ANSI NSAA B77.2-2014 Funiculars - Safety Requirements (National Ski Areas Association Standards).pdf

1、American National Standardfor Funiculars Safety RequirementsANSI B77.2-2014ANSI B77.2-2014ANSIB77.2-2014Revision ofANSI B77.2-2004American National Standardfor Funiculars Safety RequirementsSecretariatNational Ski Areas AssociationApproved September 19, 2014American National Standards Institute, Inc

2、.Approval of an American National Standard requires review by ANSI that therequirements for due process, consensus, and other criteria for approval havebeen met by the standards developer.Consensus is established when, in the judgement of the ANSI Board ofStandards Review, substantial agreement has

3、been reached by directly andmaterially affected interests. Substantial agreement means much more thana simple majority, but not necessarily unanimity. Consensus requires that allviews and objections be considered, and that a concerted effort be madetowards their resolution.The use of American Nation

4、al Standards is completely voluntary; theirexistence does not in any respect preclude anyone, whether he has approvedthe standards or not, from manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or usingproducts, processes, or procedures not conforming to the standards.The American National Standards Institute d

5、oes not develop standards andwill in no circumstances give an interpretation of any American NationalStandard. Moreover, no person shall have the right or authority to issue aninterpretation of an American National Standard in the name of the AmericanNational Standards Institute. Requests for interp

6、retations should beaddressed to the secretariat or sponsor whose name appears on the titlepage of this standard.CAUTION NOTICE: This American National Standard may be revised orwithdrawn at any time. The procedures of the American National StandardsInstitute require that action be taken periodically

7、 to reaffirm, revise, orwithdraw this standard. Purchasers of American National Standards mayreceive current information on all standards by calling or writing the AmericanNational Standards Institute.American National StandardPublished byAmerican National Standards Institute, Inc.25 West 43rd Stree

8、t, New York, NY 10036Copyright 2014 by National Ski Areas AssociationAll rights reserved.No part of this publication may be reproduced in anyform, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise,without prior written permission of the publisher.Printed in the United States of AmericaiContentsPageFore

9、word iiSection 1 General requirements . 11.1 Scope 11.2 Purpose . 11.3 Reference to other codes and standards 21.4 Definitions 21.5 Quality assurance program . 5Section 2 Funiculars 72.1 Design and installation 72.2 Electrical design and installation . 212.3 Operation and maintenance 26Section 3 Nor

10、mative references . 33AnnexesA Wire Rope (normative) . 35A.1 Physical properties 35A.2 Testing. 35A.3 End connections for wire rope. 39A.4 Maintenance and replacement 40B Measuring the diameter of wire rope 43C Formulas for calculating allowable broken wires . 44D Ventilation. 45E Operator control d

11、evices (normative) . 46F Combustion engines and fuel handling (normative) . 47G International system of units (SI) metric conversion factors. 52Index . 54iiForeword (This foreword is not part of American National Standard ANSI B77.2-2014.)This standard deals with passenger transportation systems tha

12、t use wire ropes toprovide motion to the carriers that ride on rails or are contained by a guideway. Sev-eral names are used regionally to identify these systems (i.e., Cable Railways, In-clines, Planes), but are all considered Funiculars. These systems have uniquerequirements that rely on ropeway t

13、echnology. This standard will give guidance tothese systems that are not classified as elevators or Automated People Movers.This standard is a revision of ANSI B77.2-2004, American National Standard for Funiculars - Safety requirements, and was originally based on American NationalStandard for Passe

14、nger ropeways - Aerial tramways, aerial lifts, surface lifts, towsand conveyors - Safety requirements, ANSI B77.1-1999Section 1 provides the scope and general definitions for Funiculars covered in thisstandard. Sections 2 covers mechanical design, electrical design, and operational re-quirements. Th

15、ree (3) Normative Annexes and four (4) Informative Annexes are in-cluded in the standard. Normative Annexes are considered part of the standard.Informative Annexes are presented for the information provided and are not consid-ered part of this standard.Because of the diverse nature of the industries

16、 that may use this standard, it is rec-ommended that authorities having jurisdiction consider an effective date of one yearfrom the approval date of the standard. The approval date of this standard is a criteri-on selected by the committee and not by the American National Standards Institute.Suggest

17、ions regarding improvement of this standard are welcome. They should besent to the ASC B77, c/o National Ski Areas Association, 133 South Van GordonStreet, Suite 300, Lakewood, CO 80228 or e-mailed to ascb77nsaa.org.This standard was approved for submittal to ANSI by the Accredited Standards Com-mit

18、tee (ASC) B77 on Aerial Passenger Ropeways. Committee approval of the stan-dard does not necessarily imply that all the committee members voted for itsapproval or the approval of every requirement in the standard. At the time this stan-dard was approved, the ASC B77 Committee had the following membe

19、rs:Maynard Russell*, Chairman(MCR Services, LLC) Sid Roslund*, Committee Administrator (National Ski Areas Association)Lawrence Smith, P.E., Funicular Subcommittee Chairman(Colorado Passenger Tramway Safety Board)Organization Represented Name of RepresentativeAerial Engineering Frank JudgeAll Ski Li

20、fts Larry Wollum Alpine Engineering, LLC. Nils Ericksen, P.E.Kirsten Spafford (Alt.)Alta Ski Area. Onno Wieringa *Chad Woodman (Alt.)Alyeska Resort . Michelle CosperAspen Skiing Company Mark Thorpe*Beneficial Designs, Inc. Peter AxelsonBoyne Resorts John McGregor*Bretton Woods Ski Area . Alexa Berno

21、taviczChairkit North America . Marc Wood, P.E.*Deer Valley Resort Company. Chris AndersonJeff Miller (Alt.)iiiOrganization Represented Name of RepresentativeDoppelmayr USA, IncPaul Ehlert, P.E.Shawn Marquardt, P.E.Russell Roselius, P.E.Eldora Mountain Resort Jim Spenst *Engineering Specialities Grou

22、p.James Bunch, P.E.Mike Deiparine (Alt.)Jim Fletcher, P.E.Joel Deis (Alt.)Geise Engineering.Sam Geise, P.E.Gmuender Engineering, LLC Joe Gmuender, P.E.Gogebic Community College Jim Vander SpoelHyland Ski and Snowboard Area David ThomasTony Barten (Alt.)Killington Resort Jeff TempleLeitner-Poma of Am

23、erica, IncCharles Atchison, P.E.Tom Clink Jon MauchJ.F. Mugnier (Alt.)Nelson Tusberg, P.E.Magic Carpet Ski Lifts, Inc. .Dave KellyMountain Management Services, LLC Chris StoddardMountain Wire Rope Service Dale WaltersJonathan Anderson (Alt.)MountainGuard Insurance Programs Jimmy Lawrence*Mt Hood Mea

24、dows Ski Resort.Tom ScullyNational Ski Patrol.Mary DavisNorth Carolina Dept. of Labor .Thomas PettyPalm Springs Aerial Tramway.Terry ZakotnikPol-X West, Inc. Les Okreglak, P.E.Resort Consulting Services.Douglas ClydeRockwell Automation.Michael Kingsley, CFSES-K-I Electric .Bruce WymanSandia Peak Ski

25、 Area .George BoydenSkytrac, Inc. William HartmanAlan Hepner, P.E.Jan Leonard, P.E.Snowbird Ski maximum operating speed over 300 feet per minute (1.5 meters per second); complex guideway that may contain curves, variable inclinations and a passing zone; direct operator supervision. There are other t

26、ypes of transportation systems that utilize similar characteristics such as Incline Elevators (see ASME A17), Automated People Movers (see ASCE 40193), etc. The authority having jurisdiction, using information from the manufacturer and owner, shall specify any or all provisions of this standard that

27、 apply to the funicular. 1.2 Purpose The purpose of this standard is to develop a system of principles, specifications, and performance criteria that will meet the following objectives: a) reflect current state-of-the-art for funicular design, operation, and maintenance; b) be acceptable for adoptio

28、n by government agencies and others. It is recognized that certain dangers and risks are inherent in machines of this type and their operation. It is also recognized that inherent and other risks or dangers exist for those who are in the process of embarking, riding, or disembarking from funiculars.

29、 This system is intended to result in funiculars that are designed, constructed, operated, and maintained in a manner that helps reduce danger, exposure to risk to passengers and maintenance and operational personnel, and to encourage improvements in productivity, efficiency, development, and progre

30、ss consistent with the objectives. Such a system with these stated objectives constitutes a safety standard. 1.2.1 Other classifications Funicular configurations that do not fall within the definition specified in 1.4 - funicular, but fall within the general category of funiculars should be evaluate

31、d by the authority having jurisdiction based upon the design engineers specifications and the applicable provisions of this standard. 1.2.2 New materials and methods for funiculars Adoption of technological improvements in materials and advances in techniques is essential to enable the industry to k

32、eep pace with progress. If a designer or manufacturer proposes to use materials or methods not covered by this standard, those materials, methods, or both, shall be clearly identified. Complete design and test information shall be provided to the purchaser or the owner and the authority having juris

33、diction (see 1.4 authority having jurisdiction). 1.2.3 Exceptions Strict application of the provisions of this standard may not be appropriate in every instance. Wherever it may be proposed to depart from the provisions of this standard, the authority having jurisdiction may grant exceptions from th

34、e literal requirements or permit the use of other devices or methods that provide features comparable to those included in this standard. ANSI B77.2-2014 2 1.2.4 Installations 1.2.4.1 Existing installations Existing installations, and those with design review completed by the authority having jurisd

35、iction prior to the effective date of this standard, need not comply with the new or revised requirements of this edition, except where specifically required by the authority having jurisdiction. Operation and maintenance shall be in compliance with those requirements specifically listed (not includ

36、ed by reference) in the operation and maintenance subsection 2.3. and normative Annexes A and F in the most current edition of this standard. 1.2.4.2 Relocated installations An existing funicular, when removed and reinstalled, shall be classified as a new installation (see 1.2.4.3). 1.2.4.3 New inst

37、allations New installations, and those with a design review completed by the authority having jurisdiction after the effective date of this standard, shall comply with the new or revised requirements of this edition. 1.2.4.4 Modifications A modification shall be defined as an alteration of the curre

38、nt design of the funicular that results in any of the following: a) a change that increases the design speed of the system; b) a change in the rated capacity by changing the number of carriers, load capacity of the carriers, or a change in weight or carrier size; c) a change in the path of the rope

39、or guideway; d) a change in the type of brakes and devices or components thereof; e) a change in the structural arrangements; f) a change in energy source or type of power unit, evacuation power unit or alternate carrier unloading system (used in evacuations); g) a change of the control system logic

40、. Modified funiculars shall be inspected and/or tested to assure compliance with the modified design. Test procedures and inspection criteria shall be provided by the designer or manufacturer. 1.2.5 Interpretation of standard In cases where additional explanation or interpretation of this standard i

41、s required, such requests should be referred to Accredited Standards Committee (ASC) B77, c/o National Ski Areas Association, 133 South Van Gordon Street, Suite 300, Lakewood, CO 80228-1706 or e-mail ascb77nsaa.org. 1.3 Reference to other codes and standards The design, installation, operation, and

42、maintenance of funiculars and their components that are not covered by this standard should conform to applicable standards or codes. To the extent that they are available, applicable codes or standards shall be selected to cover all features, including, but not limited to, ADA, allowable unit stres

43、ses, and properties of materials. Each code or standard should be of the most recent issue, and the designer shall state which code or standard was followed. Features not covered by this standard, shall be handled in accordance with sound engineering judgment to the satisfaction of the authority hav

44、ing jurisdiction. 1.4 Definitions ADA accessible: Describes a site, building, facility, or portion thereof that complies with ADAAG (Americans with Disabilities Act Accessibility Guidelines). approved: The word “approved” means “approved by the authority having jurisdiction”. attendant: The individu

45、al assigned to particular duties or functions in the operation of a funicular (also see 1.4 supervisor). authority having jurisdiction: The phrase “authority having jurisdiction” means any government agency empowered to oversee the design, manufacture, construction, operation, maintenance, and use o

46、f funiculars. Where no such agency exists, the owner of the funicular shall be considered the authority having jurisdiction. auxiliary power unit (APU): Generic term to generally describe a gas or diesel engine generally used as a backup to the prime mover. It can be designated as a prime mover or e

47、vacuation power unit depending upon use and configuration. barrier: A device or object that provides a physical boundary to a hazard. Basic Life Support (BLS): Medically accepted non-invasive procedures used to sustain life. brake: A device consisting of one or more friction devices which if applied

48、, accomplishes braking. braking: The process of absorbing energy in order to maintain or reduce the speed of the funicular. NOTE The typical resistances effective in absorbing the energy of a funicular include: a) the inherent resistance in the system (e.g., friction); b) incidental resistance (e.g.

49、, slope, gravity, wind); c) applied resistance (e.g., brake, power unit regeneration). buffer: A device placed at the end of the carrier guideway, or installed on the carrier as an energy absorbing device in the event of overtravel. ANSI B77.2-2014 3 bullwheel: A large grooved wheel at a terminal that rotates continuously when the haul rope is moving and deflects the haul rope by an angle of 10 degrees or more. bullwheel, deflection: A bullwheel that deflects the haul rope at least 10 degrees. bullwheel, diameter of: Wherever the term diameter is used in specifying bullwhee