ANSI NSF 330-2015 Glossary of Drinking Water Treatment Unit Terminology《饮用水处理装置术语集》.pdf

1、NSF International Standard / American National StandardNSF/ANSI 330 - 2015 Glossary of Drinking Water Treatment Unit TerminologyNSF International, an independent, not-for-profit, non-governmental organization, is dedicated to being the leading global provider of public health and safety-based risk m

2、anagement solutions while serving the interests of all stakeholders. This Standard is subject to revision. Contact NSF to confirm this revision is current. Users of this Standard may request clarifications and interpretations, or propose revisions, by contacting: Chair, Joint Committee on Drinking W

3、ater Treatment Units c/o NSF International 789 North Dixboro Road, P. O. Box 130140 Ann Arbor, Michigan 48113-0140 USA Phone: (734) 769-8010 Telex: 753215 NSF INTL FAX: (734) 769-0109 E-mail: infonsf.org Web: http:/www.nsf.orgNSF/ANSI 330 2015 i NSF International Standard/ American National Standard

4、 for Drinking Water Treatment Units Glossary of drinking water treatment unit terminology Standard Developer NSF International NSF International Designated as an ANSI Standard October 27, 2015 American National Standards Institute ii Recommended for Adoption by The NSF Joint Committee on Drinking Wa

5、ter Treatment Units The NSF Council of Public Health Consultants Adopted by The NSF International February 2009 Revised October 2012 Revised November 2013 Revised May 2015 Revised October 2015 Published by NSF International P. O. Box 130140, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48113-0140, USA For ordering copies or

6、 for making inquiries with regard to this Standard, please reference the designation “NSF/ANSI 330-2015.“ Copyright 2015 NSF International Previous editions 2014, 2013, 2012, 2009 Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, elect

7、ronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from NSF International. Printed in the United States of America. iii Disclaimers1 NSF, in performing its functions in accordance with its objectives, does not assume or undertake to discharge any responsibility

8、of the manufacturer or any other party. The opinions and findings of NSF represent its professional judgment. NSF shall not be responsible to anyone for the use of or reliance upon this Standard by anyone. NSF shall not incur any obligation or liability for damages, including consequential damages,

9、arising out of or in connection with the use, interpretation of, or reliance upon this Standard. NSF Standards provide basic criteria to promote sanitation and protection of the public health. Provisions for mechanical and electrical safety have not been included in this Standard because governmenta

10、l agencies or other national standards-setting organizations provide safety requirement. Participation in NSF Standards development activities by regulatory agency representatives (federal, local, state) shall not constitute their agencys endorsement of NSF or any of its Standards. Preference is giv

11、en to the use of performance criteria measurable by examination or testing in NSF Standards development when such performance criteria may reasonably be used in lieu of design, materials, or construction criteria. The illustrations, if provided, are intended to assist in understanding their adjacent

12、 standard requirements. However, the illustrations may not include all requirements for a specific product or unit, nor do they show the only method of fabricating such arrangements. Such partial drawings shall not be used to justify improper or incomplete design and construction. Unless otherwise r

13、eferenced, the annexes are not considered an integral part of NSF Standards. The annexes are provided as general guidelines to the manufacturer, regulatory agency, user, or certifying organization.1 The information contained in this Disclaimer is not part of this American National Standard (ANS) and

14、 has not been processed in accordance with ANSIs requirements for an ANS. Therefore, this Disclaimer may contain material that has not been subjected to public review or a consensus process. In addition, it does not contain requirements necessary for conformance to the Standard. iv This page is inte

15、ntionally left blank. v Contents 1 General . 1 1.1 Purpose 1 1.2 Scope . 1 2 Normative references 1 3 Definitions . 1 vi This page is intentionally left blank.vii Foreword2 The purpose of this Glossary is to provide a single resource containing all of the technical terms used in all NSF Drinking Wat

16、er Treatment Unit Standards. With all NSF Drinking Water Treatment Unit definitions located in one document, and not in the individual Drinking Water Treatment Unit Standards, greater consistency will be achieved, as changes to a given definition will affect all other Drinking Water Treatment Unit S

17、tandards simultaneously once adopted in the Glossary. In addition, the Glossary of Drinking Water Treatment Unit Terminology may serve as a reference tool within the industry. This edition includes multiple revisions to the Standard, including: Issue 8 This revision updated NSF/ANSI 330 to define a

18、treatment train approach. This Glossary was developed by the NSF Joint Committee on Drinking Water Treatment Units using the consensus process described by the American National Standards Institute. Suggestions for improvement of this Standard are welcome. This Standard is maintained on a Continuous

19、 Maintenance schedule and can be opened for comment at any time. Comments should be sent to Chair, Joint Committee on Drinking Water Treatment Units, at standardsnsf.org or c/o NSF International, Standards Department, P.O. Box 130140, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48113-0140, USA. 2 The information contained

20、in this Foreword is not part of this American National Standard (ANS) and has not been processed in accordance with ANSIs requirements for an ANS. Therefore, this Foreword may contain material that has not been subjected to public review or a consensus process. In addition, it does not contain requi

21、rements necessary for conformance to the Standard. viii This page is intentionally left blank. 2015 NSF NSF/ANSI 330 2015 NSF/ANSI Standard for Drinking Water Treatment Units Glossary of drinking water treatment unit terminology 1 General 1.1 Purpose This Standard establishes definitions for drinkin

22、g water treatment units and related components. 1.2 Scope Definitions covered by this Standard consist of terminology related to drinking water treatment units including terms describing materials, design, construction, and performance testing. This Standard includes definitions of terms used in NSF

23、 Drinking Water Treatment Unit Standards. 2 Normative references The following documents contain provisions that, through reference, constitute provisions of this Standard. At the time this Standard was balloted, the editions listed below were valid. All documents are subject to revision and the mos

24、t recent published edition of the document shall be used for undated references. NSF/ANSI 42. Drinking Water Treatment Units Aesthetic Effects NSF/ANSI 44. Residential Cation Exchange Water Softeners NSF/ANSI 53. Drinking Water Treatment Units Health Effects NSF/ANSI 55. Ultraviolet Microbiological

25、Water Treatment Systems NSF/ANSI 58. Reverse Osmosis Drinking Water Treatment Systems NSF/ANSI 61. Drinking Water System Components Health Effects NSF/ANSI 62. Drinking Water Distillation Systems 3 Definitions 3.1 absorption: The penetration of one substance into another substance. 3.2 accessible: F

26、abricated to be exposed for cleaning and inspection using simple tools (e.g., screwdriver, pliers, open-end wrench). 3.2.1 readily accessible: Fabricated to be exposed for cleaning and inspection without the use of tools. 2015 NSF NSF/ANSI 330 2015 2 3.3 active agent: A substance or medium added to

27、or involved in a drinking water treatment process that requires direct or sacrificial release of the agent or its degradation product(s) to perform a specific functions. 3.4 additive: A substance added to water, directly or indirectly, during a drinking water treatment process. 3.5 adsorption: The p

28、hysical process occurring when liquids, gases, or dissolved or suspended matter adhere to the surface of or in the pores of a medium. 3.6 aesthetic: Pertaining to nonhealth-related factors that affect the acceptance of drinking water, such as taste, odor, color, and appearance. 3.7 air gap: A dedica

29、ted vertical air space designed to prevent the reverse flow of contaminated water into a potable water source (minimum of 2 pipe diameters or 25 mm 1 in above the flood rim of the tank, whichever is larger) 3.8 alarm set point: See UV light disinfection. 3.9 ambient temperature: The temperature of a

30、 medium such as air, gas, or a liquid that surrounds items such as equipment, devices, instruments, and food. 3.10 anion: An atom or molecule that carries a negative charge. 3.11 backwash: A reversed flow of water through a media which allows the expelling of collected matter to the drain. 3.12 back

31、 flush: The reversal of flow through a filter or ion exchange column to remove particles for cleaning purposes. 3.13 bacteriostasis: An action or process designed to limit the growth of heterotrophic bacteria on the treatment media or in the unit so that the heterotrophic plate count of the product

32、water is not larger than that of the influent water. 3.14 batch treatment: A method in which a fixed quantity of water is processed through a treatment device in a single treatment cycle. 3.15 bed volume: Total volume of the media including the void spaces between the media particles. 3.16 blackwast

33、e: See UV light disinfection. 3.17 breakthrough: The point (measured as volume of water or time) in the test of a water treatment system when the concentration of a contaminant in the product water exceeds the limit established in the standard. 3.18 brine: See salt. 3.19 bypass: (noun) A valve syste

34、m that allows water to flow around the water treatment system while a system is being regenerated or serviced. (verb) To cause water to flow around a water treatment system or its media. 3.20 calibration: The process of checking and correcting the accuracy of instrumentation within defined allowable

35、 tolerances by reference to a known standard. 3.21 capacity: The volume of water treated by a system before the system or components of the system must be cleaned, regenerated or replaced, as specified by the manufacturer. 2015 NSF NSF/ANSI 330 2015 3 3.22 cation: An atom or molecule that carries a

36、positive charge. 3.23 cation exchange: See water softener. 3.24 challenge water: See water. 3.25 check valve: A device that allows liquid (or gas) to flow in only one direction. 3.26 chemical feeder: A mechanism or device designed to add a controlled amount of chemical(s) to water. 3.27 chemical red

37、uction: The lowering of a chemical contaminant concentration in the influent water by a water treatment system or process. 3.28 Class A system: See UV System. 3.29 Class B system: See UV System. 3.30 cleanable: Able to be freed of residues and other soiling materials. 3.30.1 easily cleanable: Fabric

38、ated of materials, designed, and constructed so soil is removed by normal (non-mechanical) cleaning methods. 3.31 cleaning: Removal of residues and other soiling materials. 3.32 clean system: A system that has been conditioned in accordance with the manufacturers instructions prior to commencing the

39、 test. 3.33 closed: (As used in NSF/ANSI 62) Fabricated with no openings exceeding 0.8 mm (1/32 in). 3.34 coating: A layer of material applied to a surface. 3.35 commercial modular system: A system consisting of multiple components attached to a manifold, produced specifically for food service appli

40、cations, installed by an authorized plumber or authorized agent of the manufacturer, and not intended for use in residential applications. 3.36 component: A separate or distinct part of a water treatment system including, but not limited to membranes, filters, housings, tubing, storage tanks, faucet

41、s, valves, and connectors. 3.37 condensing: To change a gas or vapor to a liquid. 3.38 contaminant: Any undesirable physical, chemical, radiological or microbiological substance in water. 3.39 corrosion resistant: Capable of maintaining original surface characteristics under prolonged contact with t

42、he intended end use environment and exposure to cleaning or sanitizing procedures. 3.40 corrosion resistant material: A material that maintains its original surface characteristics under prolonged exposure to the intended use environment and exposure to cleaning or sanitizing procedures. 3.41 critic

43、al level: A point on a backflow prevention device, which determines the minimum elevation of the device above the flood level rim of the fixture or receptacle served. 3.42 cycle: (As used in NSF/ANSI 62) See distillation. 2015 NSF NSF/ANSI 330 2015 4 3.43 cyst: The environmentally resistant stage in

44、 the life cycle of certain protozoa which are typically found in water. Cyst includes oocysts of Cryptosporidium and Toxoplasma and cysts of Giardia and Entamoeba. 3.44 daily production rate: See reverse osmosis (RO). 3.45 degradation product: A substance produced from an active agent or additive by

45、 biological, chemical, or physical interaction. 3.46 demand initiated regeneration (DIR) water softener: (As used in NSF/ANSI 44) See water softener. 3.47 disinfection: The process that eliminates (removing, destroying, and inactivating) many or all pathogenic microorganisms with the exception of th

46、e bacterial endospore on inanimate objects and liquids. 3.48 disposable component: A component that requires periodic replacement. 3.49 disposable pressure vessel: A pressure vessel that is to be replaced at the end of each rated service cycle and has an estimated service life of one year or less. 3

47、.50 disposable system: A system that is to be replaced at the end of each rated service cycle and has an estimated service life of one year or less. 3.51 distillation: A process that consists of vaporizing and condensing water. 3.51.1 cycle: (As used in NSF/ANSI 62) The period of operation of a dist

48、iller between a normal start with a properly filled evaporating chamber and the normal automatic shutoff of operation. 3.51.2 evaporating chamber: A part of a distillation system where water is converted into a vapor. 3.52 distilled water (distillate): See water. 3.53 drain: A conduit used to carry

49、non-product water from a system to waste. Examples of non-product water includes filter backwash water, spent regenerant, rinse water, and reverse osmosis reject water. 3.54 drinking water: See water. 3.55 easily cleanable: See cleanable. 3.56 efficiency rating: See reverse osmosis (RO). 3.57 efficiency rated (ER) water softener: (As used in NSF/ANSI 44) See water softener. 3.58 effluent: See water. 3.59 endpoint device: Any single device typically installed within the last 1 L (0.26 gal) of the water distribution system. 3.60 evaporating chamber: (As used