ANSI INCITS ISO IEC 2382-1-1993 Information technology - Vocabulary - Part 1 Fundamental terms.pdf

1、INTERNATIONAL STANDARD NORME INTERNATIONALE ISOAEC 2382-l Third edition Troisikme edition 1993-11-15 Information technology - Vocabulary - Fart 1: Fundamental terms Technologies de Iinformation - Vocabulaire - Partie 1: Termes fondamentaux Reference number Numbro de rbfkence ISO/IEC 2382-I:1993 (E/F

2、) Adopted by INCITS (InterNational Committee for Information Technology Standards) as an American National Standard.Date of ANSI Approval: 1/14/99Published by American National Standards Institute,25 West 43rd Street, New York, New York 10036Copyright 2002 by Information Technology Industry Council

3、(ITI).All rights reserved.These materials are subject to copyright claims of International Standardization Organization (ISO), InternationalElectrotechnical Commission (IEC), American National Standards Institute (ANSI), and Information Technology Industry Council(ITI). Not for resale. No part of th

4、is publication may be reproduced in any form, including an electronic retrieval system, withoutthe prior written permission of ITI. All requests pertaining to this standard should be submitted to ITI, 1250 Eye Street NW,Washington, DC 20005.Printed in the United States of AmericaISOAEC 2382-l : 1993

5、 (E/F) OISO/I EC Contents Page Foreword ._. . . _ ._ ._ ._, _. _. _. _ _ _ _ _ _ ._ ._ _ _. _, _. _. , _ . . ,_. ._. . _. iv Introduction . . . . . . _ . . . _. . vi Section 1: General 1 .I Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1.2 Normative references . . . _ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . _. 1 1.3 Principles and rules followed . . . . . . . . . . . . . _ ._._. 2 1.3.1 Definition of an entry . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7、 _. 2 d.3.2 Organization of an entry . . . . . . . . . . _._. 2 1.3.3 Classification of entries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1.3.4 Selection of terms and wording of definitions . . . _. 3 1.3.5 Multiple meanings .

8、_._._._ 3 1.3.6 Abbreviations. _ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1.3.7 Use of parentheses ,.,. . . . . . . . . . . . . . _. 3 1.3.8 Use of brackets ,_._._._. 4 1.3.9 Use of terms printed in italic typeface in definitions and the use o

9、f an asterisk 1.3.1 Cl Spelling . 1.3.11 Organization of the alphabetical index Section 2: Terms and definitions 01 Fundamental terms 01 .Ol General terms . 01.02 Information Representation 01.03 Hardware 01.04 Software 01.05 Programming 01.06 Applications and End User . 01.07 Computer Security 01.0

10、8 Data Management Figure 1 Alphabetical indexes English French 4 4 5 6 6 13 14 18 19 20 23 24 25 27 30 Q ISO/IEC 1993 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without pe

11、rmission in writing from the publisher./Droits de reproduction rkser-ks. Aucune partie de cette publication ne peut b) the term or the generally preferred term in the language. The absence of a generally preferred term for the concept in the language is indicated by a symbol consisting of five point

12、s (.); a row of dots may be used to indicate, in a term, a word to be chosen in a particular case; c) the preferred term in a particular country (identified according to the rules of IS0 3166); d) the abbreviation for the term; e) permitted synonymous term(s); f) the text of the definition (see 1.3.

13、4); g) one or more examples with the heading “Example(s)“; h) one or more notes specifying particular cases in the field of application of the concepts with the heading “NOTE(S)“; i) a picture, a diagram, or a table which could be common to several entries. 1.3 Principes d6tablissement et kgles suiv

14、ies 1.3.1 DBfinition de Iarticle La section 2 est composee dun certain nombre darticles. Chaque article est compos b) le terme, ou le terme prefer8 en general dans la langue. Labsence, dans une langue, de terme consacre ou a conseiller pour exprimer une notion est indiquee par un symbole consistant

15、en cinq points de suspension (.) ; les points de suspension peuvent dtre employ c) le terme preferi! dans un certain pays (identifie selon les regles de IISO 3166) ; d) Iabreviation pouvant etre employee a la place du terme ; e) le terme ou les termes admis comme synonymes ; f) le texte de la defini

16、tion (voir I .3.4) ; g) un ou plusieurs exemples precedes du titre ; h) une ou plusieurs notes precisant le domaine dapplication de la notion, precedees du titre ; i) une figure, un schema ou un tableau, pouvant Btre communs a plusieurs articles. 2 0 ISO/IEC ISOllEC 2382-l : 1993 (E/F) 1.3.3 Classif

17、ication of entries 1.3.3 Classification des articles A two-digit serial number is assigned to each part of this Chaque pat-tie de la pr6sente Norme internationale reGoit International Standard, beginning with 01 for “fundamental un num6ro dordre the first two digits being un numero dordre a quatre c

18、hiffres, les deux premiers those of the part of this International Standard. chiffres dtant ceux du num however, communication across the LAN boundary may be subject to some form of regulation. 01.01.46 rkeau local reseau local dentreprise RLE (abrkviation) RBseau dordinateurs situ6 dans un domaine

19、prive et g6ographiquement limit executing user-written or user-designated programs; performing user-designated manipulation of digitally represented discrete data, including arithmetic operations and logic operations; and executing programs that modify themselves during their execution. NOTE - In En

20、glish, in infonnafion processing, the term computer is often used to refer to a digital computer. 01.03.05 analog computer A computer whose operations are analogous to the behavior of another system and that accepts, processes, and produces analog data. 01.03.06 hybrid computer A computer that integ

21、rates analog computer components and digital computer components by interconnection of digital-to- analog converters and analog-to-digital converters. NOTE - A hybrid computer may use or produce analog data and discrete data. 01.03.07 peripheral equipment Any device that is controlled by and can com

22、municate with a particular computer. Example: Input-output units, external storage. 01 aO3.08 processor In a computer, a functional unit that interprets and executes instructions. NOTE - A processor consists of at least an instruction control unit and an arithmetic and logic unit. 01.03.03 calculate

23、ur Unit6 fonctionnelle qui est capable deffectuer des calculs importants, comportant de nombreuses op. dexkcuter des programmes Bcrits ou demand deffectuer 2 la demande de Iutilisateur des manipulations de donn.Ges discktes rep et dexkcuter des programmes se modifiant en tours dexkution. NOTE - En f

24、ranGais, le terme ordinateur est souvent utiliszTw:i Emulation is usually achieved by means of hardware or 01.06.02 emulation Utilisation dun sysf6me informafique pour imiter un autre systeme informatique de sorte que le systbme imitateur prenne en compte les mdmes donnees, execute les memes pmgramm

25、es et produise les memes resultats que le systeme imite. NOTE - LCmulation seffectue g dans dautres cas, eke se fait au moyen de systemes specialises. 01.06.16 microedition Bditique Publication assistke par ordinateur utilisant un micro- ordinateur. 01.06.17 courrier Blectronique Correspondance sous

26、 forme de messages, transmise entre tenninaux dutilisateur sur un rt+seau infonnatique. 01.06.18 base de connaissances BC (abreviation) Base de don&es contenant des regles dinfkence et des informations relatives a Iexperience et la competence humaines dans un domaine particulier. NOTE - Dans les systemes autodidactes, la base de connaissances contient aussi des informations provenant de la resolution de problemes anterieurs. 22