ANSI LIA LASER Z136.6-2015 Safe Use of Lasers Outdoors.pdf

1、 ANSI Z136.6 2015 American National Standard for Safe Use of Lasers Outdoors ANSI Z136.6 2015 Revision of ANSI Z136.6-2005 American National Standard for Safe Use of Lasers Outdoors Secretariat Laser Institute of America Approved October 5, 2015 American National Standards Institute, Inc. American N

2、ational Standard An American National Standard implies a consensus of those substantially concerned with its scope and provisions. An American National Standard is intended as a guide to aid the manufacturer, the consumer, and the general public. The existence of an American National Standard does n

3、ot in any respect preclude anyone, whether or not he or she has approved the standard, from manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or using products, processes or procedures not conforming to the standard. American National Standards are subject to periodic review and users are encouraged to obtain t

4、he latest editions. CAUTION NOTICE: This American National Standard may be revised or withdrawn at any time. The procedures of the American National Standards Institute require that action be taken periodically to reaffirm, revise, or withdraw this standard no later than five years from the date of

5、publication. Purchasers of American National Standards may receive current information on all standards by calling or writing the American National Standards Institute. Published by Laser Institute of America 13501 Ingenuity Drive, Suite 128 Orlando, FL 32826 ISBN: 978-1-940168-07-4 Copyright 2015 b

6、y Laser Institute of America. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be copied or reproduced in any form, including an electronic retrieval system or be made available on the Internet, a public network, by satellite, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher.

7、Printed in the United States of America. i Foreword (This introduction is not a normative part of ANSI Z136.6-2015, American National Standard for Safe Use of Lasers Outdoors.) In 1968, the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) approved the initiation of the Safe Use of Lasers Standards Proje

8、ct under the sponsorship of the Telephone Group. Prior to 1985, Z136 standards were developed by ANSI Committee Z136 and submitted for approval and issuance as ANSI Z136 standards. Since 1985, Z136 standards have been developed by the ANSI Accredited Standards Committee (ASC) Z136 for Safe Use of La

9、sers. A copy of the procedures for development of these standards can be obtained from the secretariat, Laser Institute of America, 13501 Ingenuity Drive, Suite 128, Orlando, FL 32826, or viewed at www.z136.org. The present scope of ASC Z136 is to protect against hazards associated with the use of l

10、asers and optically radiating diodes. ASC Z136 is responsible for the development and maintenance of this standard. In addition to the consensus body, ASC Z136 is composed of standards subcommittees (SSC) and technical subcommittees (TSC) involved in Z136 standards development and an editorial worki

11、ng group (EWG). At the time of this printing, the following standards and technical subcommittees were active: SSC-1 Safe Use of Lasers (parent document) SSC-2 Safe Use of Lasers and LEDs in Telecommunications Applications SSC-3 Safe Use of Lasers in Health Care SSC-4 Measurements and Instrumentatio

12、n SSC-5 Safe Use of Lasers in Educational Institutions SSC-6 Safe Use of Lasers Outdoors SSC-7 Eyewear and Protective Barriers SSC-8 Safe Use of Lasers in Research, Development, and Testing SSC-9 Safe Use of Lasers in Manufacturing Environments SSC-10 Safe Use of Lasers in Entertainment, Displays, a

13、nd Exhibitions TSC-1 Biological Effects and Medical Surveillance TSC-2 Hazard Evaluation and Classification TSC-4 Control Measures and Training TSC-5 Non-Beam Hazards TSC-7 Analysis and Applications EWG Editorial Working Group ii The nine standards currently issued are: ANSI Z136.1-2014, American Na

14、tional Standard for Safe Use of Lasers ANSI Z136.2-2012, American National Standard for Safe Use of Optical Fiber Communication Systems Utilizing Laser Diode and LED Sources ANSI Z136.3-2011, American National Standard for Safe Use of Lasers in Health Care ANSI Z136.4-2010, American National Standar

15、d Recommended Practice for Laser Safety Measurements for Hazard Evaluation ANSI Z136.5-2009, American National Standard for Safe Use of Lasers in Educational Institutions ANSI Z136.6-2015, American National Standard for Safe Use of Lasers Outdoors ANSI Z136.7-2008, American National Standard for Tes

16、ting and Labeling of Laser Protective Equipment ANSI Z136.8-2012, American National Standard for Safe Use of Lasers in Research, Development, or Testing ANSI Z136.9-2013, American National Standard for Safe Use of Lasers in Manufacturing Environments This American National Standard provides guidance

17、 for the safe use of lasers and laser systems in an outdoor environment, including laser products that have been granted a variance or exemption from the provisions of the Federal Laser Product Performance Standard (21 CFR 1040). Products and applications covered include laser light shows, lasers us

18、ed for outdoor scientific research, and military lasers. In addition to injurious levels of optical radiation, which are covered in other ANSI Z136 standards, this standard also covers possible indirect hazards such as visual interference that can be caused by exposure to visible laser radiation, pa

19、rticularly at night. Development of this standard has been a collaborative effort of members of the SAE G-10 Committee, laser light show industry, DoD, FDA/CDRH, FAA, NASA, laser and laser light show manufacturers, and laser users including scientists and astronomers. This document serves as a compa

20、nion to the SAE Aerospace Standard AS4970, 21 CFR 040, FAA Order 7400.2 and related FAA documents, Military Standard 1425A, and Military Handbook 828B, for determining the hazards from outdoor laser operations. This standard provides acceptable levels of irradiation in particular defined zones of na

21、vigable airspace in order to minimize visual interference to aircrews. These zones were created to reduce illumination levels of aircrews during critical phases of flight, primarily during takeoff and iii landing, in response to numerous incidents of aircraft illuminations that have occurred during

22、the past several years. These defined levels of irradiation may also apply to operators of vehicles other than aircraft. As more powerful commercial off the shelf lasers have become available, the threat to aircraft and other vehicles from illumination by a laser has increased. For visible laser exp

23、osure, indirect hazards due to hampered vision have been demonstrated at levels below the levels that would cause permanent eye injury. This standard has been published as part of the American National Standard Z136 series. The basic document is American National Standard for Safe Use of Lasers, ANS

24、I Z136.1. In general, this standard may be used independently of ANSI Z136.1. Instances where additional guidance contained in ANSI Z136.1 is required are noted in this document. It is expected that this standard will be periodically revised as new information and experience in the use of lasers are

25、 gained. Future revisions may have modified content and the use of the most current document is highly recommended. While there is considerable compatibility among existing laser safety standards, some requirements differ among state, federal, and international standards. These differences may have

26、an effect on the particulars of the applicable control measures. Occasionally questions may arise regarding the meaning or intent of portions of this standard as it relates to specific applications. When the need for an interpretation is brought to the attention of the secretariat, the secretariat w

27、ill initiate action to prepare an appropriate response. Since ANSI Z136 standards represent a consensus of concerned interests, it is important to ensure that any interpretation has also received the concurrence of a balance of interests. For this reason, the secretariat is not able to provide an in

28、stant response to interpretation requests except in those cases where the matter has previously received formal consideration. Requests for interpretations and suggestions for improvements of the standard are welcome. They should be sent to ASC Z136 Secretariat, Laser Institute of America, 13501 Ing

29、enuity Drive, Suite 128, Orlando, FL 32826. This standard was developed by Standards Subcommittee 6 (SSC-6) “Safe Use of Lasers Outdoors” and approved by ANSI Accredited Standards Committee (ASC) Z136 for Safe Use of Lasers. Committee approval of the standard does not necessarily imply that all memb

30、ers voted for its approval. Robert Thomas, Committee Chair Sheldon Zimmerman, Committee Vice-Chair Ben Edwards, Committee Secretary iv Notice (This notice is not a normative part of ANSI Z136.6-2015, American National Standard for Safe Use of Lasers Outdoors.) Z136 standards and recommended practice

31、s are developed through a consensus standards development process approved by the American National Standards Institute. The process brings together volunteers representing varied viewpoints and interests to achieve consensus on laser safety related issues. As secretariat to ASC Z136, the Laser Inst

32、itute of America (LIA) administers the process and provides financial and clerical support to the committee. The LIA and its directors, officers, employees, members, affiliates, and sponsors, expressly disclaim liability for any personal injury, property, or other damages of any nature whatsoever, w

33、hether special, indirect, consequential, or compensatory, directly or indirectly resulting from the publication, use of, or reliance on this document or these standards. The LIAs service as secretariat does not constitute, and LIA does not make any endorsement, warranty, or referral of any particula

34、r standards, practices, goods, or services that may be referenced in this document. The LIA also makes no guarantee or warranty as to the accuracy or completeness of any information published herein. The LIA has no power, nor does it undertake to police or enforce compliance with the contents of thi

35、s document. In issuing and making this document available, the LIA is not undertaking to render professional or other services for or on behalf of any person or entity. Nor is the LIA undertaking to perform any duty owed by any person or entity to someone else. Anyone using this document should rely

36、 on his or her own independent judgment or, as appropriate, seek the advice of a competent professional in determining the exercise of reasonable care in any given circumstances. v Participants At the time it approved this standard, ASC Z136 had the following members: Organization Represented Name o

37、f Representative Academy of Laser Dentistry Scott Benjamin Altos Photonics, Inc. Lucian Hand American Academy of Dermatology Ray Jalian American College of Obstetricians when the year of publication is not shown, the reference is to the latest revision of that standard. AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Z1

38、36.6-2015 3 1.3.2 FAA. Users of Class 3B and Class 4 lasers used for demonstration purposes are required to obtain a letter of non-objection from the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) as a condition of compliance with their FDA variance. Additionally, the FAA requests the operators of other Clas

39、s 3B and Class 4 lasers with beams that could enter navigable airspace to coordinate with them at least 90 days prior to laser operations, when feasible. These steps are intended to reduce the likelihood that people are exposed to hazardous laser radiation and that the laser energy will not interfer

40、e with FAA approved flight operations (see 4.5, and Appendixes A, E, and F). For further information, see Advisory Circular, AC 70-1 available at http:/www.faa.gov. 1.3.3 Laser Clearinghouse. When operating unterminated lasers that have a very small divergence and can pose high irradiance or fluence

41、 values at high altitudes, it may be necessary to deconflict potential issues with satellites by contacting the U.S. Strategic Command Laser Clearinghouse at (805) 606-1282. 1.3.4 Military/Department of Energy. Users of Class 3B and Class 4 lasers operating through special use airspace, as designate

42、d by the FAA for DoD or Department of Energy (DOE) use, even if the maximum permissible exposure (MPE) is not exceeded in that area, shall contact the local military authorities to ensure that the use will not interfere with military or DOE operations. These authorities should also be contacted when

43、 propagating all other lasers through their airspace. 1.3.5 Federal/State/Local Authorities. Federal, state, and local law may require special coordination or registration. Laws are currently in place and more are being considered that would further restrict the use of lasers outdoors, particularly

44、when used in the navigable airspace. When propagating laser beams through special use airspace, the user should coordinate with the appropriate airspace controlling agency. 1.3.6 Others. When laser beams cross property lines, the property owner should be notified if human exposure in excess of the M

45、PE is possible. However, positive beam control shall be in place to ensure that unintentional exposures above the MPE do not occur. See Sections 4.3.4 and 4.4.3. 1.4 Laser Safety Officer (LSO). For Class 3B and Class 4 outdoor operations, an individual shall be designated as the LSO by the employer,

46、 system owner, and/or property owner as necessary. The LSO shall have both the authority and the responsibility to effect the knowledgeable evaluation of laser hazards and to monitor and enforce their control. The LSO duties may include: a) classifying or verifying classification of laser systems un

47、der the LSOs jurisdiction b) performing a hazard analysis of laser work areas including establishment of hazard zones c) ensuring that the prescribed control measures are in effect d) recommending or approving substitute or alternate control measures when the primary ones are not feasible or practic

48、al e) periodically auditing the functionality of the control measures in use f) approving SOPs AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Z136.6-2015 4 g) recommending or approving protective equipment and ensuring that the protective equipment is audited periodically to ensure it is in proper working order h) appr

49、oving the wording on area warning signs and equipment labels i) approving laser installation facilities and laser equipment prior to use j) ensuring that the safety features of the laser installation facilities and laser equipment are audited periodically to assure proper operation k) ensuring that adequate safety education and training are provided to personnel within the nominal hazard zone (NHZ) 1.5 Applications. This standard provides guidance for all uses of lasers outdoors (except for fixed, terrestrial, point-to-point free-space optical telecommunications systems), for person