ANSI INFOCOMM A102.01-2017 Audio Coverage Uniformity in Listener Areas.pdf

1、ANSI/INFOCOMM A102.01:2017 Revision of ANSI/INFOCOMM 1M-2009InfoComm International StandardAudio Coverage Uniformity in Listener Areas11242 Waples Mill Road, Suite 200Fairfax, VA 22030infocomm.org+1.703.273.72001.800.659.7469+1.703.278.8082 faxApproved as an ANS 2017-04-11Page i ANSI/INFOCOMM A102.0

2、1:2017 Audio Coverage Uniformity in Listener Areas 2017-04-11 SUPERCEDES ANSI/INFOCOMM 1M-2009 2009-11-08 ICS: 33.160.01 Abstract This Standard provides a procedure to measure and classify the uniformity of early arriving sound from a sound system across a listener area. Keywords ACU; audio coverage

3、 uniformity; audio system; early arriving sound; listener area; sound pressure level; sound system; spatial coverage; uniformity Disclaimer The application of this Standard is strictly voluntary. InfoComm International recommends its use but does not assume responsibility for misinterpretation or mi

4、sapplication. InfoComm International does not assume liability for disputes resulting from the non-conformance to this standard. Conformance does not imply certification of a system. Copyright 2017 by InfoComm International. This Standard may not be reproduced in whole or in part in any form for sal

5、e, promotion, or any commercial purpose, or any purpose not falling within the provisions of the U.S. Copyright Act of 1976, without prior written permission of the publisher. For permission, address a request to the Director of Standards, InfoComm International. ISBN: 978-0-939718-39-9 ANSI/INFOCOM

6、M A102.01:2017 Audio Coverage Uniformity in Listener Areas InfoComm International 2017 Page ii Foreword The performance of a sound system can be characterized by several factors including uniformity of coverage, tonal balance and consistency, gain before feedback, and maximum sound pressure level. T

7、his Standard focuses on the uniformity of coverage of a sound systems early arriving energy to listener area. An ideal sound system design allows all listeners to hear reproduced content at approximately the same sound pressure level independent of the listeners position in a designated listener are

8、a. This performance Standard provides a procedure to measure and a means to classify the uniformity of coverage. InfoComm International Standards Developers At the time of this Standards development, contributors names and affiliations are as shown: Audio Coverage Uniformity in Listener Areas Task G

9、roup Thom Mullins, CTS, Affiliated Engineers, Inc., Moderator Ben Boeshans, CTS-D, Idibri James Colquhoun, CTS-D, CTS-I, Avidex Industries LLC. Alec Graham, CTS-D, CTS-I Citadel Group Kenneth Kruse, Audability, Inc. Ashish Bajaj, Harman International Evan Hooton, MUSIC Group InfoComm International S

10、tandards Steering Committee Jason Brameld, BSc (Hons) ARCS, MInstSCE, Torpedo Factory Group, Chair Jason Antinori, CTS-D, TELUS Collaboration Services John Bailey, CTS-D, CTS-I, Whitlock Greg Bronson, CTS-D, DMC-E, Cornell University Ithaca John Monitto, CTS, Meyer Sound Richard Morrison, BE (Comput

11、er Systems), Prince2, CPEng, CTS, AECOM Thom Mullins, CTS, Affiliated Engineers, Inc. Don Palmer, Administrative Office of the United States Courts Jim Smith, CTS-D, Polycom InfoComm International Staff Ann Brigida, CTS, CStd, Director of Standards Michelle Streffon, CTS, AStd, Standards Manager Pag

12、e Mori, Standards Developer Catalina Vallejos, Standards Resources Coordinator Page 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Scope, Purpose, and Application 4 1.1. Scope . 4 1.2. Purpose 4 1.3. Application 4 1.4. Exceptions 4 2. Referenced Publications . 5 2.1. Normative References 5 2.2. Informative References 5 3.

13、Definitions . 6 3.1. Acronyms 6 3.2. Definitions . 6 4. Requirements 8 4.1. Sound System Prerequisites 8 4.2. Measurement Software and Tools . 8 4.3. Audio Coverage Uniformity Measurement Procedure 8 4.4. Establishing Measurement Locations for Distributed Systems 9 4.5. Measurement Requirements for

14、Point-source Systems 11 4.6. Measurement Sequence 15 4.7. Reporting 16 4.8. Performance Classification . 17 5. Annexes 18 5.1. Early Arriving Energy and the 50 Millisecond Window (Informative Annex) 18 5.2. ACU Process Map (Normative Annex) . 19 5.3. Sample Form for Site Measurement and Reporting (I

15、nformative Annex) 20 5.4. Justifications for Measurement Locations (Informative Annex) . 22 5.5. Band Limit Extensions (Informative Annex) . 23 5.6. Performance Classification:Coverage envelope descriptions (Informative Annex) . 24 5.7. Table of Figures 26 5.8. Bibliography 27 ANSI/INFOCOMM A102.01:

16、2017 Audio Coverage Uniformity in Listener Areas InfoComm International 2017 Page 4 1. SCOPE, PURPOSE, AND APPLICATION 1.1. Scope 1.1.1. This Standard defines parameters for characterizing a sound systems coverage of defined listener areas. It provides performance classifications and measurement pro

17、cedures to assess the uniformity of coverage of a sound systems early arriving sound, with the goal of achieving consistent sound pressure levels throughout defined listener areas. 1.1.2. The procedure associated with this Standard is one of many verifications of the deployment and performance of a

18、sound system. This Standard specifically excludes testing or measuring for spectral balance, gain before feedback, maximum sound pressure level, and other parameters required to assess the total performance of a sound system. 1.2. Purpose 1.2.1. The purpose of this performance Standard is to establi

19、sh a method by which an audio systems coverage can be assessed and classified. This is accomplished by measuring the uniformity of coverage of the early arriving sound from the loudspeaker system(s) throughout the designated listener area(s). 1.3. Application 1.3.1. The procedures described in this

20、Standard are to be applied to sound reinforcement and audiovisual (AV) presentation systems. These systems are implemented in a variety of applications, including conference rooms, training rooms, classrooms, auditoria, theatres, houses of worship, and other venues where sound reinforcement is emplo

21、yed. Additionally, the metrics and classifications in this Standard may be used to establish design criteria for new systems. 1.4. Exceptions 1.4.1. This Standard may be used in conjunction with, but does not supersede, regulatory authority requirements. 1.4.2. This Standard is not intended for use

22、in the following applications: 1.4.2.1. Cinema (refer to SMPTE: Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers) 1.4.2.2. Home theater (refer to CEDIA: Custom Electronic Design & Installation Association) 1.4.2.3. Sound masking/speech privacy ANSI/INFOCOMM A102.01:2017 Audio Coverage Uniformity i

23、n Listener Areas InfoComm International 2017 Page 5 2. REFERENCED PUBLICATIONS 2.1. Normative References 2.1.1. There are no normative references for this Standard. Although there are no normative references for this Standard, Annex 5.2 is a normative annex and is considered a requirement of the Sta

24、ndard. 2.2. Informative References 2.2.1. The following publications contain information that supports the design and application of this Standard, but are not required provisions of the Standard. Use the latest edition unless otherwise specified. Acoustical Society of America (ASA). ANSI/ASA S1.1-2

25、013, Acoustical Terminology. Melville, NY: Acoustical Society of America (ASA). . ANSI/ASA S12.2-2008, Criteria for Evaluating Room Noise. Melville, NY: Acoustical Society of America (ASA). . ANSI/ASA S1.13-2005, ANSI Measurement of Sound Pressure Levels in Air. Melville, NY: Acoustical Society of A

26、merica (ASA). . ANSI/ASA S1.11-2004, Electroacoustics - Octave-band and Fractional-octave-band Filters - Part 1: Specifications. Melville, NY: Acoustical Society of America (ASA). Audio Engineering Society, Inc. AES56-2008 (R2014) AES Standard on Acoustics-Sound Source Modeling Loudspeaker Polar Rad

27、iation Measurements. New York, New York: Audio Engineering Society, Inc. . AES-R2-2004, Project Report for Articles on Professional Audio and for Equipment Specifications Notations for Expressing Levels. New York, New York: Audio Engineering Society, Inc. Haas, Helmut (1972). “The Influence of Singl

28、e Echo on Audibility of Speech”. Audio Engineering Society JAES Volume 20 Issue 2. 146-159. March 1972. International Electrotechnical Commission. 2013. IEC 61672-1:2013 Electroacoustics Sound level meters Part 1: Specifications. Geneva: International Electrotechnical Commission. . 2013. IEC 61672-2

29、:2013 Electroacoustics Sound level meters Part 2: Pattern Evaluation Tests. Geneva: International Electrotechnical Commission. InfoComm International. ANSI/INFOCOMM 10:2013 Audiovisual Systems Performance Verification, Section 9.1. Fairfax: InfoComm International, 2013. International Organization fo

30、r Standardization. ISO 266:1997, Acoustics - Preferred Frequencies. Geneva: ISO. Sinclair, Rex. “The Design of Distributed Sound Systems from Uniformity of Coverage and Other Sound-Field Considerations.” 70th AES Convention, NYC, Oct. 30-Nov. 2, 1981, revised July 27, 1982. ANSI/INFOCOMM A102.01:201

31、7 Audio Coverage Uniformity in Listener Areas InfoComm International 2017 Page 6 3. DEFINITIONS As used in this document, “shall” and “must” denote mandatory provisions of the Standard. “Should” denotes a provision that is recommended, but not mandatory. 3.1. Acronyms For the purposes of this Standa

32、rd, the following acronyms apply: 3.1.1. ACU: Audio Coverage Uniformity 3.1.2. ACUML: Audio Coverage Uniformity Measurement Location 3.1.3. ANL: Ambient Noise Level 3.1.4. SPL: Sound Pressure Level 3.2. Definitions For the purposes of this Standard, the following definitions apply: 3.2.1. Apparent O

33、rigin: The physical point in space from which measurement locations for listening areas of point-source systems are determined 3.2.2. Audio Coverage Uniformity Measurement Locations (ACUML): The test points within a venue that have been determined to carry out the measurements for the Audio Coverage

34、 Uniformity test. 3.2.3. Coverage Envelope: The absolute value of the difference between the highest and lowest measurement readings in a given octave band. 3.2.4. Early Arriving Energy: Energy, both direct and reflected, which arrives at a measurement location within 50 milliseconds of the direct s

35、ounds arrival. 3.2.5. Listening Plane: The distance above the floor to the average audience members ears across a listening area. 3.2.6. Listener Area: A contiguous audience space intended to be covered by a sound reinforcement loudspeaker system. 3.2.7. Loudspeaker Sub-system: A portion of a larger

36、 loudspeaker system, such as front fills or under-balcony loudspeakers, designed to provide coverage to a seating area that is supplemental to the coverage of the primary loudspeakers. 3.2.8. Loudspeaker System: An implementation of loudspeaker(s) designed to provide coverage to a specific area. The

37、 system may be single or multi-channel in nature. ANSI/INFOCOMM A102.01:2017 Audio Coverage Uniformity in Listener Areas InfoComm International 2017 Page 7 3.2.9. Multi-channel Loudspeaker System: A loudspeaker system designed so that multiple loudspeaker locations provide coverage to the same liste

38、ning areas. An example would be a Left/Center/Right system where each feed is discretely provided to each listener. 3.2.10. Octave Band: A frequency band where the upper frequency limit to the lower frequency limit has a ratio of two to one.1 3.2.11. Single-channel Loudspeaker System: A loudspeaker

39、system designed so that a single source feed is distributed to all designated coverage areas. An example would be a system that contains a central loudspeaker cluster with delayed loudspeakers, such as what might be found in an auditorium or lecture hall. 1 ANSI/ASA S1.11-2014: Electroacoustics Octa

40、ve-band and Fractional-octave-band Filters Part 1: Specifications. Melville, NY: Acoustical Society of America (ASA). ANSI/INFOCOMM A102.01:2017 Audio Coverage Uniformity in Listener Areas InfoComm International 2017 Page 8 4. REQUIREMENTS 4.1. Sound System Prerequisites The sound system shall meet

41、these conditions for this Standard to apply: 4.1.1. The system shall be in its intended operating state with confirmation of loudspeaker functionality and polarity as well as adjustments for gain structure, spectral balance, system equalization, and time offset corrections having already been perfor

42、med. 4.1.2. In its intended operating state, the system shall be capable of an acoustic output of at least 15 dB above the ambient noise level in each octave band to be tested. 4.1.3. The venue shall be in its intended operating configuration. This means that all construction activity has ceased, ro

43、om finishes are in place, the room is in its typical seating configuration, and extraneous noise from people or equipment is minimized. 4.2. Measurement Software and Tools 4.2.1. All instrumentation used for measurement of ACU shall be capable of deriving and outputting ISO octave-band measurement r

44、esults, and shall conform to requirements of Class 1 or Class 2 sound level meter systems. 4.2.2. All instruments shall be calibrated as required by the manufacturers instructions to ensure measurement accuracy. 4.2.3. Weighting filters such as A, B, or C shall not be used. All sound pressure levels

45、 shall be expressed in unweighted decibels (dB).2 4.2.4. A transfer function measurement shall be used to capture a 50-millisecond time-windowed frequency response to measure ACU. See Annex 5.1 for further details. 4.3. Audio Coverage Uniformity Measurement Procedure 4.3.1. A process map is provided

46、 in Annex 5.2. The map shows the ACU measurement procedure, necessary documentation, and a decision tree for this Standard. This is a normative annex. 4.3.2. This Standard provides measurement procedures for two types of loudspeaker systems: distributed (Section 4.4) and point-source (Section 4.5).

47、4.3.3. For listener areas with varying physical configurations (such as operable partitions), measurements shall be taken and reported separately for each configuration. 2 International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), IEC 61672-2:2013 Electroacoustic Sound Level Meters Pt. 2 Pattern Evaluation Te

48、sts. ANSI/INFOCOMM A102.01:2017 Audio Coverage Uniformity in Listener Areas InfoComm International 2017 Page 9 4.3.4. Systems shall be measured based on their intended usage: 4.3.4.1. Six octave-band measurements (250 Hz - 8 kHz): limited bandwidth program or speech applications 4.3.4.2. Eight octav

49、e-band measurements (125 Hz - 16 kHz): full bandwidth program or music applications 4.3.5. The sound system shall be measured at the specified audio coverage uniformity locations and the early arriving energy level for each octave band shall be recorded. The maximum and minimum measurements in each band will be noted. For an example form for recording this information, see Annex 5.3. 4.3.6. The positioning of the audio coverage uniformity measurement locations (ACUML) within the space shall be located to a tolerance of +/-3