1、Serial Item and Contribution Identifier II (SICI) Bethesda, Maryland, U.S.A. About the National Information Standards Series NICO standards are developed by the Standards Committees of the National Information Standards Organization. The development process is a strenuous one that includes a rigorou
2、s peer review of proposed standards open to each NISO Voting Member and any other interested party. Final approval of the standard involves verification by the American National Standards Institute that its requirements for due process, consensus, and other approval criteria have been met by NISO. O
3、nce verified and approved, NISO Standards also become American National Standards. The use of an ANSI/NISO Standard is voluntary. That is, the existence of this NISO Standard does not preclude anyone, whether or not that person has adopted the NISO Standard, from manufacturing, marketing, purchasing
4、, or using products, processes, or procedures that do not conform to the NISO Standard. However, the use of standards (those developed by NISO as well as other standards- developing organizations) has proven to be in the best interests of any industry wishing to increase its effectiveness and effici
5、ency in the areas of product development, manufacturing, and marketing and, therefore, such use is encouraged by ANSI, NISO, and ali other standards-developing organizations. Each NISO standard is reviewed at least once every five years to confirm that it remains viable and useful in its current env
6、ironment. Comments for revision are welcome from any interested party. Proposed changes to this NICO Standard and suggestions for new NISO Standards should be sent to the NISO office at 4733 Bethesda Avenue, Suite 300, Bethesda, MD 20814. Occasionally, questions may arise concerning the meaning of s
7、pecific sections of a NICO standard. Interpretations can be obtained by writing to the NISO office. This NICO Standard may be revised or withdrawn at any time. Purchasers may receive current information on ali NISO standards by calling or writing: NISO Press Fulfillment Center P.O. Box 338 Oxon Hill
8、, MD 20750-0338 U.S.A. U.S. and Canada: 1-800-282-NISO (6476) Washington, DC area and outside the U.S.: 301-567-9522 FAX: 301-567-9553 ANSUNISO 239.56-1996 (Version 2) (Revision of ANSINiSO 239.56-1991) ISSN: 1041-5653 Serial Item and Contribution Identifier (SICI) Abstract: This standard defines th
9、e requirements for providing in coded form an identifier for each item of a serial and each contribution contained in a serial. An American National Standard Developed by the National Information Standards Organization Approved August 14,1996 by the American National Standards Institute Bethesda, Ma
10、ryland, U.S.A. STD-NISO Z39-5b-ENGL 1996 I3478708 0003170 228 Published by NISO Press 4733 Bethesda Avenue, Suite 300 Bethesda, MD 20814 Copyright 01997 by the National Information Standards Organization All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. No part of this
11、book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage or retrieval system, without prior permission in writing from the publisher. All inquiries should be addressed to NISO Press, 4733 Bethesda Avenue,
12、Bethesda, MD 20814. Printed in the United States of America ISSN: 1041-5653 National Information Standards series ISBN: 1-880124-28-9 This paper meets the requirements of ANSI/NISO 239.48-1992 (Permanence of Paper). Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data National Information Standards Or
13、ganization (U.S.) tion Standards Organization : approved August 14,1996 by the American National Standards Institute. Serial item and contribution identifier (SICI) / developed by the National Informa- p. cm. - (National information standards series, ISSN 1041-5653) “ANSI/NISO 239.56-1996.“ ISBN 1-8
14、80124-28-9 (alk. paper) 1. Serial publications-Bibliography-Methodology-Standards-United States. 2. Bibliographical citations-Standards-United States. I. American National Standards Institute. II. Title. III. Series. 26940.5.N38 1996 96-43631 025.3432-DC20 CIP STD-NISO Z39-5b-ENGL L77b bli78708 0003
15、171 Ibli ANSIINISO 239.56-1996 Contents Foreword V 1 . Introduction 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 2 . Purpose . 1 Scope . 1 Principles and Guidelines 1 The Structural Model for Identifiers 1 1.4.1 Code Structure Identifier in Control Segment 2 1.4.1.1 Code Structure Identifier-1 (CSI-1) . 2 1.4.1.2 Code Structu
16、re Identifier-2 (CSI-2) . 2 1.4.1.3 Code Structure Identifier-3 (CSI-3) . 3 Referenced Standards 3 3 . Definitions 3 4 . Character Sets 5 5 . Punctuation 6 6 . Segments and Data Elements 7 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 Overview of Data Elements and Segments . 7 Control Segment 7 6.2.1 Code Structure Identifier (C
17、SI) 8 6.2.2 Derivative Part Identifier (DPI) . 8 6.2.3 Medium/Format Identifier (MFI) . 8 6.2.4 Standard Version Number . 9 6.2.5 Check Character . 9 6.2.6 Summary of the Control Segment 9 Item Segment . 9 6.3.1 6.3.2 6.3.3 6.3.4 6.3.5 ISSN . io Chronology . 10 6.3.2.1 Date Used 10 6.3.2.2 Chronolog
18、y Format . 10 6.3.2.3 Combined Chronology 11 6.3.2.4 Calendar Used 11 Enumeration . 11 6.3.3.1 Combined Numbering 12 Supplements and Indexes 12 6.3.4.1 Supplements . 12 6.3.4.2 Indexes . 12 Summary of Item Segment Format . 13 . Contribution Segment 13 6.4.1 Location . 13 6.4.2 Title Code 14 (continu
19、ed) ANSI/NISO 239.56-1996 (Contents continued) 6.4.3 Supplements and Indexes 15 6.4.4 Locally Assigned Number for Use in CSI-3 15 6.4.5 Summary of Contribution Segment Format 16 7 . Maintenance Agency 16 Appendixes A B D E Calculation of the Modulus 37 Check Character . 17 Designation of Maintenance
20、 Agency . 18 C Usage Scenarios . 19 SICIs for Various Citations of the Same Article . 20 Related Standards and References . 22 Figures 1 2 3 Example of a CSI-1 2 Example of a CSI-2 2 Example of a CSI-3 2 Tables 1 2 3 Use of Punctuation in a SICI . 6 4 Data Element Requirements by Segment and CSI Typ
21、e 7 5 Medium/Format Codes . 9 6 Chronology Codes 10 A-1 A-2 Example of Check Character Calculation . 17 D-l Characters Used to Construct a SICI Code . 5 Legal Character Usage by Data Element for SICIs 5 Check Character Values . 17 SICIs for Various Citations of the Same Article . 20 Page iv STD-NISO
22、 Z39.5b-ENGL Lb m b1i78908 0003373 T37 = Foreword (This foreword is not part of the American National Standard for Serial Item and Contribution Identifier (SICI), ANSI/NISO 239.56-1996. It is included for information only.) About This Standard This Cerial Item and Contribution Identifier (SICI) stan
23、dard defines a variable length code that will provide unique identification of serial items (e.g., issues) and the contri- butions (e.g., articles) contained in a serial title. The standard is intended primarily for use by those involved in the use or management of serial titles and their contributi
24、ons. While the SICI code is intended to be applicable to both automated parsing and human- readable environments, it does not prescribe any specific machine-scannable symbol- ogy, nor does it prescribe a specific machine-readable interchange format for electronic transmission of the coded data. As a
25、 prescriptive standard, 239.56-1996 defines the requirements for constructing a compact SICI code that has a unique value for each unique bibliographic item.2 Every effort has been made to specify requirements that can be applied to the vast majority of serials and can be used in the many different
26、applications to which the code is appropriate. The significant developments in this version of the SICI include: A means for identif;ing a SICI structure type. This clarifies the distinction between a code used to specify a Serial Item or a Contribution Identifier. In addition it provides a structur
27、e that can accommodate other uses such as the incorporation of private numbering systems (e.g./ those used to track manuscripts prior to publication). Also, the structure provides an extensibility mechanism for future versions and applica- tions of the standard. A method for indicating the medium us
28、ed for distribution of serial items or contribu- tions being identified (e.g./ text on paper, microform, electronic). A way to specify a derivative part of the serial item (table of contents, index, etc.) or a contribution (e.g., abstract). No limit on word length in the construction of the Title Co
29、de. The Title Code has been expanded to a maximum of six characters and the rules for construction have been simplified and made more precise. The changes in the Title Code derivation algorithm should improve uniqueness of SICI codes for contributions. A change in the punctuation used to delimit dat
30、a elements. A nomenclature for modeling the discussion of logically-bound pieces of the identi- fier. The standard now models the SICI code as a sequence of well-defined segments: item, contribution, and control. The Serial Item Identifier carries data only in the Item and Control Segments (the Cont
31、ribution Segment is null); the Contribution Identifier uses all three. The standard has been reorganized to reflect this model. For the purposes of this standard serial is defined as a publication issued in successive parts at regular or irregular intervals, bearing numerical and/or chronological de
32、signation, and in- tended to be continued indefinitely. Serials include: periodicals, newspapers, annual works, reports, journals, proceedings, transactions and the like of societies and other corporate entities such as conferences, and numbered monographic series. * While the SICI speaks of a “uniq
33、ue“ value for each unique contribution, the reader should understand that theoretically two contributions can have identical SICI values. The design of the algorithms specified in this standard attempt to minimize the occurrence of this situation, and empirical tests indicate that duplicate SICI val
34、ues occur roughly once per million contribu- tions. The revision committee believes this is an acceptable balance between the conflicting design goals of uniqueness and compactness. Page v STD-NISO Z39-5b-ENGL L99b b1178708 0003374 973 FORE WORD ANSUNISO 239.56-1996 Background This standard began in
35、 the Serials Industry Systems Advisory Committee (SISAC). From its inception, SISAC recognized that methods for increasing the efficiency with which data about serials could be entered into any system depended on a standard for identi- fying not only the serial items themselves, but their components
36、. Therefore, in 1983, SISAC created a subcommittee to begin the development of such a standard. One of the SISAC subcommittees first tasks was to submit a proposal to the National Information Standards Organization (NISO) to develop the SICI as a formal NISO standard. NISO approved the proposal and
37、created Standards Committee CC to develop the standard that resulted in 239.56-1991. According to the normal standards revalidation and revision process, the 1991 standard would have been revisited in five years. However, in October of 1993, NISO convened a revision committee (Standards Committee AM
38、) to address issues that had arisen as experience in implementation was gained and as changes in electronic publishing and dissemination of serials occurred. Over the ten years since the work had begun on the first version of the standard, the broad practical relevance of a unique serial item and co
39、ntribution identifier code had become more evident. Electronic interlibrary loan had become a major activity among libraries and information centers worldwide, and an increasing amount of this activity derived from searches of existing bibliographic and abstracting and indexing (AM) databases. Other
40、 important new requirements were emerging from the electronic full-text journal, newspaper, and other databases with millions of articles now available in electronic form. By now, major library and commer- cial systems serving specific user groups have been established to support computer- based ele
41、ctronic document search, query, delivery, and original publication. The SICI standard provides the first common link between the authors and publishers original work, a citation, and the A for example, scholarly, trade, and popular, as well as domestic and foreign, regardless of physical form to all
42、ow independent derivation of the SICI code from the actual serial or a citation to it, regardless of whether the serial is currently published and/or whether the pub- lisher has placed the identifier on the serial to provide the briefest possible code consistent with unique identification to maintai
43、n consistency with and build upon other standards, such as the ISSN. With these initial goals in mind, the present revision committee, in reviewing ANSI/ NICO 239.56-1991, expanded its objectives to include: o o o o o Page vi the reevaluation of the use of mandatory and optional fields as related to
44、 date and title code the enrichment of the Contribution Segment of the string the expansion of the references supplied in the standard to include the sources of auxiliary information needed to construct the code the improved ability to compute and use CICIs from citations, a key requirement for inte
45、rfile linkage, document supply, and rights management applications, which have taken on increased importance the assurance that the SICI standard complements the work of other standards STD-NISO Z39.5b-ENGL 1996 = b1178708 0003375 BOT 9 ANSVNISO 239.56-1996 FOREWORD related to the identification of
46、documents especially in a networked environment the interoperability among SICIs derived from multiple sources. Comments on 239.56-1991 vs. 1996 Versions A conceptual model emerged from the revision committees early discussion of the strengths and weaknesses of ANSI/NISO 239.56-1991 based upon imple
47、mentation experience and the broader set of functional requirements now evident. There are three natural sections to the code: (a) groups of elements that describe the serial item, (b) the contribution, and (c) other management features related to the SICI itself. This frame- work guided the discuss
48、ions and decisions made to improve the standard. The first area addressed by the committee was the disambiguation of the SICI structure. ANSI/NISO 239.56-1991 had established two levels of coding: Serial Item Identifier - a unique code for the identification of an issue of a serial title Serial Cont
49、ribution Identifier -by adding data elements to the code that identifies the Serial Item, a unique code is created for each contribution that appears in the serial, even if more than one contribution begins on a given page (e.g., newspapers). ANSI/NISO 239.56-1996 establishes a method for specifying the coding structure. This data element is referred to as the Code Structure Identifier (CSI). The CSI is a numeric code at a specified position in the SICI string that allows both humans and computer systems to determine the coding level. At present, three CSIs are defined: CSI-1 spec
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