ANSI INCITS ISO IEC 2382-37-2012 Information technology - Vocabulary - Part 37 Biometrics.pdf

1、 INCITS/ISO/IEC 2382-37:2012 2013 ISO/IEC 2382-37:2012 Information technology Vocabulary Part 37: Biometrics INCITS/ISO/IEC 2382-37:2012 2013 PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobes licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but shall not be e

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4、bodies. In the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below. Adopted by INCITS (InterNational Committee for Information Technology Standards) as an American National Standard. Date of ANSI Approval: 4/3/2013 Published by Amer

5、ican National Standards Institute, 25 West 43rd Street, New York, New York 10036 Copyright 2013 by Information Technology Industry Council (ITI). All rights reserved. These materials are subject to copyright claims of International Standardization Organization (ISO), International Electrotechnical C

6、ommission (IEC), American National Standards Institute (ANSI), and Information Technology Industry Council (ITI). Not for resale. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, including an electronic retrieval system, without the prior written permission of ITI. All requests pertaining

7、to this standard should be submitted to ITI, 1250 Eye Street NW, Washington, DC 20005. Printed in the United States of America ii ITIC 2013 All rights reserved ISO/IEC 2382-37:2012(E) ISO/IEC 2012 All rights reserved iiiContents Page Foreword iv Introduction . v 1 Scope 1 2 Normative references 1 3

8、Biometric vocabulary 1 3.1 General concept terms 1 3.2 Biometric system terms 2 3.3 Terms for data in biometric systems . 3 3.4 Device terms 8 3.5 Functioning terms . 8 3.6 Interacting terms . 11 3.7 Personnel terms 13 3.8 Application terms 15 3.9 Performance terms 16 Bibliography 19 Alphabetical In

9、dex 20 ISO/IEC 2382-37:2012(E) iv ISO/IEC 2012 All rights reservedForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are members of ISO or IEC partic

10、ipate in the development of International Standards through technical committees established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical activity. ISO and IEC technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international organizations, governmental

11、 and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the work. In the field of information technology, ISO and IEC have established a joint technical committee, ISO/IEC JTC 1. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. T

12、he main task of the joint technical committee is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the joint technical committee are circulated to national bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the national bodies

13、 casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO and IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO/IEC 2382-37 was prepared by Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Inf

14、ormation technology, Subcommittee SC 37, Biometrics. ISO/IEC 2382 consists of a total of 37 parts, under the general title Information technology Vocabulary. ISO/IEC 2382-37:2012(E) ISO/IEC 2012 All rights reserved vIntroduction The main purpose of this part of ISO/IEC 2382 is to provide a systemati

15、c description of the concepts in the subject field of biometrics and to clarify the use of the terms in this subject field. The subject field of biometrics is broken down into sub-fields. This part of ISO/IEC 2382 is addressed to biometrics standardizers, and to users of these standards. Terms defin

16、ed in this document are to be understood in the subject field of biometrics. When terms exist in various subject fields, the current subject field may be indicated in angle brackets. Words in bold are defined in this document. Words that are not in bold are to be understood in their natural language

17、 sense. The authority for natural language use of terms in this document is the Concise Oxford English Dictionary (COD), Thumb Index Edition (tenth edition, revised, 2002). Words used in their natural language sense are considered out-of-scope for further definition in this document. EXAMPLE candida

18、te biometric reference identifier of a biometric reference in the biometric reference database determined to be similar to the biometric probe candidate a person who applies for a job or is nominated for election Note: When using terms defined with a qualifier (for example, “biometric xxx”), it shou

19、ld be normal to include the qualifier on the first occurrence of the term in every paragraph, but to omit it on subsequent occurrences of that term within the same paragraph. In broader contexts, where the qualifier (in this case, biometric) is clearly understood, then the qualifier might be omitted

20、 completely. The terms in this part of ISO/IEC 2382 are listed in a systematic order under a number of general headings. The layout follows the directions given in ISO 10241. Thus, the elements of an entry appear in the following order: Entry number (mandatory) Preferred term(s) (mandatory) Admitted

21、 term(s) (mandatory) Deprecated term(s) Definition Example(s) Note(s) To clarify in which grammatical context a term is defined the following indicators are used: (n) for a noun, (v) for a verb and (adj) for an adjective. The alphabetical index includes preferred and admitted terms. INTERNATIONAL ST

22、ANDARD ISO/IEC 2382-37:2012(E) ISO/IEC 2012 All rights reserved 1Information technology Vocabulary Part 37: Biometrics 1 Scope This part of ISO/IEC 2382 establishes a systematic description of the concepts in the field of biometrics pertaining to recognition of human beings and reconciles variant te

23、rms in use in pre-existing biometric standards against the preferred terms, thereby clarifying the use of terms in this field. Excluded from the scope of this document are concepts (represented by terms) from information technology, pattern recognition, biology, mathematics, etc. Biometrics uses suc

24、h fields of knowledge as a basis. In principle, mode specific terms are outside the scope of this part of ISO/IEC 2382. Words in bold are defined in this document. Words that are not in bold are to be understood in their natural language sense. The authority for natural language use of terms in this

25、 document is the Concise Oxford English Dictionary (COD), Thumb Index Edition (tenth edition, revised, 2002). Words used in their natural language sense are considered out-of-scope for further definition in this document. 2 Normative references There are no normative references. 3 Biometric vocabula

26、ry 3.1 General concept terms 37.01.01 biometric (adj) of or having to do with biometrics NOTE The use of biometric as a noun, to mean for example, biometric characteristic, is deprecated. EXAMPLE 1 Incorrect usage #1: ICAO resolved that face is the biometric most suited to the practicalities of trav

27、el documents. EXAMPLE 2 Correct usage #1: ICAO resolved that face recognition is the biometric mode most suited to the practicalities of travel documents. EXAMPLE 3 Incorrect usage #2: The biometric recorded in my passport is a facial image. EXAMPLE 4 Correct usage #2: The biometric characteristic r

28、ecorded in my passport is a facial image. ISO/IEC 2382-37:2012(E) 2 ISO/IEC 2012 All rights reserved37.01.02 biometric characteristic biometric (deprecated) biological and behavioural characteristic of an individual from which distinguishing, repeatable biometric features can be extracted for the pu

29、rpose of biometric recognition EXAMPLE Examples of biometric characteristics are: Galton ridge structure, face topography, facial skin texture, hand topography, finger topography, iris structure, vein structure of the hand, ridge structure of the palm, retinal pattern, handwritten signature dynamics

30、, etc. NOTE 1 Biological and behavioural characteristics are physical properties of body parts, physiological and behavioural processes created by the body and combinations of any of these. NOTE 2 Distinguishing does not necessarily imply individualization. 37.01.03 biometric recognition biometrics

31、automated recognition of individuals based on their biological and behavioural characteristics NOTE 1 In the field of biometrics (as defined in this document), “Individual“ is restricted in scope to refer only to humans. NOTE 2 The general meaning of biometrics encompasses counting, measuring and st

32、atistical analysis of any kind of data in the biological sciences including the relevant medical sciences. NOTE 3 Biometric recognition encompasses biometric verification and biometric identification. NOTE 4 Automated recognition implies that a machine based system is used for the recognition either

33、 for the full process or assisted by a human being. NOTE 5 Biological and behavioural characteristics cannot be completely separated which is why the definition uses and instead of and/or. For example, a fingerprint image results from the biological characteristics of the finger ridge patterns and t

34、he behavioural act of presenting the finger. NOTE 6 Use of authentication as a synonym for “biometric verification or biometric identification” is deprecated; the term biometric recognition is preferred. 3.2 Biometric system terms 37.02.01 biometric capture subsystem biometric capture device(s) and

35、any sub-processes required to execute a biometric capture process EXAMPLE In some systems, converting a signal from a biometric characteristic to a captured biometric sample may include multiple components such as a camera, photographic paper, printer, digital scanner, ink and paper. NOTE A biometri

36、c capture subsystem can consist of only a single biometric capture device. 37.02.02 biometric identification system system that aims to perform biometric identification 37.02.03 biometric system system for the purpose of the biometric recognition of individuals based on their behavioural and biologi

37、cal characteristics NOTE A biometric system will contain both biometric and non-biometric components. ISO/IEC 2382-37:2012(E) ISO/IEC 2012 All rights reserved 337.02.04 biometric verification system system that aims to perform biometric verification 37.02.05 mode combination of a biometric character

38、istic type, a sensor type and a processing method NOTE 1 The processing algorithm may contain multiple methods, details of which may not be externally apparent. Thus a biometric system is considered as using one processing method, until it is otherwise specified. NOTE 2 Determining what constitutes

39、a single type of sensor, processing method or biometric characteristic will depend on convention. For example, current convention is that images of ridge patterns from both thumbs and fingers constitute a single biometric characteristic type, i.e., fingerprints. With respect to sensors, infrared and

40、 optical bandwidth sensors are considered different types, but optical bandwidth sensors are considered a single type despite imaging red, green and blue bandwidths. 37.02.06 multi-modal multiple in at least 2 out of 3 constituents of a mode in a single biometric system NOTE Multiple implies differe

41、nce in type. 3.3 Terms for data in biometric systems 37.03.01 anonymized biometric data record biometric data record purposely disassociated from individual metadata NOTE The biometric data within the biometric data record ultimately remains attributable to an individual. 37.03.02 biometric applicat

42、ion database database of biometric data and associated metadata developed from and supporting the operation of a biometric application NOTE 1 The metadata may include transaction history; authorisations (e.g. age) of biometric data subjects; and archived biometric data. NOTE 2 The term application i

43、ncludes the policies that govern the operation of the system and evidence of that operation. 37.03.03 biometric application decision decision to perform an action at the application level based on the results of a biometric process NOTE 1 The application decision may include more than a comparison p

44、rocess. For example, a biometric capture process may show that there are no characteristics to capture and a decision can be made on this before any biometrics are compared. NOTE 2 Biometric application decisions can be made on the basis of complex policies involving both biometric and non-biometric

45、 data. 37.03.04 biometric candidate biometric reference identifier of a biometric reference in the biometric reference database determined to be sufficiently similar to the biometric probe to warrant further analysis ISO/IEC 2382-37:2012(E) 4 ISO/IEC 2012 All rights reserved37.03.05 biometric candid

46、ate list set of zero, one or more biometric candidates that may be intermediate or final NOTE 1 Intermediate biometric candidate lists may be produced by systems that use multi-pass biometric identification. NOTE 2 Biometric candidate lists may or may not be ordered. 37.03.06 biometric data biometri

47、c sample or aggregation of biometric samples at any stage of processing, e.g. biometric reference, biometric probe, biometric feature or biometric property NOTE Biometric data need not be attributable to a specific individual, e.g. Universal Background Models. 37.03.07 biometric database database of

48、 biometric data record(s) 37.03.08 biometric data record data record containing biometric data NOTE A biometric data record may include non-biometric data. 37.03.09 biometric enrolment database database of biometric enrolment data record(s) NOTE 1 A database of biometric data not attributable to bio

49、metric data subjects is a biometric database, but not a biometric enrolment database. e.g. a universal background model. NOTE 2 The biometric enrolment database may or may not contain the biometric reference database. Separation of the databases may be required due to security, privacy, legislation, architecture, performance, etc. NOTE 3 A single biometric reference (e.g. a fingerprint on a storage card) may be cons