ANSI NEMA C18.3M PART 2-2017 Portable Lithium Primary Cells and Batteries-Safety Standard.pdf

1、NEMA Standards PublicationNational Electrical Manufacturers AssociationANSI C18.3M, Part 2-2017Portable Lithium PrimaryCells and BatteriesSafety StandardANSI C18.3M, Part 2-2017 American National Standard for Portable Lithium Primary Cells and BatteriesSafety Standard Secretariat: National Electrica

2、l Manufacturers Association Approved: July 11, 2017 American National Standards Institute 2017 National Electrical Manufacturers Association NOTICE AND DISCLAIMER The information in this publication was considered technically sound by the consensus of persons engaged in the development and approval

3、of the document at the time it was developed. Consensus does not necessarily mean that there is unanimous agreement among every person participating in the development of this document. ANSI standards and guideline publications, of which the document contained herein is one, are developed through a

4、voluntary consensus standards development process. This process brings together volunteers and/or seeks out the views of persons who have an interest in the topic covered by this publication. While NEMA administers the process to promote fairness in the development of consensus, it does not write th

5、e document, and it does not independently test, evaluate, or verify the accuracy or completeness of any information or the soundness of any judgments contained in its standards and guideline publications. NEMA disclaims liability for any personal injury, property, or other damages of any nature what

6、soever, whether special, indirect, consequential, or compensatory, directly or indirectly resulting from the publication, use of, application, or reliance on this document. NEMA disclaims and makes no guaranty or warranty, expressed or implied, as to the accuracy or completeness of any information p

7、ublished herein, and disclaims and makes no warranty that the information in this document will fulfill any of your particular purposes or needs. NEMA does not undertake to guarantee the performance of any individual manufacturer or sellers products or services by virtue of this standard or guide. I

8、n publishing and making this document available, NEMA is not undertaking to render professional or other services for or on behalf of any person or entity, nor is NEMA undertaking to perform any duty owed by any person or entity to someone else. Anyone using this document should rely on his or her o

9、wn independent judgment or, as appropriate, seek the advice of a competent professional in determining the exercise of reasonable care in any given circumstances. Information and other standards on the topic covered by this publication may be available from other sources, which the user may wish to

10、consult for additional views or information not covered by this publication. NEMA has no power, nor does it undertake to police or enforce compliance with the contents of this document. NEMA does not certify, test, or inspect products, designs, or installations for safety or health purposes. Any cer

11、tification or other statement of compliance with any health- or safety-related information in this document shall not be attributable to NEMA and is solely the responsibility of the certifier or maker of the statement. ANSI C18.3M, Part 2-2017 Page i 2017 National Electrical Manufacturers Associatio

12、n AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Approval of an American National Standard requires verification by The American National Standards Institute, Inc. (ANSI) that the requirements for due process, consensus, and other criteria for approval have been met by the standards developer. An American National Stan

13、dard implies a consensus of those substantially concerned with its scope and provisions. Consensus is established when, in the judgment of the ANSI Board of Standards Review, substantial agreement has been reached by directly, and materially affected interests. Substantial agreement means much more

14、than a simple majority, but not necessarily unanimity. Consensus requires that all views and objections be considered and that a concerted effort be made toward their resolution. The existence of an American National Standard does not in any respect preclude anyone, whether s/he has approved the sta

15、ndard or not, from manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or using products, processes, or procedures not conforming to the standards. It is intended as a guide to aid the manufacturer, the consumer, and the general public. The American National Standards Institute, Inc., does not develop standards a

16、nd will in no circumstances give an interpretation of any American National Standard. Moreover, no person shall have the right or authority to issue an interpretation of an American National Standard in the name of the American National Standards Institute, Inc. Requests for interpretations should b

17、e addressed to the secretariat or sponsor whose name appears on this title page. CAUTION NOTICE: This American National Standard may be revised or withdrawn at any time. The procedures of the American National Standards Institute, Inc. require that action be taken periodically to reaffirm, revise, o

18、r withdraw this standard. Purchasers of American National Standards may receive current information on all standards by calling or writing the American National Standards Institute, Inc. Published by National Electrical Manufacturers Association 1300 North 17th Street, Suite 900 Rosslyn, VA 22209 20

19、17 National Electrical Manufacturers Association All rights, including translation into other languages, reserved under the Universal Copyright Convention, the Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works, and the International and Pan American copyright conventions. No part of

20、 this publication may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Printed in the United States of America ANSI C18.3M, Part 2-2017 Page ii 2017 National Electrical Manufacturers Association ANSI C18.3M, Part 2-2017

21、 Page iii 2017 National Electrical Manufacturers Association CONTENTS Foreword . v 1 Introduction 1 2 Scope. 1 3 Normative References . 1 4 Definitions . 1 5 Requirements for Safety . 3 5.1 Design . 3 5.1.1 General 3 5.1.2 Battery Case 3 5.1.3 Venting . 3 5.1.4 Temperature/Current Management . 4 5.1

22、.5 Multi-Cell Molded Plastic Battery Enclosure 4 5.1.6 Quality Assurance Plan 4 6 Type Approval 4 6.1 Sample Plan, Sample Size, and Test Sequence 4 6.2.1 Excessive Temperature Rise . 6 6.2.2 Leakage . 6 6.2.3 Mass Loss 6 6.2.4 Open Circuit Voltage 6 6.3 Overview of Tests and Acceptance Criteria (Tab

23、le 2) 7 7 Test Procedures and Compliance (Verification) . 8 7.1 General . 8 7.1.1 Test Temperature 8 7.1.2 Discharging Samples . 8 7.2 Pretest Conditions . 8 7.2.1 Dimensions 8 7.2.2 Open Circuit Voltage 8 7.2.3 Closed Circuit Voltage . 8 7.2.4 Insulation Resistance Test . 9 7.3 Intended Use Simulat

24、ion Tests . 9 7.3.1 Test A: Altitude Simulation . 9 7.3.2 Test B: Thermal Shock 10 7.3.3 Test C: Vibration 10 7.3.4 Test D: Mechanical Shock . 11 7.3.5 Test E: Partial Use . 12 7.4 Reasonably Foreseeable Misuse Tests 12 7.4.1 Test F: External Short-Circuit . 12 7.4.2 Test G: Forced Discharge 14 7.4.

25、3 Test H: Incorrect Installation 14 7.4.4 Test I: Free Fall (User Drop) 15 7.4.5 Test J: Crush 16 7.5 Design Consideration Tests 16 7.5.1 Test K: Thermal Abuse 16 7.5.2 Test L: Mold Stress 17 7.6 Other Test . 17 7.6.1 Test M: Impact . 17 8 Information for Safety 21 9 Instructions for Use . 22 ANSI C

26、18.3M, Part 2-2017 Page iv 2017 National Electrical Manufacturers Association 10 Marking . 22 10.1 General . 22 10.2 Small Size Batteries 23 Annex A (Informative) Guidance for Device Designers 24 Annex B (Informative) . 25 Guidelines for Packaging, Transportation, and Disposal . 25 Annex C (Normativ

27、e) . 27 Lithium Coin Packaging and Marking . 27 Annex D (Informative) . 28 Guidelines for Use of Icon 28 Annex E (Informative) . 29 Maximum Temperature During Usage 29 Annex F (Informative) . 30 Compliance checklist . 30 Annex G (Informative) . 31 Bibliography 31 Figures Figure 1 Small Cell or Batte

28、ry Gauge (Inner Dimensions) . 3 Figure 2 Sample Size for Single-Cell and Multi-Cell Batteries 5 Figure 3 Circuit Diagram for Test F: External Short-Circuit 13 Figure 4 Circuit Diagram for Test H: Incorrect Installation 15 Figure 5 Typical Memory Back-Up Circuit . 22 Tables Table 1 Maximum Mass Loss

29、6 Table 2 Acceptance Criteria 7 Table 3A Tests Required for Single Cell Batteries . 19 Table 3B Tests Required for Multi-Cell Batteries . 20 ANSI C18.3M, Part 2-2017 Page v 2017 National Electrical Manufacturers Association Foreword (This foreword is not part of American National Standard C18.3M, Pa

30、rt 2) In 1912, a committee of the American Electrochemical Society recommended standard methods to be used in testing dry cells. Their recommendations were followed five years later when the National Bureau of Standards prepared specifications that included cell sizes, arrangement of cells within ba

31、tteries, service tests, and required performance. The need for continued revision to the specification led to the authorization, by the American Engineering Standards committee, of a permanent sectional committee on dry cells, now portable cells. This committee, C18, representing battery users, manu

32、facturers, and government agencies, has remained active since that time. In April 1996, the then ANSI Accredited Standards Committee C18 on Specifications for Dry Cells and Batteries established a new general format for the publication of its standards, dividing the standard into two parts. Part 1 o

33、f this American National Standard for Portable Lithium Primary Cells and Batteries contains two basic sections. The first section has general requirements and information, such as the scope, applicable definitions, general descriptions of battery dimensions, terminal requirements, marking requiremen

34、ts, general design conditions, and test conditions. Section 2 of Part 1 is composed of specification sheets for various types of cells and batteries. This Part 2 of the standard, a separate document, contains safety requirements. The ANSI Committee C18 on Portable Cells and Batteries completed what

35、is in effect the first edition of this specification on safety requirements in 1999 under the sponsorship of the National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA). The purpose of the first edition was to harmonize with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) Publication 60086-4: Produ

36、ct Safety Standard for Primary Lithium Batteries. This second edition was undertaken to update the safety tests and keep them current with the best possible practices. This latest edition continues to consider and take into account the United Nations Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goo

37、ds. The current Model Regulations include lithium battery test recommendations in the Manual of Tests and Criteria. Additional consideration was given to IEC 62281 ed.1 Safety of primary and secondary lithium cells and batteries during transport. The purpose of these considerations was to harmonize

38、test procedures, where appropriate, and prevent the proliferation of unnecessary or redundant tests. Suggestions for the improvement of this standard are welcome. They should be sent to the National Electrical Manufacturers Association, 1300 N. 17th Street, Suite 900, Rosslyn, VA 22209, Attention: S

39、ecretary ANSI ASC C18. This standard was processed and approved for submittal to ANSI by the Accredited Standards Committee C18 on Portable Cells and Batteries. Committee approval of the standard does not necessarily imply that all committee members voted for its approval. At the time it approved th

40、is standard, the C18 committee had the following members: Steven Wicelinski, Chairperson Marcus Boolish, Vice-chairperson Khaled Masri, Secretary Name of Representative: Organization Represented: Heather Peterson Batteries Plus Bulbs David Grandin Bureau Veritas Consumer Product Services ANSI C18.3M

41、, Part 2-2017 Page vi 2017 National Electrical Manufacturers Association S. Keel Kelly Consultant Robert Coughlin Consumer Product Integrity Consulting, LLC Steven Wicelinski Duracell, Inc. Marcus Boolish Energizer Brands, LLC Carin Stuart Energizer Brands, LLC (Alt.) Douglas Golde Fisher-Price Thom

42、as OHara Intertek Rich Byczek Intertek (Alt.) Charles Monahan Panasonic Corporation of North America Jody Leber SGS North America John Hadley Spectrum Brands, Inc. Denis Carpenter Spectrum Brands, Inc. (Alt.) Andy Roszkowski Spectrum Brands, Inc. (Alt.) Laurie Florence UL LLC Jeff Ortega ZPower, LLC

43、 Tim Powers ZPower, LLC (Alt.) The members of Subcommittee C18-5 on Safety Standards who contributed to the development of this standard are: Carin Stuart, Chairperson Tom OHara, Vice-chairperson Khaled Masri, Secretary Jeff Becker Marcus Boolish Rich Byczek Denis Carpenter Robert Coughlin Laurie Fl

44、orence Douglas Golde David Grandin John Hadley Ray Iveson S. Keel Kelly Jody Leber Charles Monahan Thomas OHara Jeff Ortega Tim Powers Andy Roszkowski John Rotondo Carin Stuart Steven Wicelinski ANSI C18.3M, Part 2-2017 Page 1 2017 National Electrical Manufacturers Association 1 Introduction The con

45、cept of safety is closely related to safeguarding the integrity of people and property. This standard defines tests and requirements for primary lithium cells and batteries to ensure their safe operation under normal use and reasonably foreseeable misuse. Safety is a balance between freedom from ris

46、k of harm and other demands to be met by the product. There can be no absolute safety. Even at the highest level of safety, the product can only be relatively safe. In this respect, decision-making is based on risk evaluation and safety judgment. As safety will pose different problems, it is impossi

47、ble to provide a set of precise provisions and recommendations that will apply in every case. However, this standard, when followed on a judicious “use when applicable” basis, will provide reasonably consistent standards for safety. 2 Scope This American National Standard specifies tests and require

48、ments for portable primary lithium cells and batteries, both the chemical systems and the types covered in ANSI C18.3M, Part 1, to ensure their safe operation under normal use and reasonably foreseeable misuse. For reference, the chemical systems standardized in ANSI C18.3M, Part 1 are: Lithium carb

49、on monofluoride Lithium manganese dioxide Lithium iron disulfide 3 Normative References The following standard contains provisions that, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this American National Standard. All standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this American National Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent edition of the standard indicated below. ANSI C18.3M, Part 1, American National Standard for Portable Lithium Primary Cells and BatteriesGeneral and Specifications ANSI