ANSI S1.13-2005 Measurement of Sound Pressure Levels in Air《空气中声压级的测量》.pdf

1、 ANSI S1.13-2005 (Revision of ANSI S1.13-1995) AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Measurement of Sound Pressure Levels in AirAccredited Standards Committee S1, Acoustics Standards Secretariat Acoustical Society of America 35 Pinelawn Road, Suite 114 E Melville, NY 11747-3177ANSI S1.13-2005Copyright Acoustic

2、al Society of America Provided by IHS under license with ASANot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-The American National Standards Institute, Inc. (ANSI) is the national coordinator of voluntary standards development and the clearinghouse in the U.S.A. for

3、 information on national and international standards. The Acoustical Society of America (ASA) is an organization of scientists and engineers formed in 1929 to increase and diffuse the knowledge of acoustics and to promote its practical applications. Copyright Acoustical Society of America Provided b

4、y IHS under license with ASANot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ANSI S1.13- 2005 (Revision of ANSI S1.13-1995) AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Measurement of Sound Pressure Levels In Air Secretariat: Acoustical Society of America Approved by American Nationa

5、l Standards Institute, Inc. 25 July 2005 Abstract This standard specifies requirements and describes procedures for the measurement of sound pressure levels in air at a single point in space. These requirements and procedures apply primarily to measurements performed indoors but may be utilized in o

6、utdoor measurements under specified conditions. This is a fundamental standard applicable to a wide range of measurements and to sounds that may differ widely in temporal and spectral characteristics; more specific American National Standards complement its requirements. A classification is given of

7、 the types of sound generally encountered, and the preferred descriptor for each type is identified. This standard is intended to be used by practitioners in the field, as well as by members of the general public who have little or no special technical training in areas relating to acoustics. This i

8、s a replacement for a previous version of ANSI S1.13. Copyright Acoustical Society of America Provided by IHS under license with ASANot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDS ON ACOUSTICS The Acoustical Society of America (ASA) prov

9、ides the Secretariat for Accredited Standards Committees S1 on Acoustics, S2 on Mechanical Vibration and Shock, S3 on Bioacoustics, and S12 on Noise. These committees have wide representation from the technical community (manufacturers, consumers, trade associations, organizations with a general int

10、erest, and government representatives). The standards are published by the Acoustical Society of America as American National Standards after approval by their respective Standards Committees and the American National Standards Institute. These standards are developed and published as a public servi

11、ce to provide standards useful to the public, industry, and consumers, and to Federal, State, and local governments. Each of the accredited Standards Committees operating in accordance with procedures approved by American National Standards Institute (ANSI) is responsible for developing, voting upon

12、, and maintaining or revising its own Standards. The ASA Standards Secretariat administers Committee organization and activity and provides liaison between the Accredited Standards Committees and ANSI. After the Standards have been produced and adopted by the Accredited Standards Committees, and app

13、roved as American National Standards by ANSI, the ASA Standards Secretariat arranges for their publication and distribution. An American National Standard implies a consensus of those substantially concerned with its scope and provisions. Consensus is established when, in the judgment of the ANSI Bo

14、ard of Standards Review, substantial agreement has been reached by directly and materially affected interests. Substantial agreement means much more than a simple majority, but not necessarily unanimity. Consensus requires that all views and objections be considered and that a concerted effort be ma

15、de towards their resolution. The use of an American National Standard is completely voluntary. Their existence does not in any respect preclude anyone, whether he or she has approved the Standards or not, from manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or using products, processes, or procedures not conf

16、orming to the Standards. NOTICE: This American National Standard may be revised or withdrawn at any time. The procedures of the American National Standards Institute require that action be taken periodically to reaffirm, revise, or withdraw this Standard. Acoustical Society of America ASA Secretaria

17、t 35 Pinelawn Road, Suite 114E Melville, New York 11747-3177 Telephone: 1 (631) 390-0215 Fax: 1 (631) 390-0217 E-mail: asastdsaip.org 2005 by Acoustical Society of America. This standard may not be reproduced in whole or in part in any form for sale, promotion, or any commercial purpose, or any purp

18、ose not falling within the provisions of the U.S. Copyright Act of 1976, without prior written permission of the publisher. For permission, address a request to the Standards Secretariat of the Acoustical Society of America.Copyright Acoustical Society of America Provided by IHS under license with A

19、SANot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-iContents Foreword.iii Introduction. v 1 Scope.1 2 Purpose1 3 Applications2 4 Normative references 2 5 Definitions 3 6 Types of sound 6 6.1 Temporal characteristics7 6.2 Frequency characteristics 8 6.3 Spatial chara

20、cteristics 9 7 Types of acoustical environment .10 7.1 Ideal acoustical environments10 7.2 Practical acoustical environment .10 8 Instrumentation for measuring sound pressure levels.11 8.1 General requirements 11 8.2 Sound level meters 11 8.3 Component systems 12 8.4 Frequency weightings 12 8.5 Octa

21、ve-band and one-third octave-band analyzers.12 8.6 Data-logging and data-sampling instruments 12 8.7 Equipment for recording and storing data13 9 Measurement of sound pressure level at a point in space 14 9.1 Planning and preparation for the measurements.14 9.2 Set-up for the measurements.15 9.3 Pre

22、cision of measurements (measurement uncertainty) .18 9.4 Measurement procedures 18 9.5 Spatial aspects.22 10 Documentation of measurementsmeasurement record.22 10.1 General information 22 10.2 Description of sound of interest 23 10.3 Description of acoustical environment23 10.4 Instrumentation .23 1

23、0.5 Acoustical data24 11 Reporting of measurement resultsmeasurement report 24 Copyright Acoustical Society of America Provided by IHS under license with ASANot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ii Annex A (informative) Identification and evaluation of pr

24、ominent discrete tones.25 A.1 Field of application25 A.2 Background. 25 A.3 Microphone position 25 A.4 Instrumentation .26 A.5 Audibility requirement . 26 A.6 Critical bandwidths 27 A.7 Tone-to-noise ratio method 28 A.8 Prominence ratio method 31 A.9 Information to be recorded for prominent discrete

25、 tones 36 A.10 References . 37 Annex B (informative) Identification and evaluationof impulsive sound39 B.1 Definition: Time-averaged Al-weighted sound level . 39 B.2 Measurement position 39 B.3 Instrumentation .39 B.4 Measurements 40 Figures Figure A.1 Tone-to-noise ratio method applied to a single

26、tone in a critical band .32 Figure A.2 Tone-to-noise ratio method applied to multiple tones in a critical band .32 Figure A.3 Illustration of the prominence ratio method for prominent tone identification.36 Figure A.4 Criteria for prominence for both tone-to-noise ratio (A.7.5) and prominence ratio

27、(A.8.6) as a function of frequency37 Copyright Acoustical Society of America Provided by IHS under license with ASANot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-iiiForeword This Foreword is for information only, and is not a part of the American National Standard

28、 ANSI S1.13 2005 American National Standard Measurement of Sound Pressure Levels in Air. This standard comprises a part of a group of definitions, standards, and specifications for use in acoustics. It was developed and approved by Accredited Standards Committee S1 Acoustics, under its approved oper

29、ating procedures. Those procedures have been accredited by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI). The Scope of Accredited Standards Committee S1 is as follows: Standards, specifications, methods of measurement and test, and terminology in the field of physical acoustics, including archite

30、ctural acoustics, electroacoustics, sonics and ultrasonics, and underwater sound, but excluding those aspects which pertain to biological safety, tolerances, and comfort. This standard is a limited revision of ANSI S1.13-1995, which has been technically revised by updating the references in the body

31、 and replacing Annex A in its entirety. This standard is not comparable to any existing ISO Standard. At the time this Standard was submitted to Accredited Standards Committee S1, Acoustics for approval, the membership was as follows: J.P. Seiler, Chair G.S.K. Wong, Vice-Chair S.B. Blaeser, Secretar

32、y Acoustical Society of America .J.P. Seiler .G.S.K. Wong (Alt.) Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Institute R.Seel .D. Brown (Alt.) American Industrial Hygiene Association .D. Driscoll . D. Sandfort (Alt.) Bruel FAX: 631-390-0217; E-mail: asastdsaip.org Copyright Acoustical Society of America Prov

33、ided by IHS under license with ASANot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-vIntroduction Sound is a pressure fluctuation in the air. In general, the greater the amplitude of the pressure fluctuation, the “louder“ the sound will be perceived by people. But lo

34、udness is a subjective measure of the amplitude that varies from one person to the next and will depend on many parameters, some of which are nonphysical. The need often arises for an objective measure of the amplitude of the pressure fluctuations, a measure that depends solely on physical parameter

35、s and that is not subject to interpretation or opinion. Sound pressure level is this objective measure. This standard gives requirements and guidelines for measuring the sound pressure level in air at a single point in space. The total ambient sound that exists at a given point in space is usually d

36、ue to a composite of many different sounds with different strengths and frequency content. The composite sound may be a combination of background noise and sound from a single identifiable source; it may be a combination from several individual sources; and it may include reflections from room surfa

37、ces or reflecting objects. This standard is primarily concerned with the measurement of the level of the composite sound at a given point or in measuring changes in that level caused by a certain sound of interest. This standard (ANSI S1.13-2005, Measurement of Sound Pressure Levels in Air) is a fun

38、damental standard giving basic information and requirements for a wide range of measurements. Other American National Standards provide more specialized information and requirements. The way in which the sound pressure level varies with time (temporal pattern), how it varies over frequency (frequenc

39、y content), and how it varies from one physical point to another (spatial distribution) are often important. The desire to quantify these aspects has led, unfortunately, to a preponderance of metrics and descriptors in use today, some quite complicated and some limited to very specific applications.

40、 Fortunately, the advent of modern digital instruments of relatively low cost and wide availability and the efforts by standardization bodies have led to a general consensus on only a small number of descriptors. This standard identifies the time-average A-weighted sound level and the A-weighted sou

41、nd exposure level as preferred descriptors for the various types of sounds defined in the text. There are many reasons for measuring sound pressure levels. These include regulatory purposes, quantifying noise emissions of products, assessing hearing-damage risk, designing acoustical spaces, monitori

42、ng the condition of a machine, evaluating the performance of sound sources such as loudspeakers or emergency sirens, evaluating hearing protectors, absorptive materials, or barriers, and assessing various subjective responses such as loudness, noisiness, speech-interference level, and articulation i

43、ndex. However, most purposes for sound pressure level measurements fall into two groups: sound pressure levels measured in order to characterize a source, and sound pressure levels measured in order to characterize an environment. Regardless of the reasons, or whether one is trying to characterize a

44、 source or an environment, the process will involve individual measurements of the sound pressure level at one or more specific points in space. This is the focus of this standard. The particular reasons or applications for the measurements are dealt with only superficially. This standard is intende

45、d to be used by practitioners in the field as well as by members of the general public who have little or no special technical training in areas relating to acoustics. One of the goals of publishing this standard is to make the practice of making an accurate sound pressure level measurement more wid

46、espread and comfortable. Copyright Acoustical Society of America Provided by IHS under license with ASANot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-vi It is anticipated that standards, test codes, government regulations, purchase specifications, design specifica

47、tions, or similar documents requiring the measurement of sound pressure levels will refer to this standard in a form such as “. (at the specified point or points) the (specified type of) sound pressure level shall be measured in accordance with ANSI S1.13-2005.“ Copyright Acoustical Society of Ameri

48、ca Provided by IHS under license with ASANot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD ANSI S1.13-2005 1American National Standard Measurement of Sound Pressure Levels In Air 1 Scope This standard specifies requirements and procedures f

49、or the measurement of sound pressure levels in air. These requirements and procedures apply primarily to measurements performed under normal, relatively quiescent meteorological conditions. Nearly all measurements made indoors will fall under such conditions, but outdoor measurements may also be made, and may remain in conformance with