ANSI LIA LASER Z136.5-2009 Safe Use of Lasers in Educational Institution.pdf

1、 American National Standard for Safe Use of Lasers in Educational Institutions American National Standard ANSI Z136.5 2009 ANSIZ136.5 2009Revision ofANSI Z136.5-2000American National Standardfor Safe Use of Lasersin Educational InstitutionsSecretariat Laser Institute of America Approved February 13,

2、 2009 American National Standards Institute, Inc. American National Standard An American National Standard implies a consensus of those substantially concerned with its scope and provisions. An American National Standard is intended as a guide to aid the manufacturer, the consumer, and the general p

3、ublic. The existence of an American National Standard does not in any respect preclude anyone, whether or not he or she has approved the standard, from manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or using products, processes or procedures not conforming to the standard. American National Standards are sub

4、ject to periodic review and users are cautioned to obtain the latest editions. CAUTION NOTICE: This American National Standard may be revised or withdrawn at any time. The procedures of the American National Standards Institute require that action be taken periodically to reaffirm, revise, or withdr

5、aw this standard no later than five years from the date of publication. Purchasers of American National Standards may receive current information on all standards by calling or writing the American National Standards Institute. Published by Laser Institute of America 13501 Ingenuity Drive, Suite 128

6、 Orlando, FL 32826 ISBN: #978-0-912035-67-3 Copyright 2009 by Laser Institute of America. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be copied or reproduced in any form, including an electronic retrieval system or be made available on the Internet, a public network, by satellite, or otherw

7、ise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Printed in the United States of America.i Foreword (This introduction is not a normative part of ANSI Z136.5-2009, American National Standard for Safe Use of Lasers in Educational Institutions.) In 1968, the American National Standards Inst

8、itute (ANSI) approved the initiation of the Safe Use of Lasers Standards Project under the sponsorship of the Telephone Group. Prior to 1985, Z136 standards were developed by ANSI Committee Z136 and submitted for approval and issuance as ANSI Z136 standards. Since 1985, Z136 standards are developed

9、by the ANSI Accredited Standards Committee (ASC) Z136 for Safe Use of Lasers. A copy of the procedures for development of these standards can be obtained from the secretariat, Laser Institute of America, 13501 Ingenuity Drive, Suite 128, Orlando, FL 32826 or viewed at www.z136.org. The present scope

10、 of ASC Z136 is to protect against hazards associated with the use of lasers and optically radiating diodes. ASC Z136 is responsible for the development and maintenance of this standard. In addition to the consensus body, ASC Z136 is composed of standards subcommittees (SSC) and technical subcommitt

11、ees (TSC) involved in Z136 standards development and an editorial working group (EWG). At the time of this printing, the following standards and technical subcommittees were active: SSC-1 Safe Use of Lasers (parent document) SSC-2 Safe Use of Lasers and LEDs in Telecommunications Applications SSC-3

12、Safe Use of Lasers in Health Care Facilities SSC-4 Measurements and Instrumentation SSC-5 Safe Use of Lasers in Educational Institutions SSC-6 Safe Use of Lasers Outdoors SSC-7 Eyewear and Protective Barriers SSC-8 Safe Use of Lasers in Research, Development, and Testing SSC-9 Safe Use of Lasers in

13、Manufacturing Environments SSC-10 Safe Use of Lasers in Entertainment, Displays, and Exhibitions TSC-1 Biological Effects and Medical Surveillance TSC-2 Hazard Evaluation and Classification TSC-4 Control Measures and Training TSC-5 Non-Beam Hazards TSC-7 Analysis and Applications EWG Editorial Worki

14、ng Group ii The six standards currently issued are: ANSI Z136.1-2007, American National Standard for Safe Use of Lasers (replaces ANSI Z136.1-2000) ANSI Z136.3-2005, American National Standard for Safe Use of Lasers in Health Care Facilities (replaces ANSI Z136.3-1996) ANSI Z136.4-2005, American Nat

15、ional Standard Recommended Practice for Laser Safety Measurements for Hazard Evaluation (first edition) ANSI Z136.5-2009, American National Standard for Safe Use of Lasers in Educational Institutions (replaces ANSI Z136.5-2000) ANSI Z136.6-2005, American National Standard for Safe Use of Lasers Outd

16、oors (replaces ANSI Z136.6-2000) ANSI Z136.7-2008, American National Standard for Testing and Labeling of Laser Protective Equipment (first edition) This American National Standard provides guidance for the safe use of lasers and laser systems in educational institutions. The provisions of this stan

17、dard are applicable to educational facilities ranging from grade school through college and university. In general, the methodology used in this standard is based upon procedures previously established in ANSI Z136.1. General procedures have been adapted for the unique environment of educational ins

18、titutions. Engineering and administrative control measures appropriate for typical educational activities associated with lasers are supplied to assist users in establishing a sound laser safety program in the educational environment. This standard has been published as part of the ANSI Z136 series

19、of laser safety standards. The basic document is the ANSI Z136.1, American National Standard for Safe Use of Lasers. For the most part, this standard may be used independently of ANSI Z136.1; however, the user should be familiar with and have access to ANSI Z136.1. Instances where additional guidanc

20、e contained in ANSI Z136.1 is required are noted in this document. This standard is expected to be periodically revised as new information and experience in the use of lasers is gained. Future revisions may have modified methodology, and use of the most current document is highly recommended. While

21、there is considerable compatibility among existing laser safety standards, some requirements differ among state, federal, and international iii standards and regulations. These differences may have an effect on the particulars of the applicable control measures. Suggestions for improvements of the s

22、tandard are welcome. They should be sent to ASC Z136 Secretariat, Laser Institute of America, 13501 Ingenuity Drive, Suite 128, Orlando, FL 32826. This standard was processed and approved for submittal to ANSI by ASC Z136. Committee approval of the standard does not necessarily imply that all member

23、s voted for its approval. Ron Petersen, Committee Chair Sheldon Zimmerman, Committee Vice-Chair Robert Thomas, Committee Secretary iv Notice (This notice is not a normative part of ANSI Z136.5-2009, American National Standard for Safe Use of Lasers in Educational Institutions.) Z136 standards and re

24、commended practices are developed through a consensus standards development process approved by the American National Standards Institute. The process brings together volunteers representing varied viewpoints and interests to achieve consensus on laser safety related issues. As secretariat to ASC Z1

25、36, the Laser Institute of America (LIA) administers the process and provides financial and clerical support to the committee. The LIA and its directors, officers, employees, members, affiliates, and sponsors, expressly disclaim liability for any personal injury, property, or other damages of any na

26、ture whatsoever, whether special, indirect, consequential, or compensatory, directly or indirectly resulting from the publication, use of, or reliance on this document or these standards. The LIAs service as secretariat does not constitute, and LIA does not make any endorsement, warranty, or referra

27、l of any particular standards, practices, goods, or services that may be referenced in this document. The LIA also makes no guarantee or warranty as to the accuracy or completeness of any information published herein. The LIA has no power, nor does it undertake to police or enforce compliance with t

28、he contents of this document. In issuing and making this document available, the LIA is not undertaking to render professional or other services for or on behalf of any person or entity. Nor is the LIA undertaking to perform any duty owed by any person or entity to someone else. Anyone using this do

29、cument should rely on his or her own independent judgment or, as appropriate, seek the advice of a competent professional in determining the exercise of reasonable care in any given circumstances. v Participants At the time it approved this standard, ASC Z136 had the following members: Organization

30、Represented Name of Representative Academy of Laser Dentistry Joel White Altos Photonics, Inc. Lucian Hand American Academy of Dermatology Mark Nestor American College of Obstetricians graduate level research laboratories should comply with the latest version of ANSI Z136.1. The hazard evaluation pr

31、ocedure used in this standard is based on the classification (Class 1 through Class 4) of the laser or laser system, which is related to the ability of the laser beam to cause biological damage to the eye or skin during intended use. The amount of laser radiation emitted from Class 1 lasers and lase

32、r systems is considered to be non-hazardous; Class 4 lasers and laser systems possess the highest potential hazard. 1.2.1 Laser Classification. Lasers and laser systems are classified by their potential hazard in ANSI Z136.1-2007 by using a scheme of Class 1 through Class 4. The scheme is based on t

33、he laser beams ability to cause biological damage to the eye and skin, and pose a fire hazard. Class 1 lasers and laser systems beams are considered non-hazardous while Class 4 lasers possess the highest potential hazard. This laser hazard classification scheme is outlined in Section 3 and detailed

34、in ANSI Z136.1-2007. Hazard controls relative to the class of the laser or laser system are discussed in Section 4 of this standard. Lasers placed into commerce after 1976 are classified by the manufacturer in accordance with the Federal Laser Product Performance Standard (FLPPS) 21 CFR Part 1040.10

35、. Classification of a laser or laser system that was either developed at the academic institution or has been modified such that the class may change is the responsibility of the laser safety officer (LSO) (see Section 1.2.2). AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Z136.5-2009 2 1.2.2 Laser Safety Officer (LSO)

36、. The LSO is an individual who shall be designated by the administration of the educational institution to administer and manage the laser safety program. The LSO shall have the authority and responsibility to monitor and enforce the control of laser hazards, to effect the training of individuals wh

37、o are involved with the use of laser technology and applications, and to enforce the knowledgeable evaluation and control of laser hazards. Since many persons under the direction of the LSO are encountering laser technology and applications for the first time, the person designated for this position

38、 shall possess a sense of duty to the “laser novices” under his or her administration. The LSO position may be a part-time appointment. An LSO shall be designated in all educational institutions involved with the operation, maintenance or service of Class 3B and 4 lasers or laser systems (see Sectio

39、n 3 for hazard class designation). Operation, maintenance, or service of Classes 1, 1M, 2, 2M and 3R (some former 3a) lasers and laser systems normally does not require an LSO. However, for Classes 1, 1M, 2, 2M or 3R laser systems that contain an embedded Class 3B or 4 laser, it shall be the respons

40、ibility of the organization, such as the service company, to designate a representative to act as a temporary LSO if access to an embedded laser is required. Although primary and secondary educational institutions using only laser systems below Class 3B normally do not require the designation of an

41、LSO, when large groups of students are using lasers in an insufficiently controlled environment informed supervision may be required. The administration shall have the authority to require the power level of a laser or laser system be reduced if it is determined to be excessive for the intended purp

42、ose. For example, a Class 2 or 3R laser or laser system may be used instead of a visible or invisible Class 3B laser or laser system. In all instances, the lowest power level required for the project should be used. In recognition of the fact that an LSO may not be present in primary and secondary s

43、chools, all lesson plans or demonstrations involving lasers should be reviewed by a knowledgeable individual for laser safety controls. These controls are a required part of the laser plan and demonstration. The following table summarizes when an LSO is required based on the highest class laser or l

44、aser system present in an educational institution. Table 1. LSO Requirements for Laser Classes Class LSO 1 and 1M Not Required 2 and 2M Not Required 3R Not Required 3B Required 4 Required In addition to the above responsibilities, the LSO has the following specific responsibilities: 1.2.2.1 Classifi

45、cation. The LSO shall be responsible for effecting the classification or verification of the classification of Class 3B and 4 lasers and laser systems used under the LSOs jurisdiction. Unmodified lasers or laser systems classified by the manufacturer in AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Z136.5-2009 3 accor

46、dance with FLPPS may be considered as fulfilling all classification requirements of this standard. In cases where the laser or laser system classification is not provided or where classification may change due to the addition or deletion of engineering controls, the laser or laser system shall be cl

47、assified in accordance with the procedures prescribed in ANSI Z136.1-2007 or IEC 60825-1 Ed. 2.0 (2007). 1.2.2.2 Hazard Evaluation. The LSO shall be responsible for the hazard evaluation of laser work areas, as prescribed in ANSI Z136.1-2007. The hazard evaluation shall consider the level of maturit

48、y and ability of each person who is to be permitted within the nominal hazard zone (NHZ) (see Section 3). The LSO shall inspect all teaching setups involving the use of lasers and shall have the responsibility to immediately notify the teacher or administrator of a potentially hazardous condition in

49、 order to discontinue, cancel, or postpone a demonstration or research project until the condition has been rectified. 1.2.2.3 Controls. The LSO shall be responsible for ensuring that the prescribed controls are in effect (see Section 4), recommending or approving substitute or alternate controls when primary controls are not feasible or practical, and periodically auditing the functionality of the controls in use. 1.2.2.4 Procedural Approvals. The LSO shall approve a lesson plan involving the demonstration of a laser product. Once approved, this lesson plan can be reused without