1、 NOT MEASUREMENT SENSITIVEMIL-HDBK-126417 August 1998SUPERSEDINGMIL-STD-1264B18 January 1989DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSEHANDBOOKRADIOGRAPHIC INSPECTION FOR SOUNDNESS OF WELDSIN STEEL BY COMPARISON TO GRADED ASTM E390REFERENCE RADIOGRAPHSThis handbook is for guidance only. Do not cite this document as a req
2、uirement.AMSC N/A AREA NDTIProvided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-HDBK-1264iiFOREWORD1. This handbook is approved for use by all Departments and Agencies of theDepartment of Defense.2. This handbook is for guidance only. This handbook ca
3、nnot be cited as arequirement. If it is, the contractor does not have to comply.3. MIL-HDBK-1264 contains tables from which acceptance/rejection criteria canbe prescribed for radiographic inspection for soundness of welds in steel bycomparison to selected severity levels of ASTM E390 reference radio
4、graphs.4. All information and data contained in this handbook have been coordinatedwith industry and the U.S. Army, Navy, Air Force and DLA prior to publication.5. Copies of this document and revisions thereto may be obtained from theDefense Automated Printing Service (DAPS), 700 Robbins Avenue, Bui
5、lding 4D,Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094.6. Beneficial comments (recommendations, additions, deletions) and anypertinent data which may be of use in improving this document should beaddressed to: Director, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Weapons and MaterialsResearch Directorate, ATTN: AMSRL-WM-M, Aberde
6、en Proving Ground, MD21005-5069, by using the Standardization Document Improvement Proposal(DD Form 1426) appearing at the end of this document or by letter.Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-HDBK-1264iiiCONTENTSPARAGRAPH PAGEForewor
7、d . ii1. SCOPE 11.1 Scope. 12. APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS 12.1 General. 12.2 Government documents 12.2.1 Specifications, standards, and handbooks 12.3 Non-Government publications. 12.4 Order of precedence. 23. DEFINITIONS 23.1 Radiographic grade I 23.2 Radiographic grade II. 23.3 Radiographic grade III 23
8、.4 Radiographic grade IV. 24. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS 24.1 Qualification for inspection 24.2 Inspection lot 24.3 Grade. 25. DETAILED REQUIREMENTS 25.1 Determination of grades. 25.2 Acceptance criteria. 25.2.1 Applicable thickness ranges. 45.2.2 Further acceptance criteria. 45.3 Radiographic inspection.
9、 45.3.1 Welds, general 45.4 Standards. 45.4.1 Radiographic standards 45.5 Examination of rejected lots 45.5.1 Rejection. 45.5.2 Review 56. NOTES 56.1 Intended use 56.2 Producibility warning. 56.3 Subject term (key word) listing. 5TABLEI Severity level requirements for welds perASTM E390, Volume II,
10、reference radiographs. 3CONCLUDING MATERIAL 6Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-HDBK-126411. SCOPE1.1 Scope . This handbook prescribes requirements for radiographicinspection for soundness of welds in steel by comparison to selective
11、 severitylevels of ASTM E390, Volume II reference radiographs. The base materialvaries from greater that 0.25 to 3.0 in. (6.4 to 76 mm) inclusive inthickness. This handbook is not suitable for shipyard use. This handbook isfor guidance only. This handbook cannot be cited as a requirement. If it is,t
12、he contractor does not have to comply.2. APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS2.1 General . The documents listed below are not necessarily all of thedocuments referenced herein, but are the ones that are needed in order tofully understand the information provided by this handbook.2.2 Government documents .2.2.1 Spec
13、ifications, standards, and handbooks . The followingspecifications, standards, and handbooks form a part of this document to theextent specified herein. Unless otherwise specified, the issues of thesedocuments are those listed in the latest issue of the Department of DefenseIndex of Specifications a
14、nd Standards (DoDISS) and supplement thereto.STANDARDSDEPARTMENT OF DEFENSEMIL-STD-410 - Nondestructive Testing Personnel Qualification andCertification(Unless otherwise indicated, copies of t he above specifications,standards, and handbooks are available from the Defense Automated PrintingService (
15、DAPS), 700 Robbins Avenue, Building 4D, Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094.)2.3 Non-Government publications . The following document(s) form a partof this document to the extent specified herein. Unless otherwise specified,the issues of the documents which are DoD adopted are those listed in thelatest issu
16、e of the DoDISS, and supplement thereto.AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS (ASTM )ASTM E390 - Standard Reference Radiographs for Steel Fusion Welds(DoD adopted)ASTM E1742 - Standard Practice for Radiographic Examination(DoD adopted)(Application for copies should be addressed to the American
17、Society forTesting and Materials, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959.)AMERICAN PETROLEUM INSTITUTE (API)API STD 1104 - Welding of Pipelines and Related Facilities(DoD adopted)Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-HD
18、BK-12642(Application for copies should be addressed to the American PetroleumInstitute, 1220 “L” Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005-4070.)AMERICAN WELDING SOCIETY (AWS)AWS B3.0 - Welding Procedure and Performance QualificationAWS D1.1 - Structural Welding Code - Steel (DoD adopted)(Application for cop
19、ies should be addressed to the American WeldingSociety, 550 N.W. LeJeune Road, Miami, FL 33126.)2.4 Order of precedence . In the event of a conflict between the textof this document and the references cited herein, the text of this documenttakes precedence. Nothing in this document, however, superse
20、des applicablelaws and regulations unless a specific exemption has been obtained.3. DEFINITIONS3.1 Radiographic grade I . This term is used to classify a weld that issubject to high stresses in critical applications.3.2 Radiographic grade II . This term is used to classify a weld forcritical applica
21、tions with a small design safety factor.3.3 Radiographic grade III . This term is used to classify a weld forgeneral applications with an average design safety factor.3.4 Radiographic grade IV . This term is used to classify a weld thatis subject to low stresses.4. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS4.1 Qualificat
22、ion for inspection . Personnel performing radiographicinspection shall be qualified in accordance with MIL-STD-410. Radiographicinspection shall be conducted in accordance with ASTM E1742.4.2 Inspection lot . Unless otherwise specified, a lot shall consist ofall welds of a specific design and size p
23、roduced at one facility by the samepersonnel and production technique, and submitted for inspection at one time.4.3 Grade . Welds shall be designated grades I, II, III or IV as shownin table I. A grade I weld would contain the least and/or smallestdiscontinuities and a grade IV weld would contain th
24、e largest and/or mostnumerous discontinuities.5. DETAILED REQUIREMENTS5.1 Determination of grades . The design activity shall establish theleast acceptable grade for each weld design and this grade shall be indicatedon the applicable approved drawing. If grade is not provided on drawing orother cont
25、ractual document, grade II shall apply.5.2 Acceptance criteria . Welds graded I, II, III, or IV shall containdiscontinuities no greater than the acceptance level indicated in table I.Acceptance or severity levels indicated refer to those contained in ASTM E390.Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reprodu
26、ction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-HDBK-12643Each of the graded discontinuity types has five severity levels, 1 through 5in order of increasing severity. Arabic number one references a radiographwhich indicates smaller, fewer or less severe discontinuities than Arabicnumb
27、er two. Arabic number two references a radiograph which indicatessmaller, fewer or less severe discontinuities than Arabic number three and soon.TABLE I. Severity level requirements for welds per ASTM E390, Volume IIreference radiographs .WELD THICKNESS GRADE GRADE GRADE GRADEDiscontinuities MAXIMUM
28、 INCHES INCLUSIVE I II III IV3/8 NONE 1 2 3Fine Scattered Porosity 3/4 NONE 2 2 32 1 2 3 43/8 NONE 1 2 3Coarse Scattered Porosity 3/4 NONE 2 2 32 1 2 3 43/8 NONE 1 2 3Clustered Porosity 3/4 NONE 2 2 32 1 2 3 43/8 NONE 1 2 3Linear Porosity or Globular 3/4 NONE 2 2 3Indications 2 1 2 3 43/8 NONE 1 2 3
29、Slag Inclusions 3/4 NONE 2 2 32 1 2 3 43/8 NONE 1 2 3Tungsten Inclusions 3/4 NONE 2 2 33/8 NONE 1 2 3Incomplete Penetration 3/4 NONE 2 3 42 1 2 3 43/8 NONE 1 2 3Lack of Fusion 3/4 NONE 2 2 32 1 2 3 4Ungraded Discontinuities Up to 3/8 inclusiveCrater crack -NOT ALLOWED-Transverse Crack -NOT ALLOWED-L
30、ongitudinal Crack -NOT ALLOWED-Tungsten Inclusions -NO-GREATER THAN UNGRADED RADIOGRAPH-Ungraded Discontinuities 3/8, 3/4, and 2Undercut -NOT ALLOWED-Burn Through -NOT ALLOWED-Icicles (Teardrops) -NOT ALLOWED-Elongated (or Wormhole) Porosity -NOT ALLOWED-Crater crack -NOT ALLOWED-Transverse Crack -N
31、OT ALLOWED-Longitudinal Crack -NOT ALLOWED-Tungsten Inclusions -NO-GREATER THAN UNGRADED RADIOGRAPH-Note: The following notes are an integral part of table I.Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-HDBK-12644(1) When two or more types of
32、defects are present to an extend equal toor not significantly better than the acceptance standards for respectivedefects, the part shall be rejected.(2) When two or more types of defects are present and the predominatingdefect is not significantly better than the acceptance standard, the partshall b
33、e considered borderline, and requires further review.(3) Borderline welds may be considered acceptable, upon review andwritten approval by competent welding NDE and engineering personnel.(4) Gas holes or sand spots and inclusions allowed by this table shall because for rejection when closer than twi
34、ce their maximum dimension to an edgeor extremity of a weldment, in a highly stressed or critical area asdetermined by design engineering personnel.5.2.1 Applicable thickness ranges . The applicable thickness ranges forthe reference radiograph illustration plate thickness used to determineseverity l
35、evel requirements for welds in table I of this document are given intable I, Applicable Thickness Ranges, under Volume II, ASTM E390. A 0.375 in.(9.5 mm) illustration plate thickness is applicable for weld thickness over0.25 in. (6.4 mm) to and including 0.50 in. (13 mm). A 0.75 in. (19 mm)illustrat
36、ion plate thickness is applicable for weld thickness over 0.50 in.(13 mm) to and including 1.50 in. (38 mm). A 2.0 in. (51 mm) illustrationplate thickness is applicable for weld thickness over 1.50 in. (38 mm) to andincluding 3.0 in. (76 mm). The thickness limits for this document may beextended bey
37、ond the limits in table I, ASTM 390 with the approval of theprocuring activity.5.2.2 Further acceptance criteria . The design activity may chooseadditional acceptance criteria from AWS D1.1, section 10.17, AWS B3.0, andAPI STD 1104, section 6. These documents will only be applicable when theyappear
38、on the drawing or other contractual document.5.3 Radiographic inspection .5.3.1 Welds, general . Radiographic inspection shall be in accordancewith ASTM E1742. Acceptance inspection shall be in accordance with table Iand ASTM E390. The extent of radiographic inspection of all welds shall beaccomplis
39、hed as required by drawing or contract. If extent is not provided,radiographic inspection shall be 100% of weld joints.5.4 Standards .5.4.1 Radiographic standards . Radiographic standard grades shall beestablished for each weld design for which radiographic inspection isspecified (see 4.3). Such gra
40、des shall be in terms of ASTM E390 for steelfusion welds. Maximum acceptable defects shall be in accordance with table I.5.5 Examination of rejected lots .5.5.1 Rejection . Unless prohibited by the drawing, specification orother contract document, weld joints rejected because of non-compliance toAST
41、M E390 and table I may be repaired using a repair procedure approved by theProvided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-HDBK-12645authorized government inspection. All repaired areas shall be re-inspected inaccordance with paragraph 5.3.1.5.5.
42、2 Review . In performing the review of the rejected lot, atechnique may be detailed for the subjection of welds to various destructivetests, including loading (as in service use) or by sectioning, as practicable.This consideration shall be predicated on the size of the rejected lot, thesize of the w
43、elds and criticality of the weld application.6. NOTES(This section contains information of a general or explanatory nature thatmay be helpful, but is not mandatory.)6.1 Intended use . This handbook is to be used as a guide whencomparing radiographic inspection for soundness of welds in steel to sele
44、ctedseverity levels of reference radiographs provided in an ASTM standard.6.2 Producibility warning . The grade assigned to the weld shouldrepresent a realistic value for safety and for functional requirement. Do notassign a grade I weld for a grade II function. Caution should be exercised inspecify
45、ing the grade of maximum permissible radiographic discontinuity levelto be met in a weld.6.3 Subject term (key word) listing .Crater crackDiscontinuitiesPorosityTungsten inclusionsProvided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-HDBK-12646CONCLUDI
46、NG MATERIALCustodians: Preparing activity:Army - MR Army - MRNavy - ASAir Force - 11 (Project NDTI-0268)Review activities:Army - CR, PTNavy - NPAir Force - 10, 13DLA - DH(DCMC-OF, DLSC-LEQ)Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-STANDARDIZATION DOCUMENT IMPROVEMENT PROPOSALINSTRUCTIONS1. The preparing activity must complet
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