ANSI TIA EIA 455-222-2001 Optical Fiber Amplifiers - Basic Specification - Part 3 Test Methods for Noise Figure Parameters《光纤放大器.基本规范.第3部分 噪声指数参数的测试方法》.pdf

1、 2500 Wilson Boulevard, Suite 300 The Telecommunications Industry Association Arlington, VA 22201 represents the communications sector of 703/907-7700 FAX 703/907-7727 July 18, 2001 SUBJECT: Standards Proposal No. 3-0027, Proposed New Standard “FOTP-222 IEC 61290-3 Optical Fiber Amplifiers Basic Spe

2、cification Part 3: Test Methods for Noise Figure Parameters” (if approved, to be published as TIA/EIA-455-222) BACKGROUND: The attached material was prepared by the TIA FO-2.7 Subcommittee on Optically Amplified Devices, Subsystems, and Systems, and was approved by the Chairman of the Committee. SP-

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7、pecification Part 3: Test Methods for Noise (FAX: 703/907-7728) Figure Parameters” (if approved, to be published as TIA/EIA-455-222) COMMENT PERIOD EXPIRES: SEPTEMBER 4, 2001 USER PRODUCER GENERAL INTEREST Please circle one only to indicate the most accurate description of the relevance of this Stan

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9、working permitted without license from IHS-,-,-NOTICE This document is a TIA/EIA Engineering Standards Proposal, rather than an interim or final Standard. It is published for purposes of comment and is subject to further review and modification by the TIA Technical Standards Subcommittee (TSSC), whi

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11、 by TELECOMMUNICATIONS INDUSTRY ASSOCIATION 2001 2500 Wilson Boulevard Arlington, VA 22201 All rights reserved Printed in U.S.A. PRICE: $40.00Copyright Electronic Industries Alliance Provided by IHS under license with EIANot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-

12、,-,-Copyright Electronic Industries Alliance Provided by IHS under license with EIANot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-SP-3-0027 (61290-3 IEC:2000 to be adopted as TIA-455-222) iCONTENTS Page 1 Scope and object 1 2 Normative references . 1 3 Noise figur

13、e generalities . 3 4 Noise figure contributions . 3 5 Noise figure test methods . 5 Copyright Electronic Industries Alliance Provided by IHS under license with EIANot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-SP-3-0027 (61290-3 IEC:2000 to be adopted as TIA-455-2

14、22) iiCopyright Electronic Industries Alliance Provided by IHS under license with EIANot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-SP-3-0027 (61290-3 IEC:2000 to be adopted as TIA-455-222) iiiINTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION _ OPTICAL FIBRE AMPLIFIERS BA

15、SIC SPECIFICATION Part 3: Test methods for noise figure parameters FOREWORD 1) The IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of the IEC is to promote intern

16、ational co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To this end and in addition to other activities, the IEC publishes International Standards. Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested in the s

17、ubject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. The IEC collaborates closely with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditi

18、ons determined by agreement between the two organizations. 2) The formal decisions or agreements of the IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all interested Nation

19、al Committees. 3) The documents produced have the form of recommendations for international use and are published in the form of standards, technical specifications, technical reports or guides and they are accepted by the National Committees in that sense. 4) In order to promote international unifi

20、cation, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC International Standards transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional standards. Any divergence between the IEC Standard and the corresponding national or regional standard shall be clearly indicated in the latter.

21、5) The IEC provides no marking procedure to indicate its approval and cannot be rendered responsible for any equipment declared to be in conformity with one of its standards. 6) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this International Standard may be the subject of paten

22、t rights. The IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. International Standard IEC 61290-3 has been prepared by subcommittee 86C: Fibre optic systems and active devices, of IEC technical committee 86: Fibre optics. This standard should be read in conjunction wi

23、th IEC 61291-1. The text of this standard is based on the following documents: FDIS Report on voting 86C/271/FDIS 86C/274/RVD Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on voting indicated in the above table. Annex A is for information only. This publ

24、ication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 3. Copyright Electronic Industries Alliance Provided by IHS under license with EIANot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-SP-3-0027 (61290-3 IEC:2000 to be adopted as TIA-455-222) ivTh

25、e committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until 2002. At this date, the publication will be reconfirmed; withdrawn; replaced by a revised edition; or amended. Copyright Electronic Industries Alliance Provided by IHS under license with EIANot for ResaleNo rep

26、roduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-SP-3-0027 (61290-3 IEC:2000 to be adopted as TIA-455-222) vINTRODUCTION As far as can be determined, this is the first International Standard on this subject. The technology of optical fibre amplifiers is quite new and still emerging, he

27、nce amendments to and new editions of this standard can be expected. Each abbreviation introduced in this standard is explained in the text at least the first time it appears. However, for an easier understanding of the whole text, a list of all abbreviations used in this standard is given in annex

28、A. Copyright Electronic Industries Alliance Provided by IHS under license with EIANot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-SP-3-0027 (61290-3 IEC:2000 to be adopted as TIA-455-222) viCopyright Electronic Industries Alliance Provided by IHS under license with

29、 EIANot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-SP-3-0027 (61290-3 IEC:2000 to be adopted as TIA-455-222) 1OPTICAL FIBRE AMPLIFIERS BASIC SPECIFICATION Part 3: Test methods for noise figure parameters 1 Scope and object This International Standard applies to op

30、tical fibre amplifiers (OFAs) using active fibres, containing rare-earth dopants, presently commercially available. The object of this standard is to provide the general background for OFA noise figure parameters measurements and to indicate those IEC standard test methods for accurate and reliable

31、measurements of the following OFA parameters, as defined in clause 3 of IEC 61291-1: a) noise figure (NF); b) noise factor (F); c) multiple path interference (MPI) figure of merit; d) signal-spontaneous noise figure; e) (equivalent) spontaneous-spontaneous optical bandwidth (Bsp-sp); f) forward ampl

32、ified spontaneous emission (ASE) power level; g) reverse ASE power level; h) ASE bandwidth. 2 Normative references The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provi sions of this part of IEC 61290. For dated references, subsequent amendments

33、 to, or revisions of, any of these publications do not apply. However, parties to agreements based on this part of IEC 61290 are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the normative documents indicated below. For undated references, the latest edition of th

34、e normative document referred to applies. Members of IEC and ISO maintain registers of currently valid International Standards. IEC 61290-3-1, Optical fibre amplifiers Basic specification Part 3-1: Test methods for noise figure parameters Optical spectrum analyzer 1) IEC 61290-3-2, Optical fibre amp

35、lifiers Basic specification Part 3-2: Test methods for noise figure parameters Electrical spectrum analyzer 1) IEC 61291-1:1998, Optical fibre amplifiers Part 1: Generic specification NOTE A list of informative references is given in the bibliography. _ 1) To be published. Copyright Electronic Indus

36、tries Alliance Provided by IHS under license with EIANot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-SP-3-0027 (61290-3 IEC:2000 to be adopted as TIA-455-222) 2Copyright Electronic Industries Alliance Provided by IHS under license with EIANot for ResaleNo reproduct

37、ion or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-SP-3-0027 (61290-3 IEC:2000 to be adopted as TIA-455-222) 33 Noise figure generalities The noise figure is one of the most important parameters of an OFA. Following the definition in IEC 61291-1, the noise factor, i.e. the linear form of the n

38、oise figure, can be expressed by: in2noiseout2noise2out2signalout2noisein2noisein2signaloutputinput1=iiGFiiiiSNRSNRF(1) where SNR denotes signal-to-noise ratios; i denotes photocurrents in an ideal photodetector with a quantum efficiency of 1; G denotes the optical signal gain. The input noise curre

39、nt is, by definition, the shot noise current caused by the optical input signal. This excludes other noise sources on the input side. The output noise current is the sum of five contributions. Each of these contributions can be expressed by a partial noise factor: a) signal shot noise factor, Fshot,

40、sig, from shot noise from amplified input signal; b) ASE shot noise factor, Fshot,ase, from shot noise from amplified spontaneous emission; c) signal-spontaneous noise factor, Fsig-sp, from signal beating with ASE; d) spontaneous-spontaneous noise factor, Fsp-sp, from ASE beating with itself; e) noi

41、se factor from multiple path interference (MPI), Fmpi. The total noise factor (in linear, not logarithmic units) is: mpispspspsigaseshot,sigshot,total FFFFFF += (2) The noise figure can be calculated using: ( )totallog10 FNF = (3) Equation (2) can be used for optical noise figure measurements, as we

42、ll as for estimating the influence of various parameters in electrical noise figure measurements. It represents a complete noise figure model of an OFA. 4 Noise figure contributions The signal shot noise factor is: GF 1sigshot, = (4) Copyright Electronic Industries Alliance Provided by IHS under lic

43、ense with EIANot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-SP-3-0027 (61290-3 IEC:2000 to be adopted as TIA-455-222) 4where G is the gain at the signal wavelength. The ASE shot noise factor is: in2aseaseshot,PGPF = (5) where Pase is the wavelength-integrated ASE

44、power; Pin is the optical input signal power. The signal-spontaneous noise factor is: sigpase,spsig h2 nrGF = (6) where r ase,p is the optical power density of spontaneous emission, in the same polarization state as the output signal, at the signal wavelength, in W/Hz; h is Plancks constant; nsig =

45、c/lsig is the optical signal frequency, in Hz. The spontaneous-spontaneous noise factor is: in2sigspsp2asespsp h2 PGBFnr = (7) where r ase is the optical power density of total (unpolarized) spontaneous emission, at the signal wavelength, in W/Hz; Bsp-sp is the equivalent spontaneous-spontaneous opt

46、ical bandwidth defined in IEC 61291-1; it depends on power and wavelength of input signal. NOTE When Bsp-sp is known, there is no need for separate measurement of Fsp-sp because it can be calculated from the signal spontaneous noise factor and the input power. Multiple path interference (MPI) noise

47、is generated by beating between the output signal and one or more doubly reflected replicae of the output signal. Two or more reflection points inside the OFA are necessary to generate MPI noise. When all reflection points are separated by more than the coherence length of the optical source, then the MPI noise factor is 11): ( )+pi= i GpfPFicav,i22inmpi h2nnn (8) where _ 1) Figures in square brackets refer to the bibliography. Copyright Electronic Industries Alliance Provided by IHS under license with EIANot for ResaleNo