ARMY ADS-13 F-HDBK-1997 AIR VEHICLE MATERIALS AND PROCESSES《航空器的材料及制程》.pdf

1、ADS-13F-HDBK 16 JUNE 1997 AERONAUTICAL DESIGN STANDARD HANDBOOK AIR VEHICLE MATERIALS AND PROCESSES UNITED STATES ARMY AVIATION AND TROOP COMMAND ST.LOUIS, MISSOURI AVIATION RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER DIRECTORATE FOR ENGINEERING DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A. Approved for public release, distributio

2、n is unlimited. Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-r k I ADS-13F-HDBK AERONAUTICAL DESIGN STANDARD HANDBOOK AIR VEHICLE MATERIALS AND PROCESSES UNITED STATES ARMY AVIATION AND TROOP COMMAND ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI AVIATION RESEARCH, DEVELOPM

3、ENT, AND ENGINEERING CENTER DIRECTORATE FOR ENGINEERJNG PREPAREDBY: 4 2#/- L. DARYL TRYSON Materials Branch REVIEWED BY: Q distribution unlimited. 2. This handbook combines and updates the contents of the former ADS-13 and ADS-35. Requirements from those documents have been revised to become guideli

4、nes. These guidelines are based on lessons learned in the effective use and processing of metallic, nonmetallic, and composite materials for Army aircraft applications. 3. This handbook is for guidance only. This handbook cannot be cited as a requirement. If it is, the contractor does not have to co

5、mply. 4. Any beneficial comments (recommendations, corrections, additions, or deletions) whch may be of use in improving this document should be addressed to: Commander, US Army Aviation and Troop Command, ATTN: AMSAT-R-E, 4300 Goodfellow Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63 120-1798. 11 Provided by IH

6、SNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-h T ADS- 13F-HDBK CONTENTS PARAGRAPH PAGE FOREWORD 11 CHAPTER 1 SCOPE 1.1 Scope . 1-1 CHAPTER 2 APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS 2.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7、 . . . . . . . . . .2- 1 2.2 Government documents 2- 1 2.2.1 Specifications, standards, and handbooks . 2-1 2.2.2 Other Government documents and publications . 2-8 2.3 Non-Government publications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2- 1 1 2.4 O

8、rder of precedence 2-23 CHAPTER 3 GENERAL MATERIALS AND PROCESSES INFORMATION 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 Introduction . 3- 1 Materials and processes 3- 1 Materials properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3- 1 Corrosio

9、n protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3- 1 Temperature effects 3- 1 Minimum gage of materials . 3-2 Fracture toughness 3-2 Flammability characteristics . 3-3 . 111 Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted wit

10、hout license from IHS-,-,-ADS- 13F-HDBK 3.9 3.10 3.1 1 3.12 3.13 3.14 4.1 4.2 4.2.1 4.2.2 4.2.3 4.2.4 4.2.5 4.2.6 4.3 4.3.1 4.3.2 4.4 4.5 5.1 5.2 5.2.1 5.2.2 5.2.3 5.2.4 5.2.5 5.2.6 5.2.7 Materials for survivability 3-3 Radioactive materials 3.4 Carcinogenic materials . 3-4 Ozone depleting chemicals

11、 . 3-4 Processes . 3-4 Nondestructive inspection . 3-4 CHAPTER 4 METALS Introduction . 4-1 Steel 4-1 Cleanliness 4-1 Composition 4. 1 Heat treatment . 4. 1 Hardenability 4-2 Forming or straightening of steel parts . 4-2 Aluminum . 4-2 Heat treatment . 4-2 Magnesium alloys . 4-3 Castings . 4-3 Shot p

12、eening . 4-1 Forming and straightening 4-2 CHAPTER 5 NONMETALLIC MATERIALS Introduction . 5-1 Organic materials 5-1 Environmental resistance 5. 1 Corrosion characteristics 5-1 Cellular materials 5-1 Leather 5. 1 Elastomeric potting/encapsulating compounds 5-2 Adhesiveshonding 5-2 Fuel tank sealing c

13、ompounds 5-2 . iv Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-I ADS- 13F-HDBK 5.2.8 Corrosion-inhibiting sealants 5-2 5.2.9 Silicone sealants 5-2 5.2.10 Polyurethane elastomers . 5-2 I I 5.3 Transparent materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

14、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-2 5.4 Lubricants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-3 I 6.1 6.2 6.3 6,3.1 613.2 6.3.3

15、6.3.4 6.3.5 6.3.6 6.3.7 6.4 6.4.1 6.4. l. 1 6.4.1.2 6.4.1.3 6.4.1.4 6.4.1.5 6.4.2 6.4.2.1 6.4.2.2 6.4.2.3 6.4.2.4 6.4.2.5 6.4.2.6 6.4.2.7 6.4.2.7.1 6.4.2.7.2 6.4.2.8 CHAPTER 6 COMPOSITE MATERIALS Introduction . . 6- 1 Summary of composite material guidelines . . 6- 1 General guidelines for composite

16、 material property determinations . . . . . . . . . .6- 1 I MIL-HDBK- 17 compliance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6- 1 Critical material properties . 6-2 Screening tests 6-2 Contractor test plan . 6-2 Test specimen preparation

17、techniques . . 6-2 Process control 6-3 Systems of units 6-3 Composite material property determinations 6-3 Physical properties 6-3 Composite material description 6-3 I Constituent contents ,., 6-4 Matrix chemical composition . 6-4 Density/specific gravity . . 6-4 Hardness . . 6-4 Mechanical properti

18、es . 6-5 Tensile properties 6-5 Compressive properties 6-6 Flexural properties 6-7 Shear properties 6-8 Fatigue properties 6-9 Creep properties 6-10 I Damage tolerance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6- 1 1 Impact properties 6- 1 1 Fracture toughness 6-12 Bearing strength . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6- 13 I I I V Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ADS- 13F-HDBK 6.4.3 6.4.3.1 6.4.3.2 6.4.3.2.1 6.4.3.2.2 6.4.3.2.3 6.4.3.3 6.4.3.4 6.4.4 6.4.4.1 6.4.4.2 6.4.4.3 6.4.4.4 6.4.4.4.1 6.4.4.5 6

20、.4.4.6 6.4.4.7 6.4.4.7.1 6.4.4.7.2 6.4.5 6.4.5.1 6.4.5.2 6.4.5.3 6.4.5.4 6.5 6.5.1 6.5.2 6.5.3 6.5.4 6.5.5 6.5.6 6.5.7 6.5.7.1 6.5.7.2 6.5.7.3 6.6 6.6.1 6.6.2 Environmental resistance/durability properties 6-14 Resistance to natural and induced environments 6-14 . Chemical resistance 6-15 Solvents/c

21、leaners/aircraft fluids 6-15 Nuclear. biological. chemical (NBC) effects/decontaminants 6-18 Miscellaneous chemicals 6-18 Water/moisture absorption 6-18 Surface wear resistance . 6-20 Thermal properties 6-20 Thermal expansion coefficients 6-20 Thermal conductivities . 6-21 Heat capacity/specific hea

22、t . 6.22 Thermal transitions . 6-22 Glass transition temperature . 6-22 Thermal mechanical stability 6-23 Thermal/oxidative stability . 6-23 Thermal decomposition 6-23 Flammability/fire resistance . 6-23 Combustion products/smoke . 6-24 Electrical properties 6-24 Dielectric constadpermittivity 6-24

23、Dielectric strength . 6-24 Dissipation factoddielectric loss . 6-24 Generation of material allowables 6-25 Specimen types/descriptions . 6-25 Screening tests 6-25 B-basis values . 6-27 Test conditions 6-27 Statistical treatment . 6-29 Composite material data report . 6-29 Format . 6-29 Sample prepar

24、ation summary . 6-29 Composite material property test results 6-30 Composite material design considerations . 6-30 Material selection methodology 6-30 Risk minimization . 6-30 Surface resistivity/volume resistivity 6-24 Sample conditioning . 6-28 Vi Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or ne

25、tworking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ADS- 13F-HDBK 6.6.3 6.6.4 6.6.5 6.6.6 6.6.7 6.6.7.1 6.6.7. 1 . 1 6.6.7.1.2 6.6.7.1.3 6.6.7.1.4 6.6.7.1.5 6.6.7.1 .5 . 1 6.6.7.1.5.2 6.6.7.1.5.3 6.6.7.1 S.4 6.6.7.1.6 6.6.7.1.6.1 6.6.7.1.7 6.6.7.1.7.1 6.6.7.2 6.6.7.2.1 6.6.7.2.2 6.6.7.2.3 6.6.7.2.4 6.6.

26、7.2.5 6.6.7.3 6.6.7.3.1 6.6.7.3.2 6.6.7.3.3 6.6.7.4 6.6.7.4.1 6.6.7.4.2 6.6.7.4.3 6.6.7.4.4 6.6.7.5 6.6.7.6 6.6.7.6.1 6.6.7.6.2 Material screening process 6-31 Final material selection . 6-31 Material acceptability . 6-31 Material verificatiordcertification . 6-32 Material performance criteria . 6-3

27、2 Analytical composite properties . 6-33 Compensated properties 6-33 Scale-up considerations 6-33 Mechanical characteristics 6-33 Environmental resistance characteristics 6-34 Chemical resistance 6-34 NBC/laser resistance . 6-35 Corrosion resistance 6-35 Watedfluid integrity . 6-35 Thermal character

28、istics . 6-35 Electrical/electromagnetic characteristics . 6-36 Processability and producibility 6-36 Processing feasibility considerations 6-37 HealtWsafety risks . 6-37 Processing validatiordverification . 6-37 Tooling/fabrication feasibility 6-38 Processing quality control . 6-38 Adhesivehealant

29、bonding characteristics . 6-38 Bondability/suitable adhesives . 6-38 Adhesive durability . 6-39 Surface preparatiordprocessing guidelines . 6-39 Reliability/maintainability/supportability . 6-39 Material durability 6-40 Material compatlblllty . 6-40 Material supportablllty 6-40 Repalrablllty/repair

30、methods . 6-40 Survivability 6-41 Control of material variations . 6-41 Second-source materials . 6-42 Material properties 6-32 Flammability . 6-36 Lightning protection . 6-36 . . Sources and supply . 6-41 vii Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from

31、IHS-,-,-ADS- 13F-HDBK 6.6.7.7 Cost criteria . 6-42 6.7 Control of composite material processing 6-43 6.7.1 Production controls . 6-43 6.7.2 Quality controls . 6-43 6.7.2.1 Process control specimens 6-43 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4.1 7.4. 1 . 1 7.4.1.2 7.4.1.3 7.4.2 7.4.2.1 7.4.2.2 7.4.2.3 7.5 7.5.1 7.5.2 7.6 7.

32、7 7.7.1 7.7.2 7.7.3 7.8 7.8.1 7.8.1.1 7.8.1.2 7.8.1.3 7.8.1.4 7.8.1.5 f.4 CHAPTER 7 CORROSION PREVENTION AND CONTROL Introduction . 7. 1 Corrosion Prevention and Control program objective 7-1 Corrosion Prevention and Control program application . 7-1 General Corrosion Prevention and Control program

33、guidelines 7-1 Corrosion Prevention and Control program documentation . 7-1 Corrosion Prevention And Control plan . 7-2 Finish specification . 7-2 System-peculiar corrosion prevention maintenance procedures 7-2 Schedule for submission . 7-3 Corrosion Prevention And Control plan . 7-3 Finish specific

34、ation . 7-3 System-peculiar corrosion prevention maintenance procedures 7-3 Implementation of the Corrosion Prevention Action Team 7-3 Membership 7-3 Duties 7-4 Materials and processes selection considerations . 7-4 Exclusion of rain and airborne spray 7-4 Dissimilar metals 7-5 Aluminum . 7-5 Alloy

35、selection 7-5 Sheet aluminum 7-5 Aluminum alloy selection limitations . 7-5 Maximum metal removal 7-6 Shot peening for stress corrosion resistance . 7-6 General design guidelines for corrosion prevention . 7-4 Drainage 7-5 Specific design guidelines for corrosion prevention of metallic materials . 7

36、-5 . v111 Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-. 7.8.1.6 7.8.2 7.8.2.1 7.8.2.2 7.8.3 7.8.3.1 7.8.3.2 7.8.3.3 7.8.4 7.8.4.1 7.8.4.2 7.8.4.3 7.8.5 7.3.6 7.8.7 7.8.8 7.9 7.10 7.1 1 7.1 1.1 7.1 1.1.1 7.11.1.2 7.1 1.2 7.1 1.3 7.11.4 7.12 7.12.1

37、 7.12.2 7.12.3 7.12.4 7.12.5 7.13 7.14 7.15 7.15.1 7.15.2 7.15.3 ADS- 13F-HDBK Stress corrosion factor 7-7 High strength low alloy steels . 7-7 Protective metallic coatings 7-7 Stress corrosion factors . 7-8 Corrosion resistant steels 7-8 Corrosion characterlstlcs . 7-8 Surface treatments . 7-8 Limi

38、tations 7-8 Surface considerations 7-9 Fretting 7-10 Special precautions . 7-10 Beryllium 7-10 Mercury . 7-10 Insulating blankets 7-10 Electronic equipment 7-11 Cleaning 7-11 Cleaning after assembly 7-11 Surface damage . 7-11 Marking pencils 7-12 Aluminum . 7-12 Cadmium coatings 7-13 Magnesium 7-13

39、Special plated part considerations . 7-13 Organic finishes 7-13 Environmental sealing 7-14 Fastener installation 7-14 Removable fasteners . 7-15 Titanium 7-9 Magnesium 7. 10 Depleted uranium 7-10 Corrosion prevention during manufacturing operations . 7-11 Titanium contamination 7-11 Protection of pa

40、rts during storage and shipment 7-12 Inorganic finishes 7-12 Aluminum coatings 7-13 Fasteners in titanium . 7-15 Monel and stainless steel fasteners . 7-15 ix Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ADS-1 3F-HDBK CHAPTER 1 SCOPE l. 1 Scope. T

41、his ADS handbook embodies the general guidelines of the Army Aviation and Troop Command (ATCOM) for the materials and processes utilized in the design and construction of Army aircraft. It is for guidance only and cannot be cited as a requirement. If it is so cited, the contractor does not have to c

42、omply. 1-1 Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ADS- 13F-HDBK CHAPTER 2 APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS 2.1 General. The documents listed below are not necessarily all of the documents referenced herein, but are the ones that are needed in order to f

43、ully understand the information provided by this handbook. 2.2 Government documents; 2.2.1 Specifications, standards, and handbooks. The following specifications, standards, and handbooks form a part of this document to the extent specified herein. Unless otherwise specified, the issues of these doc

44、uments are those listed in the latest issue of the Department of Defense Index of Specifications and Standards (DoDISS) and supplement thereto. FEDERAL SPECIFICATIONS QQ-P-3 5 O-A-5 1 TT-N-95 TT-N-97 O-M-232 TT-T-548 P-D-680 TT-1-735 TT-S-73 5 Passivation Treatments for Corrosion- Resistant Steel Ac

45、etone, Technical Naptha; Aliphatic Naptha; Aromatic Methanol (Methyl Alcohol) Toluene, Technical Dry Cleaning and Degreasing Solvent Isopropyl Alcohol Standard Test Fluids, Hydrocarbon 2- 1 Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ADS- 13F-HDB

46、K O-E-760 O-E-708 Ethyl Alcohol (Ethanol); Denatured Alcohol; Proprietary Solvents and Special Industrial Solvents Ethylene Glycol Monomethyl Ether, Technical BB-F- 142 1 Fluorocarbon Refrigerants O-C- 1889 Cleaning Compound, Solvent A-A-5 8044 N-methylpyrrolidone DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE SPECIFICATION

47、S MIL-M-3 17 1 MIL-S-5002 MIL-B-5087 Magnesium Alloy, Processes for Pretreatment and Prevention of Corrosion on Surface Treatments and Inorganic Coatings for Metal Surfaces of Weapons Systems Bonding, Electrical, and Lightning Protection, for Aerospace Systems MIL-G-5485 Glass, Laminated, Flat, Bull

48、et-Resistant MIL-C-5541 MIL-H-5606 MIL-T-5624 MIL-E-605 1 Chemical Conversion Coatings on Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys Hydraulic Fluid, Petroleum Base, Aircraft, Missile, and Ordnance Turbine Fuel, Aviation, Grades JP-4, JP-5, and JP-5/JP-8 ST Electromagnetic Compatibility Requirements, Systems 2-2

49、Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ADS- 13F-HDBK MIL-H-6088 MIL-W-6729 MIL-1-6870 MIL-H-6875 MIL-E-7 125 . MIL-F-7 179 MIL-L-7808 MIL-A-8243 MIL-S-85 16 MIL-A-8625 MIL-S-8784 MIL-S-8802 Heat Treatment of Aluminum Alloys Watertightness of