ANSI INCITS ISO IEC 2382-9-1995 Information technology - Vocabulary - Part 9 Data communication.pdf

1、INTERNATIONAL STANDARD NORME INTERNATIONALE ISOIIEC 2382-9 Second edition Deuxikme Edition 1995-1 l-01 Information technology - Vocabulary - Part 9: Data communication Technologies de Iinformation - Vocabulaire - Partie 9: Communication de donnbes Reference number Numkro de r6fkence ISO/IEC 2382-9:1

2、995(E/F) Adopted by INCITS (InterNational Committee for Information Technology Standards) as an American National Standard.Date of ANSI Approval: 1/13/99Published by American National Standards Institute,25 West 43rd Street, New York, New York 10036Copyright 2002 by Information Technology Industry C

3、ouncil (ITI).All rights reserved.These materials are subject to copyright claims of International Standardization Organization (ISO), InternationalElectrotechnical Commission (IEC), American National Standards Institute (ANSI), and Information Technology Industry Council(ITI). Not for resale. No par

4、t of this publication may be reproduced in any form, including an electronic retrieval system, withoutthe prior written permission of ITI. All requests pertaining to this standard should be submitted to ITI, 1250 Eye Street NW,Washington, DC 20005.Printed in the United States of AmericaISOAEC 2382-9

5、:1995(E/F) Contents Page Foreword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . _- iv Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . _._._._._ vi Section I: General I.1 Scope . 1.2 Normative references . I.3 Principles and rules followed I .3.1 Definition of an entry . 1.3.2 Organization of an entry

6、 I .3.3 Classification of entries . 1.3.4 Selection of terms and wording of definitions . 1.3.5 Multiple meanings . 1.3.6 Abbreviations 1.3.7 Use of parentheses . 1.3.8 Use of brackets . 1.3.9 Use of terms printed in italic typeface in definitions and the use of an asterisk . 1.3.10 Spelling . 1.3.1

7、1 Organization of the alphabetical index 1 1 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 Section 2: Terms and definitions 09 Data communication 6 09.01 General . 6 09.02 Signals 6 09.03 Transmission - General Terms 8 09.04 Transmission facilities . 10 09.05 Transmission techniques 1 1 09.06 Data link 15 09.07 Data netw

8、ork . 21 09.08 User facilities . 24 Figure 1 . 28 Figure 2 . 29 Figure 3 . 30 Figure 4 . 31 Figure 5 . 32 Figure 6 . 33 Alphabetical indexes English _._._._._._._._.,.,., 34 French . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . _ 38 Q

9、ISO/IEC 1995 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from the publisher./Droits de reproduction r6servcs. Sauf

10、 prescription differente, aucune pat-tie de cette publication ne peut i%re reproduite ni utilisee sous quelque forme que ce soit et par aucun pro Chaque article contient des Mments essentiels definis en 1.3.1 et, si necessaire, des elements supplementaires. Larticle peut done comprendre dans Iordre

11、les oldments suivants : a) un numero de reference (le meme, quelle que soit la langue de publication de la presente partie de IISO/CEI 2382); b) the term or the generally preferred term in the language. The absence of a generally preferred term for the concept in the language is indicated by a symbo

12、l consisting of five points (.); a row of dots may be used to indicate, in a term, a word to be chosen in each particular case; b) le terme, ou le terme prefork en g les points de suspension peuvent etre employ c) the preferred term in a particular country (identified according to the rules of IS0 3

13、166); d) the abbreviation for the term; c) le terme prefer dans un certain pays (identifie selon les regles de IISO 3166); d) IabrtSviation pouvant etre employee a la place du terme; e) permitted synonymous term(s): f) the text of the definition (see 1.3.4); g) one or more examples with the heading

14、“Example(s)“; h) one or more notes specifying particular cases in the field of application of the concepts with the heading “NOTE(S)“; i) a picture, a diagram, or a table which could be common to several entries. e) le terme ou les termes admis comme synonymes; f) le texte de la definition (voir 1.3

15、.4); g) un ou plusieurs exemples precedes du titre Gxempie(s) ; h) une ou plusieurs notes precisant le domaine dapplication de la notion, prkedees du titre , alors que certains spkialistes des t6l6communications pGf Ti is the significant interval for the i-th channel expressed in seconds; pli is the

16、 predefined number of significant conditions in the i-th channel. 09.05.17 debit binaire Vitesse Ti est Iintefvalle significatif en secondes sur la voie i; ni est le nombre predbfini d il peut aussi comprendre un dispositif semblable e un ETCD, aupres du centre de commutation ou du concentrateur. 3

17、Voir figure 4. 15 lSO/lEC 2382-9:1995(E/F) lSO/lEC 09.06.03 line transmission line A physical transmission medium. NOTES 1 The line is the portion of a data circuit external to the data circuit-terminating equipment and to the data switching exchange. 2 See figure 4. 09.06.04 protocol A set of rules

18、 that determines the behavior of func- tional units in achieving communication. 09.06.05 character-oriented protocol A data link *protocol in which both user data and data link control functions are coded as specific characters. Example: A basic mode /ink control protocol. 09.06.06 bit-oriented prot

19、ocol A data /ink protocol in which data-link control func- tions are specified in particular positions of the frame, allowing user data to be transferred as a transparent sequence of bits. Example: The high-level data link control protocol. 09.06.07 data circuit transparency The capability of a data

20、 circuit to transfer all data without changing the data content or data structure. 09.06.08 frame (in data communication) transmission frame A data structure that consists of fields, predeter- mined by a protocol, for the transmission of user data and control data. NOTES 7 The composition of a frame

21、, especially the number and types of fields, may vary according to the type of protocol. 2 See figure 5. 09.06.09 information bit A bit used for the representation of user data, rather than for control purposes. 09.06.03 ligne ligne de transmission Support de transmission materiel. NOTES 1 La ligne

22、est la partie dun circuit de don a time-out condition can be cancelled by the receipt of an appropriate time-out cancellation signal. 09.06.29 recovery In data transmission, a process for resolving con- flicting or erroneous conditions arising during the transfer of data. 09.06.30 basic mode link co

23、ntrol Control of data links by means of a character- oriented protocol using the standardized control characters of the 7-bit coded character set for infor- mation interchange. 09.06.31 high-level data link control HDLC (abbreviation) Control of data links by means of a bit-oriented protocol using t

24、he frame structure defined in ISOllEC 3309 for information interchange. 09.06.32 data station A functional unit that provides data for transmission, that accepts transmitted data, and that performs all functions necessary for communication with another functional unit. NOTE - See figure 4. 09.06.33

25、data terminal equipment DTE (abbreviation) That part of a data station that serves as a data source, a data sink, or both. NOTES 1 The DTE may be connected directly to a compofer, or may be part of it. 2 See figure 4. 09.06.27 interrogation demande didentification Question posbe par une stafion mait

26、nxse pour demander A une station asset-vie son identitk ou son un however, communication across the LAN boundary may be subject to some form of regulation. 2 See also 25.01 .Ol. 09.07.10 metropolitan area network MAN (abbreviation) A network for connecting local area networks located in the same urb

27、an area. NOTE - A MAN generally operates at a higher speed than the networks interconnected, crosses administrative boundaries, and supports several access methods. 09.07.11 wide area network WAN (abbreviation) A network that provides communication services to a geographic area larger than that serv

28、ed by a local area network or a metropolitan area network. 09.07.12 integrated services digital network ISDN (abbreviation) A network that provides or supports a range of different telecommunication services, using digital connections between user-network interfaces. NOTE - Examples of these service

29、s are telephony, data transmission, *electronic mail, *fax, and video. 09.07.13 store-and-forward A mode of operation of a data network in which data are temporarily stored before they are retransmitted toward the destination. 09.07.07 diffusion sdlective Emission des mQmes don par contre, les commu

30、nications franchissant les limites du r&eau peuvent etre soumises ti des Gglementations extbrieures. 2 Voir aussi 25.01 .Ol 09.07.10 rrheau m6tropolitain MAN (abreviation) RBseau dont le but est de rbunir des rkseaux locaux situ& dans une m&me agglom&ation urbaine. NOTE - Un r&eau m&ropolitain fonct

31、ionne g&alement a des vitesses plus 6lev6es que les rbseaux qui y sont connect&, traverse des limites administratives et peut utiliser plusieurs methodes dacc&. 09.07.11 rbeau g&al rbeau longue distance /CA/ RBseau fournissant des services de tbl&ommu- nications g une zone gbographique plus grande q

32、ue celle couverte par un rbseau local ou un r&seau mbtropolitain. 09.07.12 r-beau numhique in integration de services RNIS (abrbviation) Rbseau qui fournit ou supporte un ensemble de services de tGcommunication au moyen de connexions numbriques entre les interfaces usager- r6seau. NOTE - Comme exemp

33、les de ces set-vices on peut titer : la t&phonie, la transmission de don&es et de signaux vidbo, le courfier Blectronique et la t&copie. 09.07.13 stockage et retransmission enregistrement et retransmission Mode de fonctionnement dun r&eau de don&es dans lequel des donnees sont provisoirement stock&e

34、s avant d&re retransmises vers leur destination. 22 OISOAEC ISOAEC 2382-9:1995( E/F) 09.07.14 data switching exchange DSE (abbreviation) The equipment installed at a single location to perform switching functions between data circuits. 09.07.15 switching The process of temporarily associating functi

35、onal units, *transmission channels, or telecommunication circuits for providing a connection. Examples - Circuit switching, *message switching, *packet swifching. 09.07.16 circuit switching A process that, on demand, connects two or more data terminal equipment and permits the exclusive use of a dat

36、a circuit between them until the connecfion is released. 09.07.17 message switching In a data network, the process of routing messages by receiving, sfonng as necessary, and forwarding complete messages. 09.07.18 packet A sequence of bits arranged in a specific fonnaf, containing control data and po

37、ssibly user data, and that is transmitted and switched as a whole. 09.07.19 packet switching In a data network, the process of routing and transferring *data by means of addressed packets so that, between two nodes, each transmission channel is allocated dynamically to packets having different addre

38、sses. 09.07.20 packet sequencing A process of ensuring that packets are delivered to the receiving data terminal equipment (DTE) in the same order as they were submitted by the sending DTE. 09.07.21 packet transfer mode A method of dafa transfer, by means of packet transmission and packet switching,

39、 that permits dynamic sharing of network resources among many connections. 09.07.14 centre de commutation de donnees Ensemble des appareils install&s dans un meme lieu pour assurer des fonctions de commufafion entre des circuits de don&es. 09.07.15 commutation Action dassocier temporairement des uni

40、tes fonc- fionnelles, des voies de transmission ou des circuits de tel&communication en vue detablir une con- nexion. Exemples - Commutation de circuits, *commufafion de messages, *commutation de paquefs. 09.07.16 commutation de circuits ctablissement, a la demande, dune liaison entre plusieurs ferm

41、inaux de don&es leur permettant Iutilisation exclusive dun circuit de don&es jusqua sa liberation. 09.07.17 commutation de messages Dans un r6seau de don&es, processus dachemine- ment de messages, par reception, mise en memoire si necessaire et retransmission de messages complets. 09.07.18 paquet Su

42、ite de bits comportant des don&es de service et eventuellement des donnees de Iutilisateur, disposes selon un format particulier et emis et commutes comme un tout. 09.07.19 commutation de paquets commutation par paquets Dans un reseau de don&es, acheminement de don&es sous forme de paquefs munis dun

43、e adresse de sorte que, entre deux ncauds, chaque voie de transmission puisse Qtre affectee de facon dynamique a des paquets destines a des adresses differentes. 09.07.20 ordonnancement des paquets remise en ordre des paquets Processus qui assure la remise des paquefs A lequipemenf fenninal de traifemenf de donnees (ETTD) recepteur dans Iordre ou ils ont et6 envoy&s par IETTD emetteur. 09.07.21 mode de transmission par paquets Methode de transfert de don&es par transmission et commutation de paquefs qui permet le partage dynamique des ressources du rbseau entre de nombreuses connexions. 23