ImageVerifierCode 换一换
格式:PDF , 页数:62 ,大小:2MB ,
资源ID:437457      下载积分:10000 积分
快捷下载
登录下载
邮箱/手机:
温馨提示:
如需开发票,请勿充值!快捷下载时,用户名和密码都是您填写的邮箱或者手机号,方便查询和重复下载(系统自动生成)。
如填写123,账号就是123,密码也是123。
特别说明:
请自助下载,系统不会自动发送文件的哦; 如果您已付费,想二次下载,请登录后访问:我的下载记录
支付方式: 支付宝扫码支付 微信扫码支付   
注意:如需开发票,请勿充值!
验证码:   换一换

加入VIP,免费下载
 

温馨提示:由于个人手机设置不同,如果发现不能下载,请复制以下地址【http://www.mydoc123.com/d-437457.html】到电脑端继续下载(重复下载不扣费)。

已注册用户请登录:
账号:
密码:
验证码:   换一换
  忘记密码?
三方登录: 微信登录  

下载须知

1: 本站所有资源如无特殊说明,都需要本地电脑安装OFFICE2007和PDF阅读器。
2: 试题试卷类文档,如果标题没有明确说明有答案则都视为没有答案,请知晓。
3: 文件的所有权益归上传用户所有。
4. 未经权益所有人同意不得将文件中的内容挪作商业或盈利用途。
5. 本站仅提供交流平台,并不能对任何下载内容负责。
6. 下载文件中如有侵权或不适当内容,请与我们联系,我们立即纠正。
7. 本站不保证下载资源的准确性、安全性和完整性, 同时也不承担用户因使用这些下载资源对自己和他人造成任何形式的伤害或损失。

版权提示 | 免责声明

本文(ANSI NEIS 412-2012 Standard for Installing and Maintaining Photovoltaic (PV) Power Systems.pdf)为本站会员(eastlab115)主动上传,麦多课文库仅提供信息存储空间,仅对用户上传内容的表现方式做保护处理,对上载内容本身不做任何修改或编辑。 若此文所含内容侵犯了您的版权或隐私,请立即通知麦多课文库(发送邮件至master@mydoc123.com或直接QQ联系客服),我们立即给予删除!

ANSI NEIS 412-2012 Standard for Installing and Maintaining Photovoltaic (PV) Power Systems.pdf

1、 An Americ An nA tion Al St And Ard NECA 412-2012 Standard for Installing and Maintaining Photovoltaic (PV) Power Systems Published by National Electrical Contractors AssociationT #% $% #ional $;andard u!iem $afe; Genera Safe Wor? Practices ectrica !azards attery Systems ns;alling $olar “ho;ovol;ai+

2、 “oer $s;ems Genera Potovotaic rrays %a*le of on;en;s iv Inverters and er $s;ems nne? #eferen+e $;andardsN #% $% #s and ppli+a;ions n+lded Tis standard covers te instaation of ow votage and potovotaic power systems rated V and ess for grid connected and stand aone operation for residentia commercia

3、and industria appications See igure for an exampe of potovotaic modues forming an array tat is part of a potovotaic power system “rod+;s and ppli+a;ions ?+lded Tis standard does not appy to soar eating systems or potovotaic power systems rated more tan V #egla;or and !;her #eqiremen;s a information

4、in tis pubication is intended to conform to te Nationa ectrica ode NSI NP Standard Instaers sa compy wit te N appicabe state and oca codes and manufacturers instructions wen instaing soar potovotaic power systems b Ony quaified persons as defined in te N famiiar wit te construction and instaation of

5、 soar potovotaic power systems soud perform te tecnica wor? described in tis pubication dministrative functions suc as receiving anding and storing required in Section and oter tas?s can be performed under te supervision of a quaified person wor? soud be performed in accordance wit NP erna;ingrren;

6、a+ odle l;erna;ing rren; “ho;ovol;ai+ odle compete environmentay protected unit consisting of soar ces optics inverter and oter components excusive of trac?er designed to generate ac power wen exposed to sunigt rra mecanicay integrated assemby of modues or panes wit a support structure and foundatio

7、n trac?er and oter components as required instaed as a system to form a directcurrent power producing unit See igure for an exampe of a potovotaic array ;hori; aving risdi+;ion n organization office or individua responsibe for enforcing te requirements of a code or standard or for approving equipmen

8、t materias an instaation or a procedure zim;h Te orientation ange of te soar array wit respect to soar sout expressed in degrees Sun position to te east of soar sout is typicay represented by a positive azimut ange were sun position to te west of soar sout is typicay represented by a negative azimut

9、 ange a;er n eectrocemica device tat transforms stored cemica energy into eectric energy during discarge a;er harger device tat can maintain a unidirectiona current in a battery in te opposite direction to tat during discarge tereby converting efini;ions igure ypical roof9ounted photovoltaic array $

10、hoto irol;e Liquid soution of diute sufuric acid in wic battery eements are immersed for te ifetime of te ce qipmen; ronding ond+;or Te conductive pats instaed to connect normay non current carrying meta parts of equipment togeter and to te system grounded conductor or to te grounding eectrode condu

11、ctor or bot rid+onne+;ed Generation tat operates in parae wit te eectric utiity grid rond Te eart ronded ronding onnected connecting to ground or to a conductive body tat extends te ground connection *rid $s;em system comprised of mutipe power sources Tese power sources may incude potovotaic wind mi

12、cro ydro generators enginedriven generators and oters but do not incude eectrica production and distribution networ? systems nergy storage systems suc as batteries do #% $% # angle Orientation ange of te sun wit respect to te orizon expressed in degrees nsola;ion Te average soar energy tat reaces te

13、 earts surface at a given ocation per day expressed as ?iowatt ours per square meter per day ?W m day n;era+;ive $s;em soar potovotaic system tat operates in parae wit and may deiver power to an eectrica production and distribution networ? or te purpose of tis definition an energy storage subsystem

14、of a soar potovotaic system suc as a battery is not anoter eectrica production source nver;er quipment tat is used to cange votage eve or waveform or bot of eectrica energy ommony an inverter aso ?nown as a power conditioning unit PU or power conversion system PS is a device tat canges dc input to a

15、n ac output Inverters may aso function as battery cargers tat use aternating current from anoter source and convert it into direct current for carging batteries See igure for an exampe of a sma inverter instaed for a PV system nver;er np; ir+i; onductors between te inverter and te battery in stand a

16、one systems or te conductors between te inverter and te potovotaic output circuits for eectrica production and distribution networ? nver;er !;p; ir+i; onductors between te inverter and an ac paneboard for stand aone systems or te conductors between te inverter and te service equipment or anoter eect

17、ric power production source suc as a utiity for eectrica production and distribution networ? nver;er +on;rols ontros tat reguate power conversion from to syncronize to te eectric utiity grid monitor bus votage and frequency and provide protection in te event of a faut faiure or abnorma operating con

18、dition odle compete environmentay protected unit consisting of soar ces optics and oter components excusive of trac?er designed to generate dc power wen exposed to sunigt onopole $*arra PV subarray tat as two conductors in te output circuit one positive and one negative Two monopoe PV subarrays are

19、used to form a bipoar PV array Ne;me;ering Utiity biing practice tat permits power deivery from distributed generation sources to te eectric utiity grid across te utiity revenue meter N #% $% #iner $oer *er Power consumed by induction macusted for environmenta conditions at te instaed ocation $olar

20、+ell Te basic potovotaic device tat generates eectricity wen exposed to igt $olar rradia;ion Te tota amount of soar energy accumuated on an area over time typicay expressed as ?iowatt ours per square meter ?W m Soar irradiation is te principe measurement used to quantify soar energy production over

21、time so see Insoation and Pea? Sun !ours $olar modle Severa soar ces tat are eectricay and mecanicay interconnected and encapsuated $olar “ho;ovol;ai+ $s;em Te tota components and subsystems tat in combination convert soar energy into eectric energy suitabe for connection to a utiization oad $;andlo

22、ne $s;em soar potovotaic system tat suppies power independenty of an eectrica production and distribution networ? See igure next page as an exampe of a stand aone system $*arra n eectrica subset of a PV array #% $% #ion Process of matcing te operating votage frequency and pase ange of one source to

23、anoter source prior to paraeing te sources togeter %il; angle Te orientation ange of te soar array wit respect to te orizon expressed in degrees &;ili;in;era+;ive inver;er n inverter intended for use in parae operation wit an eectric utiity to suppy common oads tat may deiver power to te utiity N #%

24、 $% #rod+;ion igure a?ic co9ponent? of a photovoltaic ?y?te9 +illu?tration i? intended a? a concept only igure ypical photovoltaic ?y?te9 with battery ?torage dc ?y?te9 output +“ote hi? i? a ?i9plified diagra9 concept and i? not intended to ?how all wiring grounding bonding overcurrent protection an

25、d ?o forthtransfer from ter $s;em !pera;ion Power output from a soar potovotaic array is greatest on a brigt sunny day wit ow ambient temperature Soar power output drops off wit sunigt intensity suc as during coudy days wen te soar panes are saded in some way at sun up dus? or oter times wen te soar

26、 panes are not pointed directy at te sun Soar power production aso drops off as te soar panes eat up suc as on a very ot summer day Severa factors affect soar power production incuding atmosperic conditions ambient temperature and ground snow cover tmosperic conditions suc as coudy overcast s?ies ig

27、 umidity or poution in te air and te tic?ness of te atmospere due to eevation can negativey affect soar power production Soar power production is most efficient in ower ambient temperatures as cooer conductors and equipment suc as soar panes and inverters operates more efficienty and drops off wit i

28、ncreasing operating temperature of equipment inay ground snow cover can increase soar power production by refecting soar energy from te ground into soar panes Soar potovotaic power is a passive generation tecnoogy Soar power generation is a function of sunigt magnitude and duration Wen te sun sines

29、soar potovotaic power systems generate power Wen tere is no sunigt no power is produced Soar power generation cannot be increased in response to an increase in te oad Once a soar potovotaic power system is instaed and activated tere is no contro over ow muc soar power is generated onsequenty soar po

30、wer generation cannot be predicted at any given time Soar power generation owever can be accuratey predicted over a reativey ong period of time s a passive generation tecnoogy soar panes ony produce power wen exposed to sunigt and cannot store energy for ater use or grid connected systems soar power

31、 is ony avaiabe wen te eectric utiity grid is operationa !ybrid soar potovotaic power systems ave battery bac?up and are capabe of stand aone operation wen te eectric utiity grid is not avaiabe Off grid or stand aone soar potovotaic power systems require energy storage batteries and or aternative po

32、wer generation sources to provide power during nondayigt ours In genera soar panes must be ocated cear of obstructions and sadows tat can significanty reduce soar power production Soar panes must be ocated in areas wit sun exposure for most ours of te day Soar panes soud be oriented towards te sun a

33、nd tited at an ange tat maximizes soar power production Potovotaic power systems convert soar radiation into eectrica energy and deiver tat power to te eectrica power distribution system at te point of connection of te system Soar panes transform soar radiation into votage Soar panes are interconnec

34、ted as one or more soar arrays and suppy votage to one or more inverters Te inverter converts votage into an votage waveform tat is compatibe wit te eectrica distribution system deivering power to te grid Te inverter bot monitors contros and protects te potovotaic power system and te eectrica power N #% $% #&!i# # i#i#i# $v$!i $*% +&“&

copyright@ 2008-2019 麦多课文库(www.mydoc123.com)网站版权所有
备案/许可证编号:苏ICP备17064731号-1