ANSI IT4.104-2002 Photography Processing Chemicals Specifications for Hydrochloric Acid《摄影.冲洗用化学制品.硫磺酸用规范》.pdf

1、 ANSI/I3A IT4.104-2002for Photography Processing Chemicals Specifications for Hydrochloric AcidANSI/I3AIT4.104-2002ANSI/I3A IT4.104-2002Revision and redesignation ofANSI/NAPM IT4.104-1980 (R1995)American National Standardfor Photography Processing Chemicals Specifications for Hydrochloric AcidSecret

2、ariatInternational Imaging Industry Association, Inc. (I3A)Approved May 21, 2002 American National Standards Institute, Inc.Approval of an American National Standard requires review by ANSI that therequirements for due process, consensus, and other criteria for approval havebeen met by the standards

3、 developer.Consensus is established when, in the judgement of the ANSI Board ofStandards Review, substantial agreement has been reached by directly andmaterially affected interests. Substantial agreement means much more thana simple majority, but not necessarily unanimity. Consensus requires that al

4、lviews and objections be considered, and that a concerted effort be madetowards their resolution.The use of American National Standards is completely voluntary; theirexistence does not in any respect preclude anyone, whether he has approvedthe standards or not, from manufacturing, marketing, purchas

5、ing, or usingproducts, processes, or procedures not conforming to the standards.The American National Standards Institute does not develop standards andwill in no circumstances give an interpretation of any American NationalStandard. Moreover, no person shall have the right or authority to issue ani

6、nterpretation of an American National Standard in the name of the AmericanNational Standards Institute. Requests for interpretations should beaddressed to the secretariat or sponsor whose name appears on the titlepage of this standard.CAUTION NOTICE: This American National Standard may be revised or

7、withdrawn at any time. The procedures of the American National StandardsInstitute require that action be taken periodically to reaffirm, revise, orwithdraw this standard. Purchasers of American National Standards mayreceive current information on all standards by calling or writing the AmericanNatio

8、nal Standards Institute.American National StandardPublished byAmerican National Standards Institute, Inc.25 West 43rd Street, New York, NY 10036Copyright 2002 by American National Standards Institute, Inc.All rights reserved.No part of this publication may be reproduced in anyform, in an electronic

9、retrieval system or otherwise,without prior written permission of the publisher.Printed in the United States of AmericaiContentsPageForeword ii0 Introduction. iii1 Scope . 12 Normative references . 13 General. 14 Requirements . 25 Reagents and glassware 26 Sampling. 27 Test methods 2Table1 Summary o

10、f requirements 2iiForeword (This foreword is not part of American National Standard ANSI/I3A IT4.104-2002.)This standard is one of a series of standards establishing criteria of purity for chemi-cals used in processing photographic materials. In the current review process, thisseries of standards is

11、 being updated and revised in format. Many of the standards inthis series, but not all, also exist as standards of the International Organization forStandardization (ISO). The current updates and revisions are in accord with thatdone for the ISO standards. In an effort to promote the concept of inte

12、rnational stan-dardization, references to ISO standards have been left in place.Suggestions for the improvement of this standard will be welcome. They should besent to the International Imaging Industry Association, Inc. (I3A), 550 MamaroneckAvenue, Suite 307, Harrison, NY 10528-1615, e-mail: i3astd

13、si3a.org.This standard was processed and approved for submittal to ANSI by I3A TechnicalCommittee IT4 on Photographic Processing. Committee approval of the standarddoes not necessarily imply that all committee members voted for its approval. At thetime it approved this edition of the standard, the I

14、T4 Committee had the followingmembers:Joseph M Rao, ChairmanJohn Gignac, SecretaryOrganization Represented Name of RepresentativeInternational Imaging Industry Association, Inc. (I3A) . Jan CarlockLinda CrosbyKunihiro FujiwaraRonald A. KleinLaszlo PapaiAnthony JarkowskyGeneral Chemical Corporation.

15、Mark DulikPhotographic Society of America, Inc. . Grant HaistPhoto Marketing Association International . Herb SteinIndividual ExpertsPeter KrauseNorman NewmanJoseph M. RaoSubcommittee IT4-1 on Specifications for Photographic Chemicals, which was re-sponsible for this edition, had the following membe

16、rs:Joseph M. Rao, Chairman-protem Jan CarlockLinda CrosbyMark DulikKunihiro FujiwaraNorman NewmanLaszlo PapaiHerb Steiniii0 Introduction0.1 This standard is one of a series that establishes criteria of purity for chemicalsused in processing photographic materials. General test methods and procedures

17、 cit-ed in this standard are compiled in Parts 1, 4, and 5 of ISO 10349.This standard is intended for use by individuals with a working knowledge of analyti-cal techniques, which may not always be the case. Some of the procedures utilizecaustic, toxic, or otherwise hazardous chemicals. Safe laborato

18、ry practice for thehandling of chemicals requires the use of safety glasses or goggles and other protec-tive apparel such as rubber gloves, face masks or aprons where appropriate.Normal precautions required in the performance of any chemical procedure shall beexercised at all times, but care has bee

19、n taken in this standard to provide warningsfor hazardous materials. Hazard warnings designated by a letter enclosed in anglebrackets, , are used as a reminder in those steps detailing handling operationsand are defined in ISO 10349-1. More detailed information regarding hazards, han-dling, and use

20、of these chemicals may be available from the manufacturer.0.2 This standard provides chemical and physical requirements for the suitability of aphotographic-grade chemical. The tests correlate with undesirable photographic ef-fects. Purity requirements are set as low as possible consistent with thes

21、e photo-graphic effects. These criteria are considered the minimum requirements necessaryto assure sufficient purity for use in photographic processing solutions, except that ifthe purity of a commonly available grade of chemical exceeds photographic process-ing requirements and if there is no econo

22、mic penalty in its use, the purity require-ments have been set to take advantage of the availability of the higher qualitymaterial.Every effort has been made to keep the number of requirements to a minimum. Inertimpurities are limited to amounts that will not unduly reduce the assay. All tests arepe

23、rformed on samples “as received“ to reflect the condition of materials furnished foruse. Although the ultimate criterion for suitability of such a chemical is its successfulperformance in an appropriate use test, the shorter, more economical test methodsdescribed in this standard are generally adequ

24、ate.Assay procedures have been included in all cases where a satisfactory method isavailable. An effective assay requirement serves not only as a safeguard of chemicalpurity, but also as a valuable complement to the identity test. Identity tests have beenincluded whenever a possibility exists that a

25、nother chemical or mixture of chemicalscould pass the other tests.All requirements listed in clause 4 are mandatory. The physical appearance of thematerial and any footnotes are for general information only and are not part of the re-quirements.0.3 Efforts have been made to employ tests that are cap

26、able of being run in any nor-mally equipped laboratory and, wherever possible, to avoid tests that require highlyspecialized equipment or techniques. Instrumental methods have been specified onlyas alternative methods or alone in those cases where no other satisfactory method isavailable.Over the pa

27、st few years, great improvements have been made in instrumentation forvarious analyses. Where such techniques have equivalent or greater precision, theymay be used in place of the tests described in this standard. Correlation of such alter-native procedures with the given method is the responsibilit

28、y of the user. In case ofdisagreement in results, the method called for in the specification shall prevail.Where a requirement states “to pass test“, however, alternative methods shall not beused.AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD ANSI/I3A IT4.104-20021 American National Standard for Photography Processing

29、Chemicals Specifications for Hydrochloric Acid 1 Scope This standard establishes criteria for the purity of photographic-grade hydrochloric acid (DANGER:, )1)and specifies the tests to be used to determine the purity. 2 Normative references The following standards contain provisions which, through r

30、eference in this text, constitute provisions of this standard. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of

31、the standards indicated below. Members of IEC and ISO maintain registers of currently valid standards. ISO 10349-1:1992, Photography Photographic-grade chemicals Test methods Part 1: General ISO 10349-4:1992 (R1999), Photography Photographic-grade chemicals Test methods Part 4: Determination of resi

32、due after ignition ISO 10349-5:1992 (R1999), Photography Photographic-grade chemicals Test methods Part 5: Determination of heavy metals and iron content 3 General 3.1 Physical properties Hydrochloric acid, HCl, is a solution of hydrogen chloride gas in water. It is a colorless or slightly yellow li

33、quid with an extremely pungent odor. Anhydrous hydrochloric acid (hydrogen chloride) has a relative molecular mass of 36.46. 3.2 Hazardous properties Hydrochloric acid causes severe skin burns on contact. 3.3 Storage Hydrochloric acid shall be stored in well-closed containers away from combustible m

34、aterials. _ 1)Hazard warning codes are defined in ISO 10349-1, clause 4. ANSI/I3A IT4.104-20022 4 Requirements A summary of the requirements is shown in Table 1. Table 1 - Summary of requirements Test Limit Subclause Standard in which test method is given Assay Minimum: 35.0% Maximum: 38.0% 7.1 ANSI

35、/I3A IT4.104 Mass fraction of residue after ignition Maximum: 0.01% 7.2 ISO 10349-4 Mass fraction of heavy metals (as Pb) Maximum: 0.005% 7.3 ISO 10349-5 Mass fraction of iron (Fe) Maximum: 0.001% 7.4 ISO 10349-5 Free chlorine To pass test 7.5 ANSI/I3A IT4.104 Appearance of solution To pass test 7.6

36、 ANSI/I3A IT4.104 5 Reagents and glassware All reagents, materials, and glassware shall conform with the requirements specified in ISO 10349-1 unless otherwise noted. The hazard warning symbols, used as a reminder in those steps detailing handling operations, are defined in ISO 10349-1. These symbol

37、s are used to provide information to the user and are not meant to provide conformance with hazardous labeling requirements, as these vary from country to country. 6 Sampling See ISO 10349-1. 7 Test methods 7.1 Assay 7.1.1 Specification The minimum mass fraction of hydrochloric acid shall be 35.0%;

38、the maximum mass fraction shall be 38.0%. 7.1.2 Reagents 7.1.2.1 Methanol, CH3OH 7.1.2.2 Methyl red indicator Dissolve 0.1 g of methyl red in 100 ml of methanol (7.1.2.1). 7.1.2.3 Sodium hydroxide, NaOH, (DANGER: ), standard volumetric solution of 1 mol/l (40 g/l).2), 3)_ 2)Commercially available an

39、alyzed reagent solutions are recommended. If solutions are to be prepared, see any quantitative chemistry text. 3)This solution can be prepared from solid sodium hydroxide (DANGER: ). ANSI/I3A IT4.104-20023 7.1.3 Procedure Transfer about 15 ml of water to a glass-stoppered flask and weigh to the nea

40、rest 0.1 mg. Quickly add about 3 ml of the hydrochloric acid sample (, ) to the flask, stopper, and reweigh to the nearest 0.1 mg. Mix the solution thoroughly, dilute with water to about 50 ml, and then add 2 drops of methyl red indicator (7.1.2.2). While stirring the solution in the flask without s

41、plashing, titrate with standard sodium hydroxide solution (7.1.2.3) (). 7.1.4 Expression of results The assay, expressed as a percentage by mass, of hydrochloric acid is given by 3.65 cV/m where c is the actual concentration, expressed in moles per liter, of the sodium hydroxide solution (7.1.2.3);

42、V is the volume, expressed in milliliters, of the sodium hydroxide solution used to reach the titration endpoint; m is the mass, expressed in grams, of the test portion; 3.65 is the conversion factor obtained from the mass of hydrochloric acid equivalent to 1 mole of sodium hydroxide (i.e., 36.46) x

43、 the conversion factor for milliliters to liters (i.e., 0.001) x 100 (for percentage). 7.2 Mass fraction of residue after ignition 7.2.1 Specification The maximum mass fraction of residue after ignition shall be less than 0.01%. 7.2.2 Procedure Determine the residue after ignition in accordance with

44、 ISO 10349-4. Use a test portion of 10 g 0.1 g of the sample weighed to the nearest 0.1 mg, and incinerate at 600C 50C for 4 hours. Cool the residue in a desiccator and then weigh to the nearest 0.1 mg. Retain this residue for the iron test (7.4). 7.3 Mass fraction of heavy metals 7.3.1 Specificatio

45、n The maximum mass fraction of heavy metals shall be 0.005%. 7.3.2 Procedure NOTE The standard for the iron test (7.4) is prepared in the same way as the heavy metals standard. Determine the percentage of heavy metals in accordance with ISO 10349-5. Use a test portion corresponding to 1 g 0.1 g of t

46、he sample prepared in accordance with ISO 10349-5:1992, 7.1. Use 5 ml of the heavy metal standard prepared in accordance with ISO 10349-5:1992, 8.1.1. 7.4 Mass fraction of iron 7.4.1 Specification The maximum mass fraction of iron shall be 0.001%. 7.4.2 Procedure Determine the percentage of iron in

47、accordance with ISO 10349-5. Use a test portion of the residue after ignition corresponding to 5 g 0.1 g of the sample prepared in accordance with ISO 10349-5:1992, 7.1. Use 5 ml of the iron standard prepared in accordance with ISO 10349-5:1992, 8.1.1. ANSI/I3A IT4.104-20024 7.5 Free chlorine 7.5.1

48、Specification Material shall pass the test. 7.5.2 Reagents 7.5.2.1 Potassium iodide solution, KI Dissolve 20 g of iodate-free potassium iodide in 1 liter of distilled water. 7.5.2.2 Methylene chloride, CH2Cl2(DANGER: ) 7.5.3 Procedure Add 25 ml of a test portion of the sample to 25 ml of freshly boi

49、led and cooled distilled water. Then add 2 ml of a freshly prepared potassium iodide solution (7.5.2.1) and 1 ml of methylene chloride (7.5.2.2) (). Shake the mixture vigorously. The bottom layer shall not acquire a violet color within 30 seconds. 7.6 Appearance of solution 7.6.1 Specification The prepared solution shall be clear and free from sediment. 7.6.2 Procedure Prepare a solution containing 100 ml of the sample per liter of water. Observe the solution for clarity.