ANSI INCITS ISO IEC 2382-5-1999 Information technology - Vocabulary - Part 5 Representation of data.pdf

1、INCITS/ISO/IEC 2382-5:19992009 (ISO/IEC 2382-5:1999, IDT) Information technology Vocabulary Part 5: Representationof dataINCITS/ISO/IEC 2382-5:19992009(ISO/IEC 2382-5:1999, IDT)INCITS/ISO/IEC 2382-5:19992009 ii ITIC 2009 All rights reserved PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces

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3、 Adobes licensing policy. The ISO Central Secretariat accepts no liability in this area. Adobe is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated. Details of the software products used to create this PDF file can be found in the General Info relative to the file; the PDF-creation parameters were optimized

4、 for printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below. Adopted by INCITS (InterNational Committee for Information Techno

5、logy Standards) as an American National Standard. Date of ANSI Approval: 3/23/2009 Published by American National Standards Institute, 25 West 43rd Street, New York, New York 10036 Copyright 2009 by Information Technology Industry Council (ITI). All rights reserved. These materials are subject to co

6、pyright claims of International Standardization Organization (ISO), International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), American National Standards Institute (ANSI), and Information Technology Industry Council (ITI). Not for resale. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, including a

7、n electronic retrieval system, without the prior written permission of ITI. All requests pertaining to this standard should be submitted to ITI, 1250 Eye Street NW, Washington, DC 20005. Printed in the United States of America iiiContentsPageForewordvIntroduction.viiSection 1: General1.1 Scope11.2 N

8、ormative references11.3 Principles and rules followed 21.3.1 Definition of an entry21.3.2 Organization of an entry.21.3.3 Classification of entries31.3.4 Selection of terms and wording of definitions31.3.5 Multiple meanings31.3.6 Abbreviations.31.3.7 Use of parentheses31.3.8 Use of brackets41.3.9 Us

9、e of terms printed in italic typeface in definitions and the useof an asterisk .41.3.10 Spelling41.3.11 Organization of the alphabetical index.4Section 2: Terms and definitions05 Representation of data 505.01 Types of data representation.505.02 Literals.705.03 Numeration systems General concepts805.

10、04 Positional representation systems.905.05 Floating-point representation system.1205.06 Notations for the representation of discrete data.1305.07 Notations for the representation of decimal digits1405.08 Complements.15Alphabetical indexesEnglish17French20INCITS/ISO/IEC 2382-5:19992009 ITIC 2009 All

11、 rights reservedivSommairePageAvant-proposviIntroduction.viiiSection 1: Gnralits1.1 Domaine dapplication.11.2 Rfrences normatives .11.3 Principes dtablissement et rgles suivies.21.3.1 Dfinition de larticle 21.3.2 Constitution dun article.21.3.3 Classification des articles31.3.4 Choix des termes et d

12、es dfinitions.31.3.5 Pluralit de sens ou polysmie31.3.6 Abrviations.31.3.7 Emploi des parenthses31.3.8 Emploi des crochets41.3.9 Emploi dans les dfinitions de termes imprims en caractresitaliques et de lastrisque.41.3.10 Mode dcriture et orthographe41.3.11 Constitution de lindex alphabtique4Section

13、2: Termes et dfinitions05 Reprsentation des donnes.505.01 Types de reprsentation des donnes505.02 Littraux.705.03 Systmes de numration Notions gnrales805.04 Numrations pondres905.05 Numration sparation flottante .1205.06 Notations pour la reprsentation de donnes discrtes1305.07 Notations pour la rep

14、rsentation des chiffres dcimaux1405.08 Complments 15Index alphabtiquesAnglais .17Franais .20INCITS/ISO/IEC 2382-5:19992009 ITIC 2009 All rights reservedvForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the InternationalElectrotechnical Commission) form the specialized system

15、 for worldwide standardization.National bodies that are members of ISO or IEC participate in the development of InternationalStandards through technical committees established by the respective organization to deal withparticular fields of technical activity. ISO and IEC technical committees collabo

16、rate in fields ofmutual interest. Other international organizations, governmental and non-governmental, inliaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the work.International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IECDirectives, Part 3.In the field of information technolog

17、y, ISO and IEC have established a joint technicalcommittee, ISO/IEC JTC 1. Draft International Standards adopted by the joint technicalcommittee are circulated to national bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standardrequires approval by at least 75 % of the national bodies casting a v

18、ote.International Standard ISO/IEC 2382-5 was prepared by Joint Technical CommitteeISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology, Subcommittee SC 1, Vocabulary.This first edition cancels and replaces ISO 2382-5:1989, which has been technically revised.ISO/IEC 2382 will consist of some 37 parts, under the ge

19、neral title Information technology Vocabulary.INCITS/ISO/IEC 2382-5:19992009 ITIC 2009 All rights reservedviAvant-proposLISO (Organisation internationale de normalisation) et la CEI (Commission lectrotechniqueinternationale) forment le systme spcialis de la normalisation mondiale. Les organismesnati

20、onaux membres de lISO ou de la CEI participent au dveloppement de Normesinternationales par lintermdiaire des comits techniques crs par lorganisation concerneafin de soccuper des domaines particuliers de lactivit technique. Les comits techniques delISO et de la CEI collaborent dans des domaines dint

21、rt commun. Dautres organisationsinternationales, gouvernementales et non gouvernementales, en liaison avec lISO et la CEIparticipent galement aux travaux.Les Normes internationales sont rdiges conformment aux rgles donnes dans lesDirectives ISO/CEI, Partie 3.Dans le domaine des technologies de linfo

22、rmation, lISO et la CEI ont cr un comittechnique mixte, lISO/CEI JTC 1. Les projets de Normes internationales adopts par le comittechnique mixte sont soumis aux organismes nationaux pour vote. Leur publication commeNormes internationales requiert lapprobation de 75 % au moins des organismes nationau

23、xvotants.La Norme internationale ISO/CEI 2382-5 a t labore par le comit technique mixteISO/CEI JTC 1, Technologies de linformation, sous-comit SC 1, Vocabulaire.Cette premire dition annule et remplace lISO 2382-5:1989, dont elle constitue une rvisiontechnique.LISO/CEI 2382 comprendra environ 37 part

24、ies, prsentes sous le titre gnral Technologiesde linformation Vocabulaire.INCITS/ISO/IEC 2382-5:19992009 ITIC 2009 All rights reservedviiIntroductionInformation technology gives rise to numerous international exchanges of both an intellectualand a material nature. These exchanges often become diffic

25、ult, either because of the greatvariety of terms used in various fields or languages to express the same concept, or because ofthe absence or imprecision of the definitions of useful concepts.To avoid misunderstandings and to facilitate such exchanges it is essential to clarify theconcepts, to selec

26、t terms to be used in various languages or in various countries to express thesame concept, and to establish definitions providing satisfactory equivalents for the variousterms in different languages.ISO 2382 was initially based mainly on the usage to be found in the Vocabulary of InformationProcess

27、ing which was established and published by the International Federation for InformationProcessing and the International Computation Centre, and in the American National Dictionaryfor Information Processing Systems and its earlier editions published by the American NationalStandards Institute (former

28、ly known as the American Standards Association). Published andDraft International Standards relating to information technology of other internationalorganizations (such as the International Telecommunication Union and the InternationalElectrotechnical Commission) as well as published and draft natio

29、nal standards have also beenconsidered.The purpose of ISO/IEC 2382 is to provide definitions that are rigorous, uncomplicated andwhich can be understood by all concerned. The scope of each concept defined has beenchosen to provide a definition that is suitable for general application. In those circu

30、mstances,where a restricted application is concerned, the definition may need to be more specific.However, while it is possible to maintain the self-consistency of individual parts, the reader iswarned that the dynamics of language and the problems associated with the standardizationand maintenance

31、of vocabularies may introduce duplications and inconsistencies among parts.INCITS/ISO/IEC 2382-5:19992009 ITIC 2009 All rights reservedviiiIntroductionLes technologies de linformation sont lorigine de multiples changes intellectuels etmatriels sur le plan international. Ceux-ci souffrent souvent de

32、difficults provoques par ladiversit des termes utiliss pour exprimer la mme notion dans des langues ou des domainesdiffrents, ou encore de labsence ou de limprcision des dfinitions pour les notions les plusutiles.Pour viter des malentendus et faciliter de tels changes, il parat essentiel de prciser

33、lesnotions, de choisir les termes employer dans les diffrentes langues et dans les divers payspour exprimer la mme notion, et dtablir pour ces termes des dfinitions quivalentes danschaque langue.LISO 2382 a t base lorigine principalement sur lusage tel quil a t relev, dune part,dans le Vocabulary of

34、 Information Processing tabli et publi par lInternational Federation forInformation Processing et le Centre international de calcul et, dautre part, dans lAmericanNational Dictionary for Information Processing Systems y compris ses ditions prcdentespublies par lAmerican National Standards Institute

35、(connu auparavant sous lappellationdAmerican Standards Association). Les Normes internationales publies ou au stade deprojets concernant les technologies de linformation manant dautres organisationsinternationales (telles que lUnion internationale des tlcommunications et la Commissionlectrotechnique

36、 internationale) ainsi que les normes nationales publies ou au stade deprojets, ont galement t prises en compte.Le but de lISO/CEI 2382 est de procurer des dfinitions rigoureuses, simples etcomprhensibles pour tous les intresss. La porte de chaque notion a t choisie de faonque sa dfinition puisse av

37、oir la valeur la plus gnrale. Cependant, il est parfois ncessaire derestreindre une notion un domaine plus troit et de lui donner alors une dfinition plusspcifique.Dautre part, si lon peut assurer la cohrence interne de chaque partie prise individuellement,la cohrence des diverses parties entre elle

38、s est plus difficile atteindre. Le lecteur ne doit passen tonner : la dynamique des langues et les problmes de ltablissement et de la rvisiondes normes de vocabulaire peuvent tre lorigine de quelques rptitions ou contradictionsentre des parties qui ne sont pas toutes prpares et publies simultanment.

39、INCITS/ISO/IEC 2382-5:19992009 ITIC 2009 All rights reservedAMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD INCITS/ISO/IEC 2382-5:199920091Information technology Vocabulary Technologies delinformation Vocabulaire Part 5:Representation of dataPartie 5:Reprsentation desdonnesSection 1: General Section 1: Gnralits1.1 Scope

40、 1.1 Domaine dapplicationThis part of ISO/IEC 2382 is intended to facilitateinternational communication in information technology. Itpresents, in two languages, terms and definitions ofselected concepts relevant to the field of informationtechnology and identifies relationships among the entries.La

41、prsente partie de lISO/CEI 2382 a pour objet defaciliter les changes internationaux dans le domaine destechnologies de linformation. cet effet, elle prsente unensemble bilingue de termes et de dfinitions ayant trait des notions choisies dans ce domaine, et dfinit lesrelations pouvant exister entre l

42、es diffrentes notions.In order to facilitate their translation into other languages,the definitions are drafted so as to avoid, as far as possible,any peculiarity attached to a language.Les dfinitions ont t tablies de manire viter lesparticularismes propres une langue donne, en vue defaciliter leur

43、transposition dans les langues autres quecelles ayant servi la rdaction initiale.This part of ISO/IEC 2382 defines concepts related to therepresentation of data, including types of representation,literals, numeration systems and notation.La prsente partie de lISO/CEI 2382 dfinit les diffrentesnotion

44、s relatives la reprsentation des donnes, ycompris les types de reprsentation, les littraux, lessystmes de numration, et les notations.1.2 Normative references 1.2 Rfrences normativesThe following normative documents contain provisionswhich, through reference in this text, constitute provisions ofthi

45、s part of ISO/IEC 2382. For dated references,subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of thesepublications do not apply. However, parties to agreementsbased on this part of ISO/IEC 2382 are encouraged toinvestigate the possibility of applying the most recenteditions of the normative documents

46、indicated below. Forundated references, the latest edition of the normativedocument referred to applies. Members of ISO and IECmaintain registers of currently valid International Standards.Les documents normatifs suivants contiennent desdispositions qui, par suite de la rfrence qui y est faite,const

47、ituent des dispositions valables pour la prsente partiede lISO/CEI 2382. Pour les rfrences dates, lesamendements ultrieurs ou les rvisions de cespublications ne sappliquent pas. Toutefois, les partiesprenantes aux accords fonds sur la prsente partie delISO/CEI 2382 sont invites rechercher la possibi

48、litdappliquer les ditions les plus rcentes des documentsnormatifs indiqus ci-aprs. Pour les rfrences nondates, la dernire dition du document normatif enrfrence sapplique. Les membres de lISO et de la CEIpossdent le registre des Normes internationales envigueur.ISO 639:1988, Code for the representation of names oflanguages.ISO 639:1988, Code pour la reprsentation des noms delangue.ISO 1087:1990, Terminology Vocabulary. ISO 1087:1990, Terminologie Vocabulaire. ITIC 2009 All rights reserved2 1.3 Principles and rules followed 1