Geomet

22、ry Types. In an implementation based on predefined data types, a geometry-valued column is implemented as a Foreign Key reference into a geometry table. A geometry value is stored using one or more rows in the geometry table. The geometry table may be implemented using either standard SQL numeric ty

23、pes or SQL binary types; schemas for both are described. The term SQL with Geometry Types is used to refer to a SQL-implementation that has been extended with a set of Geometry Types. In this environment, a geometry-valued column is implemented as a column whose SQL type is drawn from this set of Ge

24、ometry Types. The mechanism for extending the type system of an SQL-implementation is through the definition of user defined User Defined Types. Commercial SQL-implementations with user defined type support have been available since mid-1997. Copyright American National Standards Institute Provided

25、by IHS under license with ANSI Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-Copyright American National Standards Institute Provided by IHS under license with ANSI Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-AMERICAN NATION

26、AL STANDARD INCITS/ISO 19125-2-2004 ISO 2004 All rights reserved 1Geographic information Simple feature access Part 2: SQL option 1 Scope This part of ISO 19125 specifies an SQL schema that supports storage, retrieval, query and update of simple geospatial feature collections via the SQL Call Level

27、Interface (SQL/CLI) (ISO/IEC 9075-3:2003). This part of ISO 19125 establishes an architecture for the implementation of feature tables. This part of ISO 19125 defines terms to use within the architecture. This part of ISO 19125 defines a simple feature profile of ISO 19107. This part of ISO 19125 de

28、scribes a set of SQL Geometry Types together with SQL functions on those types. The Geometry Types and Functions described in this part of ISO 19125 represent a profile of ISO 13249-3. This part of ISO 19125 does not attempt to standardize and does not depend upon any part of the mechanism by which

29、Types are added and maintained in the SQL environment including the following: a) the syntax and functionality provided for defining types; b) the syntax and functionality provided for defining SQL functions; c) the physical storage of type instances in the database; d) specific terminology used to

30、refer to User Defined Types, for example, UDT. This part of ISO 19125 does standardize: names and geometric definitions of the SQL Types for Geometry; names, signatures and geometric definitions of the SQL Functions for Geometry. This part of ISO 19125 describes a feature access implementation in SQ

31、L based on a profile of ISO 19107. ISO 19107 does not place any requirements on how to define the Geometry Types in the internal schema. ISO 19107 does not place any requirements on when or how or who defines the Geometry Types. In particular, a compliant system may be shipped to the database user w

32、ith the set of Geometry Types and Functions already built into the SQL-implementation, or with the set of Geometry Types and Functions supplied to the database user as a dynamically loaded extension to the SQL-implementation or in any other manner not mentioned in this part of ISO 19125. Copyright A

33、merican National Standards Institute Provided by IHS under license with ANSI Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ISO 19125-2:2004(E) 2 ISO 2004 All rights reserved2 Conformance In order to conform to this part of ISO 19125, an implementation shall satis

34、fy the requirements of one of the following three conformance classes, as well as the appropriate components of ISO 19125-1: a) SQL implementation of feature tables based on predefined data types: 1) using numeric SQL types for geometry storage and SQL/CLI access, 2) using binary SQL types for geome

35、try storage and SQL/CLI access; b) SQL with Geometry Types implementation of feature tables supporting both textual and binary SQL/CLI access to geometry. Annex B provides conformance tests for each implementation of this part of ISO 19125. 3 Normative references The following referenced documents a

36、re indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO/IEC 9075-1:2003, Information technology Database languages SQL Part 1: Framework

37、(SQL/Framework) ISO/IEC 9075-2:2003, Information technology Database languages SQL Part 2: Foundation (SQL/Foundation) ISO/IEC 9075-3:2003, Information technology Database languages SQL Part 3: Call-Level Interface (SQL/CLI) ISO/IEC 9075-4:2003, Information technology Database languages SQL Part 4:

38、Persistent Stored Modules (SQL/PSM) ISO/IEC 9075-5:1999, Information technology Database languages SQL Part 5: Host Language Bindings (SQL/Bindings) ISO/IEC 13249-3:2003, Information technology Database languages SQL multimedia and application packages Part 3: Spatial ISO 19107:2003, Geographic info

39、rmation Spatial schema ISO 19109:1), Geographic information Rules for application schema ISO 19119:2004, Geographic information Services ISO 19125-1:2004, Geographic information Simple feature access Part 1: Common architecture 4 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this part of ISO 19125, the

40、following terms and definitions apply. 4.1 feature table table where the columns represent feature attributes, and the rows represent features 1) To be published. Copyright American National Standards Institute Provided by IHS under license with ANSI Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permi

41、tted without license from IHS-,-,-ISO 19125-2:2004(E) ISO 2004 All rights reserved 34.2 geographic feature representation of real world phenomenon associated with a location relative to the Earth 5 Symbols and abbreviated terms FID Feature ID column in the implementation of feature tables based on p

42、redefined data types GID Geometry ID column in the implementation of feature tables based on predefined data types MM Multimedia SQL Structured Query Language SRID Spatial Reference System Identifier SRTEXT Spatial Reference System Well Known Text WKB Well-Known Binary (representation for example, g

43、eometry) WKTR Well-Known Text Representation 2D 2-Dimensional 11-Dimensional space 22-Dimensional space empty set intersection union difference is a member of is not a member of is a proper subset of is a subset of if and only if implies for all X | set of X such that and or not = equal not equal gr

44、eater than Copyright American National Standards Institute Provided by IHS under license with ANSI Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ISO 19125-2:2004(E) 4 ISO 2004 All rights reserved6 Architecture 6.1 Architecture SQL implementation of feature tables

45、 based on predefined data types 6.1.1 Overview This part of ISO 19125 defines a schema for the management of feature table, Geometry, and Spatial Reference System information in an SQL-implementation based on predefined data types. This part of ISO 19125 does not define SQL functions for access, mai

46、ntenance, or indexing of Geometry in an SQL-implementation based on predefined data types. Figure 1 illustrates the schema to support feature tables, Geometry, and Spatial Reference Information in an SQL-implementation based on predefined data types. a) The GEOMETRY_COLUMNS table describes the avail

47、able feature tables and their Geometry properties. b) The SPATIAL_REF_SYS table describes the coordinate system and transformations for Geometry. c) The feature table stores a collection of features. A feature tables columns represent feature attributes, while rows represent individual features. The

48、 Geometry of a feature is one of its feature attributes; while logically a geometric data type, a Geometry Column is implemented as a foreign key to a geometry table. d) The geometry table stores geometric objects, and may be implemented using either standard SQL numeric types or SQL binary types. Figure 1 Schema for feature tables using predefined data types Depending upon the storage type specified by the GEOMETRY_COLUMNS table, a geometric object is stored