ANSI NEMA C18.4M-2017 Portable Cells and Batteries - Environmental.pdf

1、NEMA Standards PublicationNational Electrical Manufacturers AssociationANSI C18.4M-2017Portable Cells and Batteries EnvironmentalANSI C18.4M-2017 American National Standard for Portable Cells and BatteriesEnvironmental Secretariat: National Electrical Manufacturers Association Approved: November 2,

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20、in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without prior written permission of the publisher. Printed in the United States of America ANSI C18.4M-2017 Page ii 2017 National Electrical Manufacturers Association ANSI C18.4M-2017 Page iii 2017 National Electrical Manufacturers Association CONTENTS

21、 Foreword v 1 Scope and Purpose . 1 1.1 Scope . 1 1.2 Purpose 1 2 Normative References . 1 3 Terms and Definitions 1 4 General Considerations . 2 5 Requirements for the Environment 3 5.1 General . 3 5.2 United States Public LawUS 104-142 3 5.3 State Laws 3 Mercury Content Laws . 3 5.3.1Collection an

22、d Recycling Requirements 3 5.3.2California Requirements 3 5.3.36 Test Procedures and Compliance . 4 6.1 United States Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)40 CFR Part 261 Subpart C 4 6.1.1 Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP)40 CFR 261.24 . 4 6.1.2 Ignitability40 CFR 261.21 . 4

23、6.1.3 Reactivity40 CFR 261.23 . 4 6.1.4 Corrosivity40 CFR 261.,22 . 5 6.2 Mercury content . 5 6.3 Lead content 5 6.4 Cadmium content . 5 7 Information for the environment . 5 7.1 Reduction . 5 7.2 Reuse . 5 7.3 Recycle . 5 7.3.1 Recycling Efficiency . 6 7.4 Disposal 6 7.5 Manufacturing 7 7.6 Transpo

24、rtation, storage, disposal, and recycling . 7 7.6.1 Packaging Considerations . 7 7.6.2 Battery Consideration 7 7.6.3 Protection of Terminals from Short Circuit . 7 8 Life Cycle Assessment . 7 9 Marking 7 9.1 Marking for Collection/Recycling 7 10 Battery Selection 7 Annex A (informative) Non-US Regul

25、ations Applicable To Batteries 9 A.1 EU REACH Directive 1907/2006/EC . 9 A.1.1 Phthalates 9 A.2 EU Battery Directive 2006/66/EC . 9 ANSI C18.4M-2017 Page iv 2017 National Electrical Manufacturers Association A.2.1 Marking for “Collection/Recycling” . 9 Annex B (informative) Non-US Regulations Not Ap

26、plicable To Batteries 10 B.1 RoHS 2 Directive 2011/65/EC 10 B.2 WEEE Directive 2002/96/EC 10 B.3 EuP Directive 2005/32/EC . 10 B.4 ErP 2009/125/EC . 10 B.5 PVC and Halogens per IEC 61249-2-21 10 B.6 Directive 2005/84/EC Phthalate Directive 10 B.7 Directive EC/1272/2008 Classification, Labeling and P

27、ackaging Directive . 10 Annex C (informative) US Regulations Not Applicable To Batteries . 11 C.1 California Proposition 65 11 C.2 Safety Data Sheets SDS 11 C.3 Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act (CPSIA) . 11 Annex D (Informative) Packaging 12 D.1 General . 12 Annex E (Informative) Article Info

28、rmation Sheet 13 Annex F (Informative) Compliance Checklist . 15 Annex G Bibliography 16 ANSI C18.4M-2017 Page v 2017 National Electrical Manufacturers Association Foreword (This foreword is not part of American National Standard C18.4M-2017.) The purpose of this publication is to provide guidance o

29、n the proper scientific protocols for testing the environmental performance of batteries. This includes the symbols used to convey messages for collection, recycling, or other ideas; and the aspects and functional unit(s) to be included in assessing the environmental impact of batteries with modern

30、life-cycle analysis techniques. While this publication covers portable primary cells and batteries, at the time of publication, the committee had started discussions about a similar publication for rechargeable batteries or inclusion of rechargeables in the next revision. This latest edition improve

31、s upon the 2015 edition by including details for article information sheets, a compliance checklist, extended producer responsibility and refined information on US and international requirements for environmental aspects as they relate or do not relate to batteries. Suggestions for improvement of th

32、is standard are welcome. They should be sent to: National Electrical Manufacturers Association, 1300 North 17thStreet, Suite 900, Rosslyn, VA 22209 Attention: Secretary ANSI ASC C18. This standard was processed and approved for submittal to ANSI by the Accredited Standards Committee on Portable Cell

33、s and Batteries, C18. Committee approval of the standard does not necessarily imply that all committee members voted for its approval. At the time it approved this standard, the C18 committee had the following members: Steven Wicelinski, Chairman, Duracell, Inc. Marcus Boolish, Vice-chairman, Energi

34、zer Brands, LLC Khaled Masri, Secretary, NEMA Name of Representative: Organization Represented Heather Peterson Batteries Plus Bulbs Jason Fladhammer Batteries Plus Bulbs David Grandin Bureau Veritas Consumer Product Services S. Keel Kelly Consultant Robert Coughlin Consumer Product Integrity Consul

35、ting, LLC Steven Wicelinski Duracell, Inc. Marcus Boolish Energizer Brands, LLC Carin Stuart Energizer Brands, LLC Douglas Golde Fisher-Price Thomas OHara Intertek Rich Byczek Intertek Cary Costello Kimberly-Clark Corporation Jeff Becker Micropower Battery Co. Charles Monahan Panasonic Corporation o

36、f North America Jody Leber SGS North America John Hadley Spectrum Brands, Inc. Denis Carpenter Spectrum Brands, Inc. Andy Roszkowski Spectrum Brands, Inc. Laurie Florence UL LLC Jeff Ortega ZPower, LLC Tim Powers ZPower, LLC ANSI C18.4M-2017 Page vi 2017 National Electrical Manufacturers Association

37、 The following members of Subcommittee C18-4 for Environmental Aspects for Batteries contributed to the development of this standard: Marcus Boolish, Chairman, Energizer Brands, LLC Charles Monahan, Vice-chairman, Panasonic Corporation of North America Khaled Masri, Secretary, NEMA Name of Represent

38、ative: Organization Represented Jeff Becker Micropower Battery Co. Marcus Boolish Energizer Brands, LLC Denis Carpenter Spectrum Brands, Inc. Cary Costello Kimberly-Clark Corporation Robert Coughlin Consumer Product Integrity Consulting, LLC Raju Desai Apple Inc. Jason Fladhammer Batteries Plus Bulb

39、s Laurie Florence UL LLC Douglas Golde Fisher-Price David Grandin Bureau Veritas Consumer Product Services John Hadley Spectrum Brands, Inc. Ray Iveson Duracell, Inc. Judith Jeevarajan Underwriters Laboratories Inc. S. Keel Kelly Consultant Jody Leber SGS North America Douglas Lee U. S. Consumer Pro

40、duct Safety Commission Charles Monahan Panasonic Corporation of North America Thomas OHara Intertek Jeff Ortega ZPower, LLC Heather Peterson Batteries Plus Bulbs Tim Powers ZPower, LLC Andy Roszkowski Spectrum Brands, Inc. Hirotaka Shima Hitachi Maxell, Ltd. Carin Stuart Energizer Brands, LLC Steven

41、 Wicelinski Duracell, Inc. ANSI C18.4M-2017 Page vii 2017 National Electrical Manufacturers Association Introduction Every product has some effect on the environment during its manufacture, distribution, use, and disposal. These effects can range from slight to significant; they can be short-term or

42、 long-term; and they can occur at the global, regional, or local level. Provisions in battery standards can significantly influence the extent of these environmental effects. Environmental stewardship in the battery industry embraces a multiplicity of activities, from design, manufacturing, transpor

43、tation, storage, and recycling, to disposal of the batteries. There are often questions on the applicability of regulations to batteries. This standard provides guidance on regulations applicable and not applicable to batteries, as well as procedures for measuring environmental characteristics. ANSI

44、 C18.4M-2017 Page viii 2017 National Electrical Manufacturers Association ANSI C18.4M-2017 Page 1 2017 National Electrical Manufacturers Association 1 Scope and Purpose 1.1 Scope This standard applies to all chemistries of portable primary cells and batteries standardized in the ANSI C18 series. 1.2

45、 Purpose This American National Standard is intended to: a. Raise awareness that provisions in battery standards can affect the environment in negative and positive ways; b. Outline the relationship between battery standards and the environment; c. Help avoid provisions in battery standards that mig

46、ht lead to adverse environmental effects; d. Emphasize that addressing environmental aspects in battery standards is a complex process that requires a balance in competing priorities; e. Recommend the use of recognized scientific methodologies when developing battery standards that incorporate envir

47、onmental aspects. In order to achieve this purpose, this standard: f. Sets forth general considerations that should be taken into account when developing battery standards which balance the need to achieve the intended product performance while reducing adverse environmental effects, and, g. Outline

48、s ways in which provisions in battery standards might affect the environment throughout the life cycle of battery products. 2 Normative References The following standards contain provisions that, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this American National Standard. At the time of

49、 publication, the editions indicated were valid. All standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this American National Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the standards indicated below. IEC GUIDE 109: 2012, Environmental aspectsInclusion in electrotechnical product standards ISO Draft GUIDE 64: 2008, Guide for the inclusion of environmental aspects in product standards ISO 14040: 2006, Environmental managementLife cycle assessmentPrinciples and framework 3 Terms and De