ANSI UL 2182-2006 UL Standard for Safety Refrigerants (Second Edition Reprint with Revisions Through and Including January 24 2017)《制冷剂安全性标准》.pdf

1、UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL UL 2182 Refrigerants STANDARD FOR SAFETYUL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM ULUL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURT

2、HER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL UL Standard for Safety for Refrigerants, UL 2182 Second Edition, Dated April 21, 2006 Summary of Topics These revisions to ANSI/UL 2182 clarify the common ammable refrigerant requirements covering many UL standards. Text that has been chang

3、ed in any manner or impacted by ULs electronic publishing system is marked with a vertical line in the margin. The new and revised requirements are substantially in accordance with Proposal(s) on this subject dated October 28, 2016. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced,

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8、2182 tr1UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL JANUARY 24, 2017 UL 2182 tr2 No Text on This PageUL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL APRIL 21, 2006 (Title Page Re

9、printed: January 24, 2017) 1 UL 2182 Standard for Refrigerants First Edition December, 1994 Second Edition April 21, 2006 This ANSI/UL Standard for Safety consists of the Second Edition including revisions through January 24, 2017. The most recent designation of ANSI/UL 2182 as an American National

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12、emain the sole and exclusive property of UL. COPYRIGHT 2017 UNDERWRITERS LABORATORIES INC. ANSI/UL 2182-2017UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL JANUARY 24, 2017 REFRIGERANTS - UL 2182 2 No Text on This PageUL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL

13、 NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 1 Scope .4 2 General 4 2.1 Units of measurement .4 2.2 Undated references .5 3 Glossary .5 3A Refrigerant Purity 7 4 Storage Containers 7 PERFORMANCE 5 Fractionation Analysis .7 5.1 Leakage test

14、ing 7 5.2 Leak/Recharge testing 8 5.3 Fractionation determination by computer modeling 8 6 Flammability Limit Testing 8A 6A Heat of Combustion .10A 7 Autoignition Temperature Test .10B MARKINGS 8 General .10B JANUARY 24, 2017 REFRIGERANTS - UL 2182 3UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER

15、 REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL INTRODUCTION 1 Scope 1.1 This standard contains test procedures and methods to evaluate refrigerants and mark their containers according to the extent of the refrigerants ammability with regard to their intended use as components of air-condit

16、ioning and refrigeration equipment. 1.2 Deleted 1.3 The refrigerants covered in this standard are shipped either as: a) Liquids or gases in United States (US) Department Of Transportation (DOT) Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Title 49 (or the equivalent specications in a given country of origin) c

17、ontainers where applicable, or b) Gases compressed to liquids in US DOT CFR Title 49 (or the equivalent specications in a given country of origin) containers where applicable. This standard does not contain requirements for the containers that hold the refrigerants. 1.4 The data developed by this st

18、andard is with respect to the risk of re only. 1.5 This standard does not cover the physiological effects of the decomposition products of refrigerants, in any form, nor does it cover the efficiency or effectiveness of the refrigerants in their intended uses. This standard does not contain requireme

19、nts to investigate the toxicity of the refrigerants. 1.6 This standard does not cover the evaluation of refrigerants with regard to hazard communication systems (e.g. Globally Harmonized System of Classication and Labeling of Chemicals or GHS). 2 General 2.1 Units of measurement 2.1.1 Values stated

20、without parentheses are the requirement. Values in parentheses are explanatory or approximate information. JANUARY 24, 2017 REFRIGERANTS - UL 2182 4UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL 2.2 Undated references 2.2.1 Any undated refe

21、rence to a code or standard appearing in the requirements of this standard shall be interpreted as referring to the latest edition of that code or standard. 3 Glossary 3.1 For the purpose of this Standard, the following denitions apply. 3.2 AMBIENT TEMPERATURE 23.0 3.0C (73.4 5.4F). 3.3 AUTOIGNITION

22、 TEMPERATURE The minimum temperature to which any part of a vapor-air mixture must be raised by application of heat to produce self-sustained (autogenous) combustion, as indicated by the appearance of ame or glow. The autoignition temperature of a liquid or gas is not a physical constant, and is aff

23、ected by variables such as the size, shape, and degree of connement of the space in which the ignition occurs, catalytic and other actions of the heated surface, surface combustion, initial pressure, and the concentration of the vapor-air mixture. 3.4 AZEOTROPIC Blends comprising multiple components

24、 of different volatilities that, when used in refrigeration cycles, do not change volumetric composition or saturation temperature as they evaporate (boil) or condense at constant pressure (also see denition of ZEOTROPIC). Such blends are assigned an R-500 series number in accordance with ANSI/ASHRA

25、E Standard 34, Standard for Designation and Safety Classication of Refrigerants. 3.5 BLENDS Refrigerants consisting of mixtures of two or more different chemical compounds. 3.6 COMPOUNDS Substances formed by the chemical combination of two or more elements in denite proportions by mass. 3.7 FLAME PR

26、OPAGATION Combustion causing a ame which moves continuously upward and outward from the point of ignition without help from the ignition source. 3.8 FRACTIONATION A change in composition of a blend by preferential evaporation of the more volatile component(s) or condensation of the less volatile com

27、ponent(s). 3.9 HALOCARBON A hydrocarbon derivative containing one or more halogens; hydrogen also may be present. 3.10 HALOGEN One of the electronegative elements (uorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, astatine) found in Group VII A of the Periodic Table. 3.11 HEAT OF COMBUSTION The heat released when

28、substances are combusted, determined as the difference in enthalpy (heat of formation) between the reactants, fuel (refrigerant) and oxygen, and the reaction products after combustion. The heat of combustion exceeds zero for exothermic reactions (those that give off heat) and is negative for endothe

29、rmic reactions (those that require heat). The heat or enthalpy of combustion is often expressed as energy per mass (e.g., kJ/kg or Btu/lb). JANUARY 24, 2017 REFRIGERANTS - UL 2182 5UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL 3.12 HYDROCA

30、RBON A compound containing only the elements hydrogen and carbon. 3.13 LIMITS OF FLAMMABILITY The range of refrigerant concentrations in air, minimum and maximum, capable of ame propagation in accordance with the Standard Test Method for Concentration Limits of Flammability of Chemicals (Vapors and

31、Gases), ASTM E681, using a spark ignition source and a 5 L (hydrocarbon single or blends) or 12 L (halocarbon single or blends) ask. 3.14 LOWER FLAMMABILITY LIMIT (LFL) The minimum concentration of the refrigerant that is capable of propagating a ame in a homogeneous mixture of the refrigerant and a

32、ir under specic conditions of tests. The LFL normally is expressed as refrigerant percentage by volume under ambient atmospheric temperature and pressure conditions. Conversion factors for expressing LFL in units of mass per unit volume (i.e. kg/m 3 or lb/ft 3 ) are dependent upon the temperature an

33、d pressure of the tested refrigerant-air mixture. 3.15 NOMINAL FORMULATION The bulk manufactured composition of the refrigerant which shall be represented by the liquid composition in a cylinder which is 80 percent or more liquid lled. 3.16 REFRIGERANT The uid used for heat transfer in a refrigerati

34、ng or air conditioning system; the refrigerant absorbs heat and transfers it, usually with a phase change. Substances added to provide other functions such as lubricants, leak detection, absorption or drying are not refrigerants. 3.17 WORST-CASE FORMULATION The nominal formulation, which includes th

35、e manufacturers sales specication tolerances, that contains the most ammable concentration of components. 3.18 WORST-CASE FRACTIONATED FORMULATION(S), (WCFF) The composition during fractionation of the worst-case formulation that results in the highest concentration of ammable component(s) in the va

36、por or liquid phase for a mixture containing one ammable component, or the most ammable composition for a mixture containing two or more ammable components. (See 5.1.2, 5.1.3, and 5.2 for fractionation conditions). 3.19 ZEOTROPIC Blends comprising multiple components of different volatilities that,

37、when used in refrigeration cycles, change volumetric composition and saturation temperatures as they evaporate (boil) or condense at constant pressure. Such blends are assigned an R-400 series number in accordance with ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34, Designation and Safety Classication of Refrigerants. JAN

38、UARY 24, 2017 REFRIGERANTS - UL 2182 6UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL 3A Refrigerant Purity 3A.1 Refrigerant purity shall comply with the requirements of AHRI Standard 700 “Specication for Fluorocarbon Refrigerants” (most cur

39、rent revision). Refrigerants not covered by AHRI Standard 700 shall not contain more than 0.5 % by weight of volatile impurities including other refrigerants. 4 Storage Containers 4.1 The storage container shall comply with US DOT CFR Title 49 specications, or the equivalent specications in a given

40、country of origin. 4.2 The storage container shall include a means to discharge liquid when the container holds a refrigerant blend. PERFORMANCE 5 Fractionation Analysis 5.1 Leakage testing 5.1.1 Blends containing a ammable component(s) shall be evaluated to determine their worst-case fractionated f

41、ormulation(s), WCFF, during storage, shipping or use. Tests shall be conducted to simulate vapor leaks from: a) A container under storage/shipping conditions, b) A container representing air conditioning and refrigeration equipment during normal operation, standby and shipping conditions. 5.1.2 The

42、container used for these tests shall be able to withstand the vapor pressure of the blends at the highest temperature encountered. 5.1.3 To simulate vapor leaks under storage/shipping conditions, the container is to be liquid lled with the WCF at ambient temperature to 90 percent of mass (of maximum

43、 permissible by US DOT CFR Title 49 or the equivalent specications in a given country of origin) ll and then vapor leaked (2 percent by weight of the initial charge per hour) at the following temperatures: a) 54.4C (130F), b) Minus 40C (minus 40F) or the normal boiling point plus 10C (18F) or bubble

44、 point at 1 atm. plus 10C (18F), whichever is warmer, c) Ambient Temperature, d) If (c) produces a more ammable blend than shown in (a) or (b), a temperature between (a) and (c) or (b) and (c) that causes the worst-case fractionation should be conducted. In the fractionation experiment, the composit

45、ion of the head space gas and remaining liquid shall be determined by analysis (i.e., gas chromatography). Analyses shall be made initially after 2 percent of the total charge has leaked, next at 10 percent weight loss, and then at intervals of 10 percent weight losses until the cylinder reaches atm

46、ospheric pressure or no liquid remains. In the event that liquid remains and atmospheric pressure is not reached, the last analysis shall be made at 95 percent weight loss. JANUARY 24, 2017 REFRIGERANTS - UL 2182 7UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOU

47、T PERMISSION FROM UL 5.1.4 To simulate vapor leaks from equipment, the container is to be liquid lled at ambient temperature to 15 percent of mass (of maximum permissible by US DOT CFR Title 49 or the equivalent specications in a given country of origin) ll and then leaked, at the following temperat

48、ures: a) 60C (140F), b) Minus 40C (minus 40F) or the normal boiling point plus 10C (18F) or bubble point at 1 atm. plus 10C (18F), whichever is warmer, c) Ambient Temperature, d) If (c) produces a more ammable blend than shown in (a) or (b), a temperature between (a) and (c) or (b) and (c) that caus

49、es the worst-case fractionation should be conducted. In the fractionation experiment, the composition of the head space gas and remaining liquid shall be determined by analysis (i.e., gas chromatography). Analyses shall be made initially after 2 percent of the total charge has leaked, next at 10 percent weight loss, and then at intervals of 10 percent weight losses until the cylinder reaches atmospheric pressure or no liquid remains. In the ev