ARMY MIL-DTL-32398-2013 LAMINATE CROSS-PLIED ULTRA-HIGH MOLECULAR WEIGHT POLYETHYLENE (UHMWPE) UNIDIRECTIONALLY REINFORCED PLASTIC ARMOR.pdf

1、 MIL-DTL-32398 9 June 2013 DETAIL SPECIFICATION LAMINATE: CROSS-PLIED ULTRA-HIGH MOLECULAR WEIGHT POLYETHYLENE (UHMWPE) UNIDIRECTIONALLY REINFORCED PLASTIC ARMOR This specification is approved for use by all Departments and Agencies of the Department of Defense. 1. SCOPE 1.1 Scope. This specificatio

2、n covers an ultra high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) cross-plied unidirectional reinforced plastic laminate for use in composite armor systems. 1.2 Classification. Laminates will be of the class and type specified (see 6.2): 1.2.1 Classes. 1.2.1.1 Class A. Thermoplastic polyolefin film, non

3、-gel spun tape. 1.2.1.2 Class B. Aqueous thermoplastic elastomer resin, gel spun polyethylene fiber. 1.2.1.3 Class C. Aqueous thermoplastic polyurethane resin, gel spun polyethylene fiber. 1.2.2 Types 1.2.2.1 Type 1. Flat, low pressure (Compression molding) (500 -2000 psi). 1.2.2.2 Type 2. Flat, hig

4、h pressure ( 2000 psi). Comments, suggestions, or questions on this document should be addressed to: Director, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Weapons and Materials Research Directorate, Materials and Manufacturing Technology Branch, Specifications and Standards Office, Attn: RDRL-WMM-D, Aberdeen Pro

5、ving Ground, MD 21005-5069 or emailed to richard.j.squillacioti.civmail.mil. Since contact information can change, you may want to verify the currency of this address information using the ASSIST Online database at https:/assist.dla.mil/. AMSC N/A AREA CMPS DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A. Approved for pub

6、lic release; distribution is unlimited. INCH-POUND Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-DTL-32398 2 2. APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS 2.1 General. The documents listed in this section are specified in sections 3, 4 or 5 of this specification. Th

7、is section does not include documents cited in other sections of this specification or recommended for additional information or as examples. While every effort has been made to ensure the completeness of this list, document users are cautioned that they must meet all specified requirements of docum

8、ents cited in sections 3, 4 or 5 of this specification, whether or not they are listed. 2.2 Government documents. 2.2.1 Specifications, standards, and handbooks. The following specifications, standards, and handbooks form a part of this document to the extent specified herein. Unless otherwise speci

9、fied, the issues of these documents are those cited in the solicitation or contract. DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE SPECIFICATIONS MIL-DTL-44050 - Cloth, Ballistic, Aramid MIL-DTL-46593 - Projectile, Calibers .22, .30, .50, and 20mm, Fragment Simulating DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE STANDARDS MIL-STD-662 - V50 Balli

10、stic Test for Armor. (Copies of these documents are available online at http:/quicksearch.dla.mil or at https:/assist.dla.mil or from the Standardization Document Order Desk, 700 Robbins Avenue, Building 4D, Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094.) 2.3 Non-Government publications. The following documents form

11、a part of this document to the extent specified herein. Unless otherwise specified, the issues of these documents are those cited in the solicitation or contract. ASTM INTERNATIONAL ASTM D123 - Standard Terminology Relating to Textiles ASTM D412 - Standard Test Methods for Vulcanized Rubber and Ther

12、moplastic ElastomersTension ASTM D1425/D1425M - Standard Test Method for Unevenness of Textile Strands Using Capacitance Testing Equipment ASTM D1601 - Standard Test Method for Dilute Solution Viscosity of Ethylene Polymers. ASTM D1777 - Standard Test Method for Thickness of Textile Materials ASTM D

13、2256/D2256M - Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Yarns by the Single-Strand Method Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-DTL-32398 3 ASTM D2563 - Standard Practice for Classifying Visual Defects in Glass-Reinforced Plastic L

14、aminate Parts ASTM D3418 - Standard Test Method for Transition Temperatures and Enthalpies of Fusion and Crystallization of Polymers by Differential Scanning Calorimetry ASTM D3776/D3776M - Standard Test Method for Mass per Unit Area (Weight) of Fabric ASTM D7269/D7269M - Standard Test Methods for T

15、ensile Test of Aramid Yarns ASTM D7744/D7744M - Standard Test Methods for Tensile Testing of High Performance Polyethylene Tapes (Copies of these documents are available from www.astm.org or ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959.) 2.4 Order of prece

16、dence. Unless otherwise noted herein or in the contract, in the event of a conflict between the text of this document and the references cited herein, the text of this document takes precedence. Nothing in this document, however, supersedes applicable laws and regulations unless a specific exemption

17、 has been obtained. 3. REQUIREMENTS 3.1 First article. When specified (see 6.2), a sample shall be subjected to first article inspection in accordance with 4.3. 3.2 Materials. Materials used shall be in accordance with the manufacturers materials specifications for UHMWPE fabrics. The materials shal

18、l be capable of meeting all the operational and environmental requirements specified herein (see 4.4). 3.2.1 Fiber. 3.2.1.1 Class A fiber. The non-gel spun UHMWPE tape used shall be continuous with no point defects from bubbles or visible trapped air (see 6.5.3), and have average lot properties as s

19、pecified in Table I. 3.2.1.2 Class B fiber. The gel spun UHMWPE yarn used shall be continuous filament, with no air entanglement or texturing and no added twist, and have the properties as specified in Table I. In addition, the fiber shall meet the following requirements: 3.2.1.2.1 Relative Solution

20、 Viscosity. Relative Solution Viscosity of at least 14.5 dl/g as measured by the procedure described in ASTM D1601. 3.2.1.2.2 Spin finish. Spin finish with a FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared) signature exhibiting absorbance peaks at 950960 cm-1, 1110-1120 cm-1, 1730-1740 cm-1 and 3300-3400 cm-1. Spi

21、n finish is removed from the yarn by Soxhlet extraction in a two-step process, first using methanol and second cyclohexane. The spin finish is collected in a single flask and the solvent is evaporated at each step using a Rotavap. A sample of the spin finish is smeared on a KBr disk using a rubber s

22、patula and a FTIR spectrum recorded with a FTIR spectrometer. Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-DTL-32398 4 3.2.1.2.3 Evenness. Evenness expressed as CV% less than 3.0 measured with a Keisokki Evenness Tester 80 Type C on a 400 yard

23、 length of multifilament yarn following procedure described in ASTM D1425/D1425M. 3.2.1.2.4 Fiber Signature 1. Fiber with an FTIR signature of at least 0.27 obtained from the following expression: (A1377-A1392) / (A1368-A1392) Sample Preparation and Analysis: Spin finish is removed from the fiber by

24、 Soxhlet extraction with methanol for 60 minutes. After the fiber is dried, a pressed film of nominal thickness (0.001”) is made by melting 0.1g fiber sample in a hot press at 150C for 30 seconds at a pressure of 500 psi. After quenching the film in water, an FTIR scan is recorded with an FTIR spect

25、rometer and absorbencies obtained at 1368, 1377, and 1392 cm-1. 3.2.1.3 Class C fiber. The gel spun UHMWPE yarn used shall be continuous filament, with no air entanglement or texturing and no added twist, and have the following properties as specified in Table I. Table I. Fiber Properties, as spun.

26、PROPERTIES CLASS A CLASS B CLASS C Denier per filament (DPF) nominal denier as measured by photomicrography or calculated from nominal yarn denier, filament count and fiber density 10550-11550 (denier/in) 5.4 1.75 0.25 Tenacity per denier per ASTM D7744/D7744M (Class A) or ASTM D2256/D2256M (Class B

27、) or ASTM D7269/D7269M (Class C) (gpd) 17.0-24.0 35.0 40.0 36.2 41.9 Modulus per denier per ASTM D7744/D7744M (Class A) or ASTM D2256/D2256M (Class B) or ASTM D7269/D7269M (Class C) (gpd) 1000-1500 (initial) 1275 - 1465 1268 1461 Elongation to break (%) per ASTM D7744/D7744M (Class A) or ASTM D2256/

28、D2256M (Class B) or ASTM D7269/D7269M (Class C), nominal 1.9 3.3 3.4 Finish on yarn by weight (%), nominal 0.0 1.3 0.9 3.2.2 Resin. 3.2.2.1 Class A resin. The resin shall be a low linear density polyethylene adhesive. The adhesive layer will have an areal density of 0.175 +/-0.0525 oz/yd2 and a melt

29、ing temperature range as determined by ASTM D3418 of 203-230F. Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-DTL-32398 5 3.2.2.2 Class B resin. The resin shall be an aqueous thermoplastic elastomer with a resin content of 17.0 % 2.0%. The resin

30、 shall be an aqueous dispersion of a linear styrene-isoprene-styrene block copolymer along with a rosin acid modifier. The styrene-isoprene-styrene block copolymer shall contain between 10% and 20% styrene monomer and will also contain between 15% and 25% of DI Block. The Melt Flow Index of the SIS

31、copolymer at 200 C and 5 Kg force will fall between 10 and 15 grams/10 minutes. The Tensile Strength of this polymer shall be approximately 3100-psi, as determined by ASTM D412. The Elongation at Break of this polymer shall be approximately 1300% as determined by ASTM D412. The 300% modulus of this

32、polymer shall fall between 100 and 200-psi as determined by ASTM D412. 3.2.2.3 Class C resin. The resin shall be an aqueous thermoplastic polyurethane with a resin content of 18% 3.0%. The resin shall have the following range of physical properties. Property Nominal Values Tensile strength (psi) / (

33、MPa) 5800 / 40 100% Modulus (psi) / (MPa) 700 / 5 Ultimate Elongation (%) 1000 Blocking Temperature ( C) 110 Hardness: Konig / Sward / Pencil 25 / - / - 3.2.3 Lamina. 3.2.3.1 Class A cross-plied unidirectional lamina. The cross-plied unidirectional lamina shall consist of two (2) unidirectional rein

34、forced plies, at 90 3 degrees fiber orientation relative to each other, and one fiber direction substantially parallel to the sheet machine direction. Each lamina will include 2 plies of unidirectional tapes and two layers of thermoplastic adhesive, of construction 0|adhesive|90|adhesive. The unidir

35、ectional tape layers will be constructed from individual ribbons of monolithic UHMWPE. 3.2.3.1.1 Areal density. The Class A cross-plied unidirectional lamina shall have an areal weight of 0.023 +/- 0.0025 lbf/ft2111 +/- 12g/m2as determined by using test articles used in lot ballistic testing per sec

36、tion 3.4.3. The mean lamina areal density will be the mean of the areal densities of the test articles, each divided by the number of lamina in the respective test article. 3.2.3.1.2 Thickness of the lamina. The thickness of the Class A lamina shall be 0.005 0.002 inches 0.127 +/-0.05 mm as determin

37、ed by ASTM D1777. 3.2.3.2 Class B cross-plied unidirectional lamina. The cross-plied unidirectional laminate shall consist of four (4) unidirectional reinforced plies, at 0|90|0|90 3 degrees fiber orientation relative to each other, and one fiber direction substantially parallel to the sheet machine

38、 direction. The unidirectional cross-plied tape shall have no more than 10 clearly noticeable defects per 100 lin. yds., where defects are defined in Table II and the term “clearly noticeable” shall be interpreted to mean visible at normal inspection distance of approximately 3 feet. Provided by IHS

39、Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-DTL-32398 6 Table II. Defects in Class B unidirectional cross-plied tape DEFECTS CONDITION English Units SI Units Fill Gap 0.16” 4 mm Warp Gap (Space between parallel fibers in the warp direction) 0.05” and 63” 1.

40、3 mm and 160 cm Consolidation Failure (Single area where both plies do not adhere) 0.75” x 0.75” 20 mm x 20 mm Contamination (Single area containing foreign material not typical to product) 0.25” x 0.25” 6.4 mm x 6.4 mm Resin Rich Area (Single area containing an increase amount of resin) 2.0” x 2.0”

41、 50 mm x 50 mm 3.2.3.2.1 Areal density. The Class B cross-plied unidirectional lamina shall have an areal weight of 0.0526 + 0.0016 lbf/ft2257 + 8 g/m2 as determined by ASTM D3776/D3776M (option C). 3.2.3.2.2 Thickness of the lamina. The thickness of the Class B lamina shall be 0.014 +/-0.002 inches

42、 0.36 +/-0.05 mm as determined by ASTM D1777. 3.2.3.3 Class C cross-plied unidirectional lamina. The cross-plied unidirectional laminate shall consist of four (4) unidirectional reinforced plies, at 0|90|0|90 degrees fiber orientation relative to each other, and one fiber direction substantially par

43、allel to the sheet machine direction. The unidirectional tape shall have no more than 10 clearly noticeable defects per 100 linear meters, where defects are defined in 3.2.3.3.1 and the term “clearly noticeable” shall be interpreted to mean visible at normal inspection distance of approximately 3 fe

44、et. 3.2.3.3.1 Visual Defects for Class C material. Visual defects, or spot faults, are defects of a certain size that can be e.g. a gap, weld, stain or foreign material. A defect counts as a visual defect when it exceeds both the width and the length dimensions mentioned below, where the width and l

45、ength are defined in reference to the direction of the roll length: Width 2.4 inch (6.0 cm) Length 0.24 inch (0.6 cm), or Width 1.0 inch (2.5 cm) Length 1.0 inch (2.5 cm), or Width 0.08 inch (0.2 cm) Length 2.4 inch (6.0 cm). 3.2.3.3.1 Areal density. The Class C cross-plied unidirectional lamina sha

46、ll have an areal weight of 0.0526 lbf/ft2-0.0555 lbf/ft2257 - 271 g/m2 as determined by Appendix A. 3.2.3.3.2 Thickness of the lamina. The thickness of the Class C lamina shall be 0.013 +/-0.003 inches 0.33 +/-0.08 mm as determined by ASTM D1777. 3.2.3.4 Ballistic resistance of lamina before molding

47、. Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-DTL-32398 7 3.2.3.4.1 Class A. The ballistic resistance of lots of 0|90-reinforced Class A lamina shall be tested on a sample from each lot, per section 4.3.2.1. The sample shall consist of two ta

48、rgets, each 10 plies of the 0|90-reinforced lamina, unmolded, with external dimensions 15-inches x 15-inches, laid up so that the reinforcement is 0|9010. The targets may be taped around the periphery, or tack stitched in the corners, as described in MIL-DTL-44050B section 4.5.5, to facilitate handl

49、ing and maintenance of registry between the layers during testing. No stitching, tape or other materials shall be in the interior of the targets where they are to be impacted. The minimum average V50of the lot test articles shall be 1425 ft/s. 3.2.3.4.2 Class B. The ballistic resistance of lots of 0|90|0|90-reinforced Class B lamina shall