ANSI OPEI B71.4-2012 ANS for Commercial Turf Care Equipment - Safety Specifications《商业草皮保养设备.安全性规范》.pdf

1、American National Standardfor Commercial Turf Care Equipment Safety SpecificationsANSI/OPEI B71.4-2012ANSI/OPEI B71.4-2012Copyright American National Standards Institute Provided by IHS under license with ANSI Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-Copyrig

2、ht American National Standards Institute Provided by IHS under license with ANSI Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ANSI/OPEI B71.4-2012Revision and redesignation ofANSI B71.4-2004American National Standardfor Commercial Turf Care Equipment Safety Spec

3、ificationsSponsorOutdoor Power Equipment Institute (OPEI)Approved June 8, 2012American National Standards Institute, Inc.Copyright American National Standards Institute Provided by IHS under license with ANSI Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-Approval

4、 of an American National Standard requires review by ANSI that therequirements for due process, consensus, and other criteria for approval havebeen met by the standards developer.Consensus is established when, in the judgement of the ANSI Board ofStandards Review, substantial agreement has been reac

5、hed by directly andmaterially affected interests. Substantial agreement means much more thana simple majority, but not necessarily unanimity. Consensus requires that allviews and objections be considered, and that a concerted effort be madetowards their resolution.The use of American National Standa

6、rds is completely voluntary; theirexistence does not in any respect preclude anyone, whether he has approvedthe standards or not, from manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or usingproducts, processes, or procedures not conforming to the standards.The American National Standards Institute does not d

7、evelop standards andwill in no circumstances give an interpretation of any American NationalStandard. Moreover, no person shall have the right or authority to issue aninterpretation of an American National Standard in the name of the AmericanNational Standards Institute. Requests for interpretations

8、 should beaddressed to the secretariat or sponsor whose name appears on the titlepage of this standard.CAUTION NOTICE: This American National Standard may be revised orwithdrawn at any time. The procedures of the American National StandardsInstitute require that action be taken periodically to reaff

9、irm, revise, orwithdraw this standard. Purchasers of American National Standards mayreceive current information on all standards by calling or writing the AmericanNational Standards Institute.American National StandardPublished byAmerican National Standards Institute, Inc.25 West 43rd Street, New Yo

10、rk, NY 10036Copyright 2012 by Outdoor Power Equipment Institute, Inc.All rights reserved.No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, stored in an electronic retrieval system, or transmitted in anyform or by any means (electronic, photocopying, recording, orotherwise), without prior wr

11、itten permission of the publisher.Printed in the United States of AmericaCopyright American National Standards Institute Provided by IHS under license with ANSI Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ANSI/OPEI B71.4-2012 i Contents Foreword vi Part I Gener

12、al . 1 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references . 1 3 Definitions 3 Part II Pedestrian-controlled machines . 6 4 General requirements . 6 5 Operators controls . 6 5.1 General requirements . 6 5.2 Traction-drive control(s) 6 5.3 Ground speed and direction controls . 6 5.4 Steering control . 7 5.5 Attachmen

13、t-drive (power-takeoff) control . 7 5.6 Starting arrangement 7 6 Guards and shields . 7 6.1 Power drives . 7 6.2 Hot surfaces 8 7 Operation, service, and maintenance instructions 9 7.1 General requirements . 9 7.2 Stored-energy devices 9 7.3 Hydraulic devices 10 7.4 Pressurized components 10 8 Requi

14、rements for low-voltage electrical components . 10 8.1 Insulated cables 10 8.2 Battery installation 10 8.3 Overload protection 10 8.4 Terminals and uninsulated electrical parts . 10 8.5 High-tension ignition cables 11 9 Labels and instructions 11 9.1 Control identification . 11 9.2 General safety si

15、gn requirements . 11 9.3 Machine identification . 11 9.4 Label durability requirements . 11 Copyright American National Standards Institute Provided by IHS under license with ANSI Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ANSI/OPEI B71.4-2012ii 10 General req

16、uirements . 12 10.1 Operator zone . 12 10.2 Operator-presence controls 12 10.3 Braking requirements and tests 13 10.4 Handle structure . 14 10.5 Sulky units 14 10.6 Stopping time and durability test 16 11 Rotary mowers Specific requirements . 17 11.1 General requirements . 17 11.2 Requirements for r

17、otary mower components . 17 11.3 Test for rotary mower components . 18 11.4 Tests for mowers except those with a blade tip circle diameter of 775 mm (30.5 in) or greater and blade thickness of 8 mm (0.312 in) or greater, for one or more blades 19 11.4.1 Impact test . 19 11.4.2 Foot probe test . 19 1

18、1.4.3 Unbalance test . 20 11.4.4 Structural integrity test Blade enclosures and guards 20 11.4.5 Structural integrity tests Grass collection system . 21 11.4.6 Thrown objects test 22 11.5 Tests for mower components with the blade tip circle diameter of 775 mm (30.5 in) or greater and blade thickness

19、 of 8 mm (0.312 in) or greater for one or more blades . 24 11.5.1 Impact test . 24 11.5.2 Unbalance test . 25 11.5.3 Structural integrity tests . 25 11.5.4 Structural integrity test Grass collection system . 26 11.5.5 Thrown objects test 26 11.5.6 Foot probe test . 27 12 Reel mowers Specific require

20、ments 27 12.1 General requirements . 27 12.2 Safety sign 27 12.3 Grass collection systems 27 12.4 Tests for reel mower components 27 13 Flail mowers and flail power rakes Specific requirements 28 13.1 General . 28 13.2 Requirements for openings 28 13.3 Foot probe test 29 13.4 Sudden impact test . 29

21、 13.5 Repeated impact test 29 13.6 Blade unbalance test 30 Part III Ride-on units, ride-on turf tractors, and attachments 31 14 General requirements . 31 15 Operators controls . 31 15.1 General requirements . 31 Copyright American National Standards Institute Provided by IHS under license with ANSI

22、Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ANSI/OPEI B71.4-2012 iii 15.2 Traction-drive controls (clutches) . 31 15.3 Ground speed and directional control (other than engine speed) 32 15.4 Steering controls . 32 15.5 Attachment-drive (power-takeoff) control .

23、33 15.6 Brake controls . 33 15.7 Lift controls . 33 15.8 Slope control test 33 16 Guards and shields . 34 16.1 Power drives . 34 16.2 Hot surfaces 36 17 Operation, service, and maintenance instructions 37 17.1 General requirements . 37 17.2 Stored-energy devices 37 17.3 Hydraulic devices 37 17.4 Pre

24、ssurized components 37 18 Requirements for low-voltage electrical components . 37 18.1 Insulated cables 37 18.2 Battery installation 37 18.3 Overload protection 38 18.4 Terminals and uninsulated electrical parts . 38 18.5 High-tension ignition cables 38 19 Labels and instructions 38 19.1 Control ide

25、ntification . 38 19.2 General safety sign requirements . 38 19.3 Machine identification . 38 19.4 Label durability requirements . 39 20 General requirements . 39 20.1 Operator zone . 39 20.2 Operator-presence controls 40 20.3 Stability requirements and tests . 41 20.4 Braking requirements and tests

26、43 20.5 Lighting and marking for ride-on units and ride-on turf tractors used on public roads . 45 20.6 Stopping time and durability test 45 20.7 Roll over protective structure (ROPS) 45 21 Rotary mowers Specific requirements . 46 21.1 General requirements . 46 21.2 Requirements for rotary mower com

27、ponents . 47 21.3 Test for rotary mower components . 47 Copyright American National Standards Institute Provided by IHS under license with ANSI Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ANSI/OPEI B71.4-2012iv 21.4 Tests for mowers except those with a blade ti

28、p circle diameter of 775 mm (30.5 in) or greater and blade thickness of 8 mm (0.312 in), or greater, for one or more blades. 48 21.4.1 Impact test . 48 21.4.2 Foot probe test . 49 21.4.3 Unbalance test . 49 21.4.4 Structural integrity test Blade enclosures and guards 50 21.4.5 Structural integrity t

29、ests Grass collection system . 50 21.4.6 Thrown objects test 51 21.5 Tests for mower components with the blade tip circle diameter of 775 mm (30.5 in) or greater and blade thickness of 8 mm (0.312 in) or greater for one or more blades . 53 21.5.1 Impact test . 53 21.5.2 Unbalance test . 54 21.5.3 St

30、ructural integrity tests . 54 21.5.4 Structural integrity test Grass collection system . 55 21.5.5 Thrown objects test 55 21.5.6 Foot probe test . 56 22 Reel mowers Specific requirements 56 22.1 General requirements . 56 22.2 Safety sign 56 22.3 Grass collection systems 56 22.4 Tests for reel mower

31、components 57 23 Flail mowers and flail power rakes Specific requirements 57 23.1 General . 57 23.2 Requirements for openings 57 23.3 Foot probe test 58 23.4 Sudden impact test . 58 23.5 Repeated impact test 58 23.6 Blade unbalance test 59 24 Implements 59 24.1 General requirements . 59 24.2 Operati

32、ng controls 59 Annex A (informative) Rationale . Annex B (informative) Drop distance calculations 118 Annex C (informative) Safety pictorials 119 Figures Figure 1 - Operator zone - Standing operator . 60 Figure 2 - Operator zone - Sitting operator . 60 Figure 3 - Safety practices for commercial turf

33、 care equipment 61 Figure 4 - Test probes for the determination of hot parts accessibility 63 Figure 5 - Finger probe 63 Figure 6 - Test pad for guard used as a step 64 Figure 7 - Characteristic dimensions for a blade enclosure 65 Figure 8a - Impact test fixture, schematic plan view . 66 Figure 8b -

34、 Impact test fixture, test arrangement 67 Figure 9a - Foot probe . 68 Figure 9b - Plan view of a foot probe for a rotary mower 68 Copyright American National Standards Institute Provided by IHS under license with ANSI Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,

35、-ANSI/OPEI B71.4-2012 v Figure 9c - Side view of a foot probe for a rotary mower 69 Figure 9d - Plan view of a foot probe for a flail mower 70Figure 9e - Side view of a foot probe for a flail mower 71 Figure 10a - Plan view of a single-blade side discharge, fixture for structural integrity test 71Fi

36、gure 10b - Plan view of arrangement with grass collection system 72 Figure 10c - Plan view of a single-blade top discharge, fixture for structural integrity test 73Figure 10d - Plan view of a multi-blade side discharge, fixture for structural integrity test 74Figure 10e - Plan view of a multi-blade

37、rear discharge, fixture for structural integrity test 75Figure 10f - Test arrangement with grass collection system . 76Figure 10g - Views of rear discharge pedestrian-controlled mower with grass collection system . 77Figure 11a - Test enclosure, general layout 78Figure 11b - Single spindle pedestria

38、n-controlled mower - test enclosure 79Figure 11c - Multi-spindle pedestrian-controlled mower - test enclosure 80Figure 11d - Single spindle ride-on mower - test enclosure 81Figure 11e - Two spindle ride-on mower - test enclosure . 82Figure 11f - Three spindle ride-on mower - test enclosure . 83Figur

39、e 11g - Test fixture for corrugated cardboard penetration tests . 84Figure 11h - Nail plan of test fixture base . 85Figure 11i - Thrown object test fixture - base detail 85 Figure 11j - Test enclosure walls and base 86Figure 11k - Data sheet for thrown object test 87Figure 12 - Impact test fixture f

40、or mowers with the blade tip circle diameter of 775 mm (30.5 in) or greater and blade thickness of 8 mm (0.312 in) or greater for one or more blades . 88 Figure 13 - Structural integrity and thrown objects test fixture for mowers with the blade tip circle diameter 775 mm (30.5 in) or greater and bla

41、de thickness of 8 mm (0.312 in) or greater for one or more blades. 89 Figure 14 - Flail forward trajectory 92 Figure 15 - Flail mower test obstruction . 93 Figure 16 - Guarding for reels 94 Figure 17 - Side coverage of reels . 94 Figure 18 - Guarding of rear-throw mowers . 95 Figure 19 - Guarding of

42、 front-throw mowers 95 Figure 20 - Guarding of pedestrian-controlled reel mowers . 96 Figure 21 - Pitch . 96 Figure 22 - Roll . 97 Figure 23 - Yaw 98 Figure 24a - Machine position on the platform (4-wheeled) . 99 Figure 24b - Machine position on the platform (3-wheeled) 100 Tables Table 1 - Method f

43、or the use of test cones 9 Table 2 - Average allowable number of hits 24 Table 3 - Method for the use of test cones 36 Table 4 - Average allowable number of hits 53 Copyright American National Standards Institute Provided by IHS under license with ANSI Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking per

44、mitted without license from IHS-,-,-viForeword(This foreword is not part of American National Standard ANSI/OPEI B71.4-2012.)This standard is a revision and redesignation of American National Standard forCommercial Turf Care Equipment - Safety Specifications, ANSI B71.4-2004. The firstedition of thi

45、s standard was approved and published by the American National Stan-dards Institute in 1980. It has been revised five times since initial publication, includ-ing this revision.The present revision was prepared by the Outdoor Power Equipment Institute (OPEI)Subcommittee on Commercial Turf Care Equipm

46、ent as part of OPEIs continuingwork on standards.The effective implementation date of this standard shall be two (2) years after the ap-proval date and shall apply to all products built after that date. Manufacturers mayalso certify to this standard anytime after the approval date.A summary of the p

47、rincipal changes included in this revision is as follows:- Changed format of standard to harmonize with ANSI B71.1- Broadened scope of ROPS requirements for ride-on machines- Removed lateral upset test - Added specific force for guards used as steps- Changed stability test to last tire off for lift-

48、off- Hot surface requirements revised to use ISO cones- Revised guarding requirements for operator location and rotating enginescreensConsensus for this standard was achieved by the use of the Canvass Method. Thereare three annexes in this standard. Annexes A, B, and C are informative and are notcon

49、sidered part of this standard.Suggestions for improvement of the standard will be welcome. They should be sentto the Outdoor Power Equipment Institute, 341 South Patrick Street, Alexandria, VA22314 or www.opei.org.The following organizations recognized as having an interest in the standardization ofs