1、American National Standards Institute11 West 42nd StreetNew York, New York10036ANSI/NAPM IT4.99-1996ANSI/NAPM IT4.99-1996for Photography Photographic-grade Chemicals Test MethodsANSI/NAPM IT4.99-1996Revision and redesignation of ANSI PH4.99-1988American National Standardfor Photography Photographic-
2、grade Chemicals Test MethodsSecretariatNational Association of Photographic Manufacturers, Inc.Approved July 16, 1996American National Standards Institute, Inc.AmericanNationalStandardApproval of an American National Standard requires review by ANSI thatthe requirements for due process, consensus, a
3、nd other criteria forapproval have been met by the standards developer.Consensus is established when, in the judgment of the ANSI Board ofStandards Review, substantial agreement has been reached by directlyand materially affected interests. Substantial agreement means much morethan a simple majority
4、, but not necessarily unanimity. Consensus requiresthat all views and objections be considered, and that a concerted effort bemade toward their resolution.The use of American National Standards is completely voluntary; their existence does not in any respect preclude anyone, whether he has approvedt
5、he standards or not, from manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or usingproducts, processes, or procedures not conforming to the standards.The American National Standards Institute does not develop standards andwill in no circumstances give an interpretation of any American NationalStandard. Moreove
6、r, no person shall have the right or authority to issue aninterpretation of an American National Standard in the name of the AmericanNational Standards Institute. Requests for interpretations should be ad-dressed to the secretariat or sponsor whose name appears on the title pageof this standard.CAUT
7、ION NOTICE: This American National Standard may be revised orwithdrawn at any time. The procedures of the American National StandardsInstitute require that action be taken periodically to reaffirm, revise, or withdraw this standard. Purchasers of American National Standards mayreceive current inform
8、ation on all standards by calling or writing the AmericanNational Standards Institute.Published byAmerican National Standards Institute11 West 42nd Street, New York, New York 10036Copyright 1996 by American National Standards InstituteAll rights reserved.No part of this publication may be reproduced
9、 in anyform, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise,without prior written permission of the publisher.Printed in the United States of AmericaiForewordiiIntroductionvPart 1 General 1Part 2 Determination of matter insoluble in water.7Part 3 Determination of matter insoluble in ammonium hydroxi
10、de solution.9Part 4 Determination of residue after ignition .11Part 5 Determination of heavy-metals and iron content 13Part 6 Determination of halide content.17Part 7 Determination of alkalinity or acidity 19Part 8 Determination of volatile matter.21Part 9 Reaction to ammoniacal silver nitrate .23Pa
11、rt 10 Determination of sulfide content. .25Part 11 Determination of specific gravity .27Part 12 Determination of density .29Part 13 Determination of pH31Tables1, Part 6 Test limits and volumes of halide standards 181, Part 10 Test limits and volumes of sulfide standards26AnnexesA Electrode care 35B
12、Photographic-grade chemical standards37ContentsPageiiThis part of ANSI/NAPM IT4.99 and subsequent parts deal with photo-graphic-grade chemicals and their test methods which are cited in otherstandards for photographic-grade chemicals. In the current review pro-cess, this series of standards along wi
13、th the chemical specification stan-dards are being updated and revised in format. Many of the chemicalspecification standards, but not all, also exist as standards of theInternational Organization for Standardization (ISO), and these test meth-ods standards are equivalent to ISO 10349. The current u
14、pdates and revi-sions are in accord with that being done for the ISO standards and thecommon standards are technically identical with their ISO counterparts. It has become the practice to adopt the international standards directlywhere practicable, and it was strongly desired to follow this practice
15、.However, the committee took note of the fact that the ISO conventionrequires the use of the comma, “,“, as the decimal radix whereas in theU.S. the period, “.“, is the decimal radix and that this could lead to misin-terpretations with serious consequences. The situation is further compli-cated by t
16、he fact that a large number of standards in this series do nothave ISO counterparts, and this would lead either to writing U.S. standardswith ISO conventions, or having a series of standards with the two differ-ent conventions both of which refer to these test methods which wouldhave been in the ISO
17、 convention. It was felt that neither of these was asatisfactory alternative and it was, therefore, decided to modify the formatof the ISO standards with the use of U.S. conventions. In technical con-tent, these standards are the same as their ISO counterparts. In an effortto promote the concept of
18、international standardization, references to ISOstandards have been left in place with the exception of the references tothe various parts of these test methods standards. In addition, a table ofequivalent standards is given in annex B.This standard contains two annexes. Annex A is normative and is
19、consid-ered part of this standard. Annex B is for information only.Suggestions for the improvement of this standard will be welcome. Theyshould be sent to the National Association of Photographic Manufacturers,Inc., 550 Mamaroneck Avenue, Suite 307, Harrison, NY 10528-1612.This standard was processe
20、d and approved for submittal to ANSI byNAPM Technical Committee IT4 on Photographic Processing. Committeeapproval of the standard does not necessarily imply that all committeemembers voted for its approval. At the time it approved this edition of thestandard, the IT4 Committee had the following memb
21、ers:Norman Newman, ChairmanJoseph M. Rao, Vice ChairmanJohn Gignac, SecretaryOrganization Represented Name of RepresentativeCanadian Standards Association (Liaison) .David SomersGeneral Chemical Corporation.James F. WaltherNational Association of Photographic Manufacturers, Inc. Sylvia Adae-AmoakohS
22、tephen J. Rudy (Alt.)Catherine A. CreskoJay DesaiRobert Kmiec (Alt.)Foreword (This foreword is not part of American National Standard ANSI/NAPMIT4.99-1996.)iiiThomas N. Jones IIIKenneth M. Smith (Alt.)Ronald A. KleinShaslaikant Desai (Alt.)Peter KrauseNorman NewmanRichard S. Fisch (Alt.)Joseph M. Ra
23、oAnthony Jarkowsky (Alt.)Photographic Society of America, Inc.Grant HaistProfessional Photographers of America, Inc.Robert M. OpferSociety for Imaging Science and Technology .William R. TownsU.S. Department of The Army Thomas J. MackesyU.S. General Services Administration Federal Supply and Services
24、 .Martin RobinsonIndividual ExpertSpencer B. FulweilerNAPM Subcommittee IT4-1 on Specifications for Photographic Chemicals,which was responsible for this edition, had the following members: Thomas N. Jones III, Chairman Sylvia Adae-AmoakohCatherine A. CreskoJay DesaiRichard S. FischMalcolm R. Forbes
25、Spencer B. FulweilerNorman NewmanArthur S. PavlidisJoseph M. RaoStephen J. RudyEdward SchillerKenneth M. SmithJames F. WaltherOrganization Represented Name of RepresentativevThis part of ANSI/NAPM IT4.99 and subsequent parts deal with photo-graphic-grade chemicals and their test methods which are ci
26、ted in otherANSI standards for photographic-grade chemicals. Although the ultimatecriterion for suitability of a photographic-grade chemical is its successfulperformance in an appropriate use test, the shorter, more economical testmethods described in subsequent parts of ANSI/NAPM IT4.99, used witht
27、hose tests included in the specific chemical standards, are generally ade-quate.Over the past few years, great improvements have been made in instru-mentation for various analyses. Where such techniques have equivalent orgreater precision, they may be used in place of the tests described in theappro
28、priate general test method standard for photographic-grade chemi-cals or the ANSI standards for photographic-grade chemicals. Correlationof such alternate procedures with the given method is the responsibility ofthe user.Although ANSI/NAPM IT4.99 is intended for use by individuals with aworking know
29、ledge of analytical techniques, this may not always be thecase. Care has been taken to provide warnings for particularly hazardousmaterials. General hazard warnings for chemicals used in ANSI/NAPMIT4.99 and other associated ANSI standards are given in the text as asymbol code as a reminder in those
30、steps detailing handling operations.More detailed information regarding hazards, handling, and use of thesechemicals may be available from the manufacturer.An index of the most current versions of the associated ANSI and ISOstandards dealing with photographic-grade chemicals and the test meth-ods is
31、 given in annex B. This annex will be updated on a regular basis withthe issue of any revisions or additions to ANSI/NAPM IT4.99 or the chemi-cal specification standards.IntroductionAMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD ANSI/NAPM IT4.99-1996American National Standardfor Photography Photographic-grade Chemicals
32、 Test Methods1Part 1:General1 ScopeThis part of ANSI/NAPM IT4.99 specifies criteria for reagents and materials, and addresses a num-ber of general and common aspects involved in performing the tests given in the subsequent partsof ANSI/NAPM IT4.99. Annex B provides an index of the most current versi
33、on of the parts ofANSI/NAPM IT4.99 and the associated ISO standard on photographic-grade chemical specifications.2 Normative referencesThe following standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisionsof ANSI/NAPM IT4.99. At the time of publication, the editions
34、indicated were valid. All standards aresubject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this part of ANSI/NAPM IT4.99 are encour-aged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the standards indicatedbelow. Members of IEC and ISO maintain registers of currently val
35、id International Standards.ISO 385-1:1984, Laboratory glassware Burettes Part 1: General requirementsISO 648:1977, Laboratory glassware One-mark pipettesISO 835-1:1981, Laboratory glassware Graduated pipettes Part 1: General requirementsISO 835-2:1981, Laboratory glassware Graduated pipettes Part 2:
36、 Pipettes for which no waitingtime is specifiedISO 835-3:1981, Laboratory glassware Graduated pipettes Part 3: Pipettes for which a waitingtime of 15s is specifiedISO 835-4:1981, Laboratory glassware Graduated pipettes Part 4: Blow-out pipettesISO 1042:1983, Laboratory glassware One-mark volumetric
37、flasksISO 3696:1987, Water for analytical laboratory use Specification and test methodsISO 4788:1980, Laboratory glassware Graduated measuring cylindersISO 5667-1:1980, Water quality Sampling Part 1: Guidance on the design of sampling pro-grammesISO 5667-2:1982, Water quality Sampling Part 2: Guidan
38、ce on sampling techniquesISO 5667-3:1985, Water quality Sampling Part 3: Guidance on the preservation and handling ofsamplesANSI/NAPM IT4.99-19962ISO 6353-1:1982, Reagents for chemical analysis Part 1: General test methodsISO 6353-2:1983, Reagents for chemical analysis Part 2: Specifications First s
39、eriesISO 6353-3:1987, Reagents for chemical analysis Part 3: Specifications Second series3 DefinitionsFor the purposes of ANSI/NAPM IT4.99, the following definition applies.3.1 photographic-grade chemicals: Chemicals commonly used in processing sensitized photo-graphic materials, and more particular
40、ly those for which the quality level is so specified as not to af-fect the fundamental performance of the photographic material.4 Hazards4.1 Hazard warningsSome of the chemicals specified in the test procedures given in subsequent parts of ANSI/NAPMIT4.99 are caustic, toxic, or otherwise hazardous.
41、Safe laboratory practice for the handling of chemi-cals requires the use of safety glasses or goggles, rubber gloves and other protective apparel suchas face masks or aprons where appropriate. Specific danger notices are given in the text and foot-notes for particularly dangerous materials, but norm
42、al precautions are required during the perform-ance of any chemical procedure at all times. The first time that a hazardous material is noted in thetest procedures given in subsequent parts of ANSI/NAPM IT4.99, the hazard will be indicated by theword “DANGER” followed by a symbol consisting of angle
43、 brackets “” containing a letter whichdesignates the specific hazard. A double bracket “” will be used for particularly perilous situa-tions. In subsequent statements involving handling of these hazardous materials, only the hazardsymbol consisting of the brackets and letter(s) will be displayed. Fu
44、rthermore, for a given material,the hazard symbols will be used only once in a single paragraph.Detailed warnings for handling chemicals and their diluted solutions are beyond the scope of this partof ANSI/NAPM IT4.99.Employers shall provide training and health and safety information in conformance
45、with legalrequirements.The hazard code system defined in this part of ANSI/NAPM IT4.99 is intended to provide informationto the users and is not meant for compliance with any legal requirements for labeling as these varyfrom country to country.It is strongly recommended that anyone using these chemi
46、cals obtain from the manufacturerpertinent information about the hazards, handling, use, and disposal of these chemicals.4.2 Hazard information code systemHarmful if inhaled. Avoid breathing dust, vapor, mist, or gas. Use only with adequateventilation.Harmful if contact occurs. Avoid contact with ey
47、es, skin, or clothing. Wash thoroughlyafterhandling.Harmful if swallowed. Wash thoroughly after handling. If swallowed, obtain medical at-tention immediately. May be fatal if swallowed. If swallowed, obtain medical attention immediately.ANSI/NAPM IT4.99-19963Will burn. Keep away from heat, sparks, a
48、nd open flame. Use with adequate ventila-tion.1)Oxidizer. Contact with other material may cause fire. Do not store near combustible mate-rials.5 Requirements for reagents5.1 Handling and labelingReagents shall be handled in conformity with health and safety precautions as shown on containersor as gi
49、ven in other sources of such information. Proper labeling of prepared reagents includeschemical name, date of preparation, expiration date, restandardization date, name of preparer, andadequate health and safety precautions. The discharge of reagents shall comply with applicable en-vironmental regulations.5.2 PurityReagents used in the test procedures given in subsequent parts of ANSI/NAPM IT4.99 shall be certi-fied reagent-grade chemicals and shall meet appropriate standards or be chemicals of a purity ac-ceptable for the an
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