ANSI WMMA O1.1-3-2014 Safety Requirements for CNC Machining Centers for the Woodworking Industry.pdf

1、 ANSI O1.13 (2014) Safety Requirements for CNC Machining Centers for the Woodworking Industry Secretariat Wood Machinery Manufacturers of America (WMMA) Approved on May 16, 2014 American National Standards Institute, Inc. AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDS ANSI O1.1-3 (2014) 2 American National Standard O1

2、.1-3 (2014) Safety Requirements for CNC Machining Centers for the Woodworking Industry Table of Contents 1. Scope, purpose and application.3 1.1 Scope.3 1.1.1 Machine types excluded3 1.2 Additional requirements3 1.3 Application.3 2. Definitions4 3. References.10 3.1 Normative References10 4. Standar

3、ds for Designs11 4.1 Brakes and locking devices11 4.2 Motion Hazards11 4.3 Counterbalance systems.11 4.4 Cutting tool holding, clamping and retention.12 4.5 Controls.13 4.6 Dust collection.14 4.7 Electrical systems.14 4.8 External power sources14 4.9 Hydraulic and pneumatic systems14 4.10 Indicators

4、16 4.11Machine anchoring.16 4.12 Manually operated control devices.17 4.13 Modes of operation.18 4.14 Noise.19 4.15 Operator control stations.19 4.16 Safe guarding19 4.17 Spindle braking.23 4.18 Stop and emergency stop.23 4.19 Stored energy25 4.20 Structural integrity.25 4.21 Thermal hazard.25 AMERI

5、CAN NATIONAL STANDARDS ANSI O1.1-3 (2014) 3 4.22 Work piece support.26 5. Responsibilities.26 5.1 Supplier.26 5.2 Employer.26 5.3 Employee28 6. Hazard control.28 7. Layout, installation, testing and start-up28 7.1 General.28 7.2 Layout and installation28 7.3 Testing and start-up.30 8. Safe guarding.

6、30 8.1 Guards30 8.2 Safe guarding devices32 8.3 Awareness barriers.33 8.4 Safe guarding against specific hazards33 8.5 Safe work procedures.34 8.6 Performance of safety related functions.35 9. Set-up, operation and maintenance36 9.1 Machine set-up.36 9.2 Safe guarding36 9.3 Maintenance.38 9.4 Person

7、al protection equipment.39 9.5 Training.40 9.6 Supervision.41 9.7 Initiation of normal operation.42 AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDS ANSI O1.1-3 (2014) 4 Forward (This forward is not part of American National Standard O1.1-3 (2014).) Historical Perspective The revision of the original Safety Code for Woo

8、dworking Machinery was approved in 1944. The Standards Committee was reorganized in 1952, and the scope of the standard was changed. A comprehensive revision of the section on cooperage machinery was completed and a new section dealing with radial-type saws was included. The resulting standard was i

9、ssued in 1954 and reaffirmed in 1961. In 1969 the Standards Committee was again called and revised the 1954 (R1961) standard. The 1971 revision corrected and clarified several issues related to guarding and incorporated as a section of the standard an important head note in Section 6.1 of earlier ve

10、rsions of this standard. The standard was again revised and issued in 1975. In 1979 an amendment was made to the 1975 edition. Subsequent updates were published in 1992, 2002, 2004, 2009 and 2013. Prior to the 2004 edition, the committee adopted a resolution regarding the US Occupational Safety and

11、Health Administration (OSHA). The resolution remains in agreement with this edition and is therefore reproduced here: Resolved: As the standards developed by this committee are relevant to the health and safety of workers in the wood working industry, and as this committee is charged with developing

12、 such standards and recognized for its expertise in wood working industry safety and machinery, it is the intent and expectation of this committee that newly published versions of standards developed by this committee be adopted by the US Department of Labor as regulations under the United States Oc

13、cupational Safety and Health Act. The 2004 edition marked the beginning of a new process for the standard. Hereafter, the O1.1 standard will remain relatively static and new standards will be developed for specific machine within the scope of the O1.1 standard. Thus the O1.1 standard is considered a

14、n “umbrella” under which subsequent standards are developed. As a continuation of that process, the first edition of ANSI O1.1-1, Safety Requirements for Fixed Angle Jump Saws, was published in 2010, and the first edition of ANSI O1.1-3, Safety Requirements for CNC Machining Centers for the Woodwork

15、ing Industry, was developed and published in 2014. Suggestions for improvement of this standard are welcome. They should be sent to the Wood Machinery Manufacturers of America, 2105 Laurel Bush Road, Suite 201, Bel Air, MD 21015; jenniferwmma.org. AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDS ANSI O1.1-3 (2014) 5 Thi

16、s standard was processed and approved for submittal to ANSI by the Accredited Standards Committee O1. Committee approval of this standard does not necessarily imply that all committee members voted for its approval. At the time it approved this standard, the ASC O1 had the following members: Jack Hy

17、de, Chairman System Safety Society Mary Bauer Occupational Safety and Health Administration Mark Craig Woodworking Machinery Industry Association Michael L. Gililland Wood Machinery Manufacturers of America Greg Gramp (Alternate) Kitchen Cabinet Manufacturers Association Brad Graves Accu-Router, Inc

18、. Neal Growney (Alternate) American Society of Safety Engineers Dave Hanson Safety Speed Cut Manufacturing Jim Harris National Institute for Occupational Safety (1) routing, (2) milling, (3) boring, (4) shaping. It must also have at least two coordinated axes for movement (X-Y) and at least one spin

19、dle driving a rotating cutter. The axes operate in accordance with a NC program. The table/work piece support may be fixed or movable. Material can be held in place using vacuum, mechanical fixing, and pneumatic or hydraulic clamping. Automatic tool change devices may also be installed with the mach

20、ine. 2.2 Automatic operation Continuous sequence of movements of a machine in accordance with the control data until stopped by the program or the operator. AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDS ANSI O1.1-3 (2014) 8 2.3 Awareness barrier An attachment that by physical contact warns personnel of the proximity

21、of a hazard. 2.4 Awareness device A barrier, signal or sign that warns individuals of an impending, approaching or present hazard. 2.5 Awareness signal A signal that, by means of audible sound or visible light, warns of a present or impending hazard. 2.6 Cycle stop Temporarily stops all controlled m

22、ovement of the machine when the energy supply does not need to be cut off. Movement resumes from last command with operator input. 2.7 Emergency stop A control, that when actuated, initiates immediate or controlled stopping action of hazardous motion of the system. 2.8 Enclosure-complete A combinati

23、on of fixed and/or moveable guards when closed completely, encloses the machine preventing access to it as well as stopping parts (e.g. dust, scrap, cutting material) from exiting the enclosure. 2.9 Enclosure-partial A combination of fixed and/or moveable guards which when closed encloses the define

24、d machine danger area. It may or may not have openings or a ceiling. 2.10 Feed hold See Cycle stop. AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDS ANSI O1.1-3 (2014) 9 2.11 Fixture A means used to locate or support material, workpieces or tools (tooling) during operation.2.12 Guard A barrier, which prevents entry into

25、 the work zone or other hazard area. 2.13 Guard locking Locking a guard closed or delaying the opening of a guard until motion has ceased. 2.14 Hold-to-run control device Control device, which initiates and maintains operation of machine elements only as long as the manual control is activated. 2.15

26、 Infrequent access Less than once per day or shift. 2.16 Integrated workpiece loading A feed mechanism for the workpiece, which is integrated with the machine where the workpiece is automatically loaded onto the table/workpiece support. 2.17 Integrated workpiece unloading An off feed mechanism for t

27、he workpiece, which is integrated with the machine where the workpiece is automatically removed for the table/workpiece support. 2.18 Interlocked guard A guard with a tripping mechanism that causes the hazardous movements to stop when the guard is moved from its protecting position. The machine cann

28、ot cycle or be started until the guard is back in place. Replacing the guard should not automatically restart the machine. AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDS ANSI O1.1-3 (2014) 10 2.19 Jog To impart motion by momentary manual operation of the jog control device. 2.20 Jog-Incremental Moves a selected axis o

29、ne-step in the selected direction. The manufacturer sets each step increment. E2.20 For example each step can be 10, 100 or 1000 times the input increment. 2.21 Loading/unloading The movement of material on to or off of the machine table or workpiece support. 2.22 Manual data input (MDI) mode Lets a

30、n operator enter and execute NC commands without disturbing stored data. 2.23 Operator An individual who performs production work and who controls the machine. 2.24 Operators control station The complement of controls used by the operator to operate the machine. 2.25 Pinch point An area, excluding t

31、he work zone or trapping space, that poses a hazard by exposure to moving parts of the machine, its related machines or equipment, or the material/workpieces. 2.26 Setup The process of adjusting the machine, the installation and adjustment of workholding devices or tooling and appropriate safeguardi

32、ng to ensure proper and safe operation of the machine. 2.27 Spindle The rotating component to which the tool E2.28 The spindle can be an electric motor, driven shaft or a combination. AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDS ANSI O1.1-3 (2014) 11 and/or tool holder are attached. 2.28 Supplier An individual, corp

33、oration, partnership or other legal entity or form of business who provides equipment or services. a) When the user provides equipment or services, the user is considered a supplier within the scope of that work activity. b) Under certain circumstances (i.e., acting as a builder, modifier, integrato

34、r), the user may act as a supplier within the scope of that work activity. 2.29 Table Ready Switch A device that informs the operator or machine control that the table is ready to be loaded or unloaded. E2.30 Examples of this type of switch can be an electric switch, proximity switch, limit switch o

35、r photo eye. 2.30 Tool A device that is held and moved by the machine in order to perform its function, task, etc. to remove material. 2.31 Tool holder A device that holds the tool and transmits the rotation of the spindle to the tool. It may or may not be integral to the spindle. 2.32 Tool trapping

36、 space The space where it is possible to trap body parts between the tooling and its mounting and the workpiece or workholding equipment.2.33 User An entity that utilizes machines and related equipment. AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDS ANSI O1.1-3 (2014) 12 2.34 Warning Notice of possible harm to personn

37、el, or bystanders, or both. 2.35 Work zone The space within the machine where the machining operations take place. E.2.36 A machine may contain more than one work zone and/or table(s). 3 References Portions of the following standards, through reference in the text of this standard, constitute provis

38、ions of this American National Standard. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All standards are subject to revision and parties to agreements based on this American National Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the s

39、tandards indicated below. 3.1 Normative references 3.1.1 ANSI O1.1 Safety Requirements for Woodworking Machinery 3.1.2 ANSI / NFPA 70, National Electrical Code 3.1.3 ANSI / NFPA 70E, Electrical Safety Requirements for Employee Workplaces 3.1.4 ANSI / NFPA 79, Electrical Standard for Industrial Machi

40、nery 3.1.5 ANSI Z535 Safety Standards AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDS ANSI O1.1-3 (2014) 13 3.1.6 EIA RS-274-D Programming for NC Machines 3.1.7 ANSI B11.0 Risk assessment 3.1.8 ANSI B11.19 - Performance Requirements for Safeguarding 4 Design Requirements for CNC Machining Centers E4 These requirements

41、can be met by the manufacturer or end user. 4.1 Brakes and locking devices Brakes or locking mechanisms shall be of the self-actuating type where they are used for anti-motion devices E4.1 Mechanisms such as spring-set brakes may be used to fulfill this requirement. 4.2 Motion hazards The manufactur

42、er shall provide protection against the risk of moving part hazards. Where hazards cannot be eliminated, they shall be safeguarded. Where they cannot be safeguarded the manufacturer shall warn against the hazards. 4.3 Counterbalance systems Counterbalance systems shall be provided to prevent or reta

43、rd unintended motion where the motion will create a hazard. A warning sign shall be provided if improper disassembly can create a hazard. AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDS ANSI O1.1-3 (2014) 14 4.3.1 Counterweights shall be designed and located so they themselves do not present a hazard to personnel in th

44、e area. 4.3.2 Hydraulic or pneumatic systems shall include a self-actuating locking or retarding mechanism if the motion can create a hazard. E4.3.2 Sudden release or loss of hydraulic fluid should not eliminate the counterbalancing capabilities of a system. Mechanisms such as orifices, check valves

45、, or spring loaded stops may be used to fulfill this requirement. 4.3.3 Safeguarding of counterbalance chains or cables shall be provided to prevent a hazard from whipping in case of failure. 4.4 Cutting tool holding, changing and retention. 4.4.1 Tool holder retention mechanisms shall prevent the u

46、ncontrolled release of the tool holder under normal operations. 4.4.2 The tool holder retention mechanism shall be monitored so that a failure to achieve correct registration or clamping of the tool holder shall: inhibit starting spindle rotation if the spindle is stopped or stop spindle rotation if

47、 running. 4.4.3 Releasing of the tool holder shall not be allowed while the spindle is rotating. AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDS ANSI O1.1-3 (2014) 15 4.4.4 Tool holder to tool retention: Mechanisms shall prevent the uncontrolled release of the tool when the toolholder and tool are put together. E4.4.4

48、Care should be taken to make sure the tool is properly installed in the toolholder. 4.4.5 Hydrostatic tool fixing devices which are an integral part of the spindle or which are permanently connected with it shall have an additional mechanical device to prevent loosening of the tool in case of pressu

49、re loss. 4.4.6 When the machine is equipped with an automatic tool changer, access to hazardous movements of the tool magazine shall be safeguarded. 4.4.7 A control to release the tool holder retention mechanism shall be close enough to avoid excessive reaching while supporting the weight of the tool and tool holder. 4.5 Controls The controls may be electrical, mechanical, hydraulic, pneumatic or in combination. The control system shall be designed with a stopping operation that r