ANSI T 496 SP-2013 Specimen preparation for cross directional internal tearing resistance for paper paperboard and related materials.pdf

1、TAPPI/ANSI T 496 sp-13 SUGGESTED METHOD 1964 REAFFIRMED 1972 CLASSICAL METHOD 1985 WITHDRAWN 1996 REINSTATED AS STANDARD PRACTICE 1999 REVISED 2003 REVISED 2008 REVISED 2013 2013 TAPPI The information and data contained in this document were prepared by a technical committee of the Association. The

2、committee and the Association assume no liability or responsibility in connection with the use of such information or data, including but not limited to any liability under patent, copyright, or trade secret laws. The user is responsible for determining that this document is the most recent edition

3、published. Approved by the Standard Specific Interest Group for this Standard Practice TAPPI CAUTION: This Test Method may include safety precautions which are believed to be appropriate at the time of publication of the method. The intent of these is to alert the user of the method to safety issues

4、 related to such use. The user is responsible for determining that the safety precautions are complete and are appropriate to their use of the method, and for ensuring that suitable safety practices have not changed since publication of the method. This method may require the use, disposal, or both,

5、 of chemicals which may present serious health hazards to humans. Procedures for the handling of such substances are set forth on Material Safety Data Sheets which must be developed by all manufacturers and importers of potentially hazardous chemicals and maintained by all distributors of potentiall

6、y hazardous chemicals. Prior to the use of this method, the user must determine whether any of the chemicals to be used or disposed of are potentially hazardous and, if so, must follow strictly the procedures specified by both the manufacturer, as well as local, state, and federal authorities for sa

7、fe use and disposal of these chemicals. Specimen preparation for cross directional internal tearing resistance for paper, paperboard and related materials 1. Scope and significance 1.1 This practice is used for the preparation of test specimens for the internal tearing resistance of paper, board, an

8、d related materials when a force is applied perpendicular to the machine direction. Materials whose structures are highly directional cannot be properly tested in their cross direction according to TAPPI T 414 “Internal Testing Resistance of Paper,” because, as a rule, the tear turns toward the mach

9、ine direction as it proceeds. Consequently, it is usually impossible to make a test tear of such a material truly in the cross direction. This practice has been devised to permit the tear to proceed as it will, but more or less limits the extent of the tear to the prescribed 43 mm. 1.2 For the sake

10、of uniformity, this procedure may be used to determine the tearing resistance in the machine direction. 2. Apparatus Specimen cutter, a die and press to cut specimens in accordance with the dimensions and shape shown in Fig. 1. If not available, a template, sharp knife, and hard-wood block may be us

11、ed. 3. Sampling and test specimen From each test unit obtained in accordance with TAPPI T 400 “Sampling and Accepting a Single Lot of Paper, Paperboard, Containerboard, or Related Product,” cut at least ten specimens of the shape and size shown in Fig. 1. with the 86-mm dimension in the machine dire

12、ction of the paperboard. The depth of the V-shaped cutout is not critical, since it T 496 sp-13 Specimen preparation for cross directional internal tearing / 2 resistance for paper, paperboard and related materials is merely used as an aid in centering the specimen accurately in the clamps of the te

13、aring apparatus. 4. Conditioning Condition and test the specimens in an atmosphere in accordance with TAPPI T 402 “Standard Conditioning and Testing Atmospheres for Paper, Board, Pulp Handsheets, and Related Products.” NOTE 1: The V-cutout is not required if the specimen can be accurately positioned

14、 in the clamp by other methods of measurement. 5. Procedure 5.1 Set up and calibrate the internal resistance instrument in accordance to manufacturers instructions. 5.2 Mount the semicircular test specimen with the 86-mm edge resting on the bottom surfaces of the clamps, and with the top surface or

15、liner (or printed side) facing the pendulum. Slit the specimen at right angles to the top of the jaws exactly to the center of the semicircle. Measure the tearing resistance of the specimen per manufacturers instructions and note in the report that the test was performed on a cross direction (semici

16、rcular specimen). 5.3 If the side of the specimen above the clamp rubs against the perdulum as a tear test is made, reject that reeading. If a particular sample tears so i that such contact consistently occurs, reverse the test specimens, so that the top liner faces away from the pendulum and note t

17、his modification in the report. 5.4 For the sake of uniformity, this procedure may be used to determine the tearing resistance along the machine direction. If this is done, the results will be somewhat lower than if tested according to T 414 “Internal tearing resistance of paper (Elmendorf-type meth

18、od),” because the work done to bend a semicircular specimen is less than for a rectangular specimen. Accordingly, tests so made should be reported as internal tearing resistance, machine direction (semicircular specimen). 3 / Specimen preparation for cross directional internal tearing T 496 sp-13 re

19、sistance for paper, paperboard and related materials 6. Report Report the results as internal tearing resistance, cross direction or machine direction (semi-circular specimen). 7. Precision A precision statement is not required for a Standard Practice. 8. Keywords Tearing resistance, Cross direction

20、 tear, Paper, Paperboard, Nonwovens, Sample preparation 9. Additional information 9.1 Effective date of issue: April 30, 2013. 9.2 Revised and reissued as a Standard Practice in 1998. In the 2008 edition, the procedure section was modified to place more emphasis on testing per manufacturers instruct

21、ions. In 2012 only minor editorial changes were made. 9.3 This method differs from the previous version issued in 1964 in that the arbitrary statement regarding dropping of high or low values has been removed from the procedure section. Any dropping of high or low values should be done in accordance with TAPPI T 1205 “Dealing With Suspect (Outlying) Test Determinations.” Your comments and suggestions on this procedure are earnestly requested and should be sent to the TAPPI Standards Department.