1、IT2.24 96 0724150 0535465 829 ANSIIISO 71 87- 1995, ANSIINAPM IT2.24-1 for Photography - Materials for Direct-Positive Colour Print Cameras - Determination of IS0 Speed from American National Standard , copyright 177 (, , with permission of the American National Standards Institute, Inc. Not for res
2、ale. No part of this publication may be copied or reproduced in any form, electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the American National Standards Institute, Inc., 11 West 42nd Street, New York, New York 10036. -A mmn American National Standards Institute 11
3、West 42nd Street New York, New York 10036 996 ANSI IT2.24 96 0724150 053546b 7b5 ANSVIS0 71 87-1 995, ANSVNAPM lT2.24-1996 Revision and redesignation of ANSIASO 7187-1983, ANSI PH2.47-1984 (R1991) American National Standard for Photography - Materials for Direct-Positive Colour Print Cameras - Deter
4、mination of IS0 Speed Secretariat National Association of Photographic Manufacturers, Inc. Approved October 8, 1996 American National Standards Institute, Inc. - ANSI IT2-24 96 W 0724350 0535467 6TL American National Standard Approval of an American National Standard requires review by ANSI that the
5、 requirements for due process, consensus, and other criteria for approval have been met by the standards developer. Consensus is established when, in the judgment of the ANSI Board of Standards Review, substantial agreement has been reached by directly and materially affected interests. Substantial
6、agreement means much more than a simple majority, but not necessarily unanimity. Consensus requires that all views and objections be considered, and that a concerted effort be made toward their resolution. The use of American National Standards is completely voluntary; their existence does not in an
7、y respect preclude anyone, whether he has approved the standards or not, from manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or using products, processes, or procedures not conforming to the standards. The American National Standards Institute does not develop standards and will in no circumstances give an i
8、nterpretation of any American National Standard. Moreover, no person shall have the right or authority to issue an interpretation of an American National Standard in the name of the American National Standards Institute. Requests for interpretations should be addressed to the secretariat or sponsor
9、whose name appears on the title page of this standard. CAUTION NOTICE: This American National Standard may be revised or withdrawn at any time. The procedures of the American National Standards Institute require that action be taken periodically to reaffirm, revise, or withdraw this standard. Purcha
10、sers of American National Standards may receive current information on all standards by calling or writing the American National Standards Institute. Published by American National Standards Institute 11 West 42nd Street, New York, New York 10036 Copyright O1 996 by American National Standards Insti
11、tute All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without prior written permission of the publisher. Printed in the United States of America ANSI IT2-24 96 = 0724150 0535468 538 Contents Page Foreword ii Introduction
12、. iv 1 Scope . I 2 Normative references 1 3 Definitions 1 4 Sampling and storage . 1 5 Test method 2 6 Product classification 4 7 Product marking and labelling . 4 Table 1 Figure IS0 speed scale . 4 1 Sensitometric curve 3 Annex A Bibliography 5 i ANSI IT2.24 96 W 0724350 05354b9 474 W Foreword (Thi
13、s foreword is not part of American National Standard ANSVIS0 7187- 1995, ANSVNAPM lT2.24-1996. This document is identical to IS0 7187: 1995 and the following five paragraphs are the original foreword as it appeared in that document.) IS0 (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worl
14、dwide fed- eration of national standards bodies (IS0 member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through IS0 tech- nical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented
15、 on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-gov- ernmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. IS0 collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. Draft International Standards a
16、dopted by the technical committees are cir- culated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75% of the member bodies casting a vote. International Standard IS0 71 87 was prepared by Technical Committee ISOTC 42, Photography. This second
17、 edition cancels and replaces the first edition (IS0 7187: 1983), which has been technically revised to include several new defini- tions (clause 3) and a distinction between speed, IS0 speed and IS0 speed of a product (clause 6). Annex A of this International Standard is for information only. Sugge
18、stions for improvement of this standard will be welcome. They should be sent to the National Association of Photographic Manufacturers, Inc., 550 Mamaroneck Avenue, Suite 307, Harrison, NY 10528-161 2. This standard was processed and approved for submittal to ANSI by NAPM Technical Committee IT2 on
19、Image Evaluation. Committee approval of the standard does not necessarily imply that all committee members voted for its approval. At the time this standard was approved, the IT2 Committee had the following members: William F. Voglesong, Chairman Michael Goodwin, Vice-chairman Charles G. Saleski, Se
20、cretary Organization Represented Name of Representative American Roentgen Ray Society Joel Gray Association for Information and Image Management Judy Kilpatrick Association of Reproduction Material Manufacturers, Inc Philip P. Nowers Azon Corporation Bill Neithardt Canadian Standards Association (Li
21、aison) . David Somers CGATS . Richard S. Fisch Graphic Communication Association Norman W. Scharpf Graphic Microsystem . James R. Cox GTI Graphic Technology, Inc. Charles G. Saleski National Association of Photographic Manufacturers, Inc. Carolyn Franceschi Robert C. Johnson (Alt.) James E. Harvey (
22、Alt.) Michael Goodwin Thomas McKeehan (Alt.) Alex Pendleton ii ANSI IT2.24 96 9 0724150 0535470 196 = Organization Represented Name of Representative Thomas Lumenello (Alt.) Daniel E. Sinto Joseph McKinney (Alt.) Robert L. Seyfert Robert D. Whitall David W. Butcher (Alt.) Peter Krause (Alt.) Photogr
23、aphic Society of America . Jack Holm Professional Photographers of America . Robert M. Opfer PSI Associates William F. Voglesong Radiological Society of North America . Homer L. Twigg, Jr. rhoMetric Associates . David L. Spooner Treasure Chest Advertising . Peter Brehm National Institute of Standard
24、s and Technology . Jack J. Hsia Federal Supply and Services . Martin Robinson Charles C. Rogers (Alt.) Schawk, Inc . Paul R. Guy U.S. Department of Commerce - U.S. Department of the Army . Calvin F. Douglas U.S. General Services Administration - iii Introduction The increased use of incamera process
25、ed colour-print materials, often referred to as “instant print“, and the introduction of equipment to permit their use in general cameras makes it desirable to establish a standard method for determining the speed of this type of product. This Inter- national Standard applies to any directly viewed
26、reflection colour-print material made by camera exposure of the original scene onto a photo- sensitive material and subsequent diffusion transfer of a dye image within the same material or to a second receiver material. It also applies to any material similarly exposed, but later processed outside o
27、f the camera by a process other than diffusion transfer of the dyed image. It does not apply to copying or duplicating. For diffusion-transfer materials, the speed and colour of prints depend on the ambient temperature during diffusion. Usually, speed problems as well as serious colour mismatches wi
28、ll occur in prints made at temperatures beyond the range recommended by the manufacturer. The conditions of direct viewing of reflection prints are specified in IS0 3664. The sensitometric method Specified in this International Standard gives IS0 speeds that are in close agreement with film speeds o
29、btained by making practical camera exposures. These speeds follow the $16 daylight rule; that is, the IS0 speed is the reciprocal of the exposure time, in seconds, which gives the best quality print when the camera lens aperture is set at j716 in direct sunlight for an average front-lighted scene wi
30、th a solar altitude between 35“ and 50“. When these IS0 speeds are used in conjunction with exposure meters conforming to IS0 2720, resultant pictures will be of optimum exposure. For an average scene, the optimum exposure will be approximately midway between the least exposure and the greatest expo
31、sure producing satisfactory prints at normal viewing illuminance levels. The exposure latitude for satisfactory prints is approximately one half stop for under- exposure and one half stop for overexposure. iv - ANSI IT2.24 96 0724350 0535472 Tb9 AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD ANSIIISO 71 87-1995, ANSIIN
32、APM lT2.24-1996 American National Standard for Photography - Materials for Direct-Positive Colour Print Cameras - Determination of IS0 Speed 1 Scope This International Standard specifies a method for de termining the IS0 speed of materials for direct- positive colour-print cameras when used in a cam
33、era for pictorial photography It also applies to diffusion- transfer and conventional colour-print materials di- rectly exposed in cameras and processed in or out of the camera This International Standard does not apply to materials used for copying or duplicating applications 2 Normative references
34、 The following standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this International Standard. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this International Standar
35、d are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the standards indicated below. Members of IEC and IS0 maintain registers of currently valid International Standards. IS0 5-3:1995, Photography - Density measurements - Part 3: Spectral conditions. IS0 5-4: 1995,
36、Photography - Density measurements - Part 4: Geometric conditions for reflection density. 3 Definitions For the purposes of this International Standard, the following definitions apply. 3.1 exposure, If1): Time integral of the illuminance on the sensitized material, measured in lux seconds Exposure
37、is often expressed in logIoH units. 3.2 speed, S: Quantitative measure of the response of the photographic material to radiant energy for the specified conditions of exposure, processing and im- age measurement. 3.3 direct-positive processing: Any one-exposure photographic process which results in a
38、 positive im- age directly from the original subject matter. 3.4 diffusion transfer: Photographic process whereby the image moves as a consequence of development to a receiving medium to form (usually) a positive image for viewing. 3.5 reversal processing: Photographic process in which the exposed n
39、egative latent image is formed, but that, either by uniform post-exposure or by fogging process chemicals, can be made to yield a . positive reproduction. 4 Sampling and storage IS0 7589:1984, Photography - Illuminanrs for sensi- tomefry - Specifications for daylight and incan- descent tunusten. In
40、determining the IS0 speed of a product, it is im- portant that the samples evaluated yield the average - results obtained by users. This will require evaluating 1) CIE Publication No. 17.4 defines “luminous exposure, H“. In this International Standard, “luminous exposure“ is simply referred to as “e
41、xposure“. 1 ANSI IT2.24 9b 0724150 0535473 9T5 ANSVIS0 7187-1 995, ANSVNAPM lT2.24-1996 several different batches periodically under the con- ditions specified in this International Standard. Prior to evaluation, the samples shall be stored according to the manufacturers recommendations for a length
42、 of time to simulate the average age at which the product is normally used. Several independent evaluations shall be made tc ensure the proper calibration of equipment and processes. The basic objective in sel- ecting and storing samples as described above is to ensure that the product characteristi
43、cs are represen- tative of those obtained by a user at the time of use. 5 Test method 5.1 Principle Samples are exoosed in a sensitometer and pro- cessed in the manner specified below. Density measurements are obtained from the resultant image to produce a sensitometric curve from which values are t
44、aken and used to determine the IS0 speed. 5.2 Safelights To eliminate the possibility of safelight illumination af- fecting the sensitometric results, all sensitized ma- terials shall be handled in complete darkness during exposing and processing. 5.3 Exposure 5.3.1 Sample condition During exposure,
45、 the samples shall be at a tempera- ture of 23 “Cf2 “C and a relative humidity of (50 f 5) YO. This is the recommended atmosphere and normal tolerances specified in IS0 554. 5.3.2 Type of sensitometer The sensitometer sha!l be a non-intermittent, illuminance-scale type. 5.3.3 Radiant energy quality
46、The illuminant for the particular product type being exposed shall conform to the appropriate illuminant specified in IS0 7589. 5.3.4 Filters IS0 speed shall be specified for use without a filter in front of the camera lens. If a product is used with a colour filter in front of the camera lens, an “
47、equivalent“ speed number may be used to deter- mine the exposure of the product with the filter. IS0 speed does not apply to the filtered condition. 5.3.5 Modulation The total range of spectral diffuse transmission den- sity with respect to the film plane of each area of the light modulator througho
48、ut the wavelength interval from 400 nm to 700 nm shall not exceed 5 YO of the average density obtained over the same interval or 0.03 density, whichever is the greater. In the interval from 360 nm to 400 nm, 10 YO of this same average density or 0.06 density, whichever is the greater, shall not be e
49、xceeded. If a stepped modulator is used, the logarithm to the base 10 of the exposure increment shall not be greater than 0,15. The width and length of a single step shall be adequate to obtain a uniform density within the reading aperture specified for densitometry. If a continuously variable modulator is used, the log- arithm to the base 10 of the change in exposure with distance along the test strip shall be uniform and not be greater than 0,04 per millimetre. An area of the product shall be given sufficient ex- posure to produce the minimum density possible. 5.3.6 Exp
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