ARMY MIL-HDBK-411 B VOL III-1990 POWER AND THE ENVIRONMENT FOR SENSITIVE DOD ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT (GENERAL)《敏感国防部的电子装备(普通)的电源和环境》.pdf

1、MIL-HDBK-4LLB SL 7779770 0062370 b m ASMC N/A NOT MEASUREMENT SENSITIVE MIL-HDBK-411 B 15 MAY 1990 SUPERSEDING 21 MAY 1971 -_- MIL-HDBK-411 A MILITARY HANDBOOK POWER AND THE ENVIRONMENT FOR SENSITIVE DoD ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT (ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL) VOLUME III AREA SLHC : distribution is unlimited. C

2、opyright Communications - Electronics Command Provided by IHS under license with CRAI Not for Resale No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,-. ._ - MIL-HDBK-VLLB SL M 9737970 00b237L . B = MIL-HDBK-411B . VOLUME III CONTENTS PARAGRAPH 1 . 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.4.1 1.4.2 1.4

3、.3 2 . 2.1 . 2.1.1 2.1.2 2.2 2.3 3 . 3.1 3.2 4 . . 5 . 5.1 5.2 5.2.1. 5.2.2 5.2.3 5.2.4 5.2.5 5.2.6 5.23 5.2.7.1 5.2.7.2 5.2.7.3 5.2.9 5.2.9.1 5.2.9.2 5.2.9.3 5.2.9.3.1 5.2.8 5.2.9.3.2 5.2.9.3.3 5.2.10 SCOPE . Purpose . Applicability Appl icati on gui dance Safety . Safe work place Confined spaces E

4、l ec tri cal /el ec troni c equi pmen t REFERENCED DOCUMENTS Government documents . Specifications. standards. and handbooks publications Order of precedence . Other Government documents. drawings. and Other publications DEFINITIONS Terms and definitions Acronyms and abbreviations GENERAL REQUIREMEN

5、TS . see Volume I DETAILED REQUIREMENTS . General . Fundamentals of environmental control Dry-bulb temperature Humidity Air quality Air cleanliness Air circulation Wet-bulb temperature and humidity . Pressure Atmospheric pressure . Absolute pressure and gauge pressure . Fluid flow pressure . Psychro

6、metrics and the psychrometric chart . Personal comfort and heal th Indoor air quality Standards that affect indoor air qual i ty . Other personal comfort and heal th factors Temperature and humidity Noise . Overall appearance . Heat generation. removal. and control . . 0. PAGE 111-1 111-1 111-1 111-

7、1 111-2 111-2 111-2 111-2 111-3 111-3 111-3 111-4 111-4 111-5 111-6 111-6 111-14 111-17 111-18 111-18 111-19 111-19 111-19 111-19 111-21 111-21 111-21 111-24 111-24 111-24 111-25 111-25 111-27 111-27 111-31 111-31 111-31 111-31 111-33 111-33 . ii Copyright Communications - Electronics Command Provid

8、ed by IHS under license with CRAI Not for Resale No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,-MIL-HDBK-YLLB SL 7777970 0062372 T M f t -HD&K -411 6 VOLUME III CONTENTS (Conti nued) 5.2.10.1 5.2.10.2 5.21 U . 3 5.2.10.4 5.2.10.4.1 5.2.10.4.2 5.2.10.5 5.3 5.3.1 5.3.1.1 5.3.1.2

9、 5.3.1.3 5.3.1.4 5.3.2 5.3.2.1 5.3.2.2 5.3.2.3 5.3.2.4 5.3.3 5.3.4 5.3.5 5.3.6 5.4 5.4.1 5.4.1.1 5.4.1.2 5.4.1.3 5.4.2.1 5.4.2.2 5.4.2.2.1 5.4.2.2.2 5.4.2.3 5.4.2.3.1 5.4.2.3.2 5.5 5.5.1 5.5.1.2 5.5.1 . 3 5.5.1.4 5.5.1.5 5.5.2 5.!jS2.1 5.5.2.2 5.5.2.3 5.5.2.4 . 5.4.2 5.5.1 b 1 Types of heat Heat tra

10、nsfer Heat measurement . Heat losses and gains in buildings Heat losses Heat gains . Controlling heat losses and gains Si te survey envi ronmental factors Climate Desi gri temperatures . Winds Degree days . Other design parameters . Geograp hi cal features . Vegetati on Solar energy . Winds Mater Si

11、te resources . Local utilities Local support acti vi ti es Si te survey engineering check1 i st . Building construction and design conditions . Heat transfer properties Conductivity . Condutance Resistance Practical calculations . The U-factor . Heating load . Winter desi gn condi ti ons Heat losses

12、 Cool i ng 1 oad . Summer design condi ti ons Heat gains . Environmental equipment and systems . Heating equipment . Forced-air systems Hot water systems Steam systenis Radiant panel systems Supplemental heating systems . Ventilating equipment . Ventilation standards Natural ventilation . Mechanical

13、 ventilation Fans . 111-36 111-36 111-37 111-37 111-37 111-40 111-40 111-41 111-41 111-44 111-44 111-44 111-45 111-45 111-45 111-45 111-45 111-47 111-47 111-47 111-47 111-47 111-47 111-48 111-48 111-48 111-48 111-50 111-50 111-54 111-54 111-55 111-64 111-65 111-67 111-69 111-71 111-72 111-74 111-77

14、111-77 111-80 111-84 111-84 111-84 111-85 111-85 ii Copyright Communications - Electronics Command Provided by IHS under license with CRAI Not for Resale No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,-5.5.2.5 5.5.3 5.5.3.1 5.5.3.2 5.5.4 5.5.4.1 5.5.4.2 5.5.4.3 5.5.5 5.5.5.1 5.

15、5.5.2 5.5*5.3 5.5.5.4 5.5.5.5 5.5.5.6 5.5.5.7 5.5.6 5.5.6.1 5.5.6.2 5.5.6.3 5.5.6.4 5.5.6.5 5.5.6.6 5.5.6.7 5.6 5.6.1 5.6.2 5.6.3 5.6.4 5.6.5 5.6.6 5.6.7 5.7 5.7.1 5.7.2 5.7.2.1 5.7.2.2 5.7.3 5.7.4 5.7.5 5.8 5.13.1 5.8.1.1 5.8.1.2 5.8.1.3 5.8.2 MIL-HDBK-4LLB SL W 999q970 00b2373 L MI L-HDBK-411 B. V

16、OLUFlE III CONTEIdTS (continued) Distribution of ventilation and conditioned air 111-86 Cooling equipment . Refrigeration cycles and equipment Evaporative cooling and equipment Humidity 1 eve1 control equipment Humi di fi cati on Dehumidification . Humidity monitoring equipment Lighting Lighting ter

17、ms. symbols. and units Example of luminous flux . Coefficient of utilization. . Human vision and brightness . Physical factors of seeing Lighting innovations Water supply and waste treatment Water usage . Water sources Water quality standards and treatment Water distribution Wate r s to rage Waster

18、water treatment Domestic hot water service Special enviromental considerations for . . Heating Ventilation and air quality Cooling Humi di ty Noise . Controls HVAC control and energy consumption Variable Air Volume (VAV) systems . . . . Integrated building automation systems . Control of humidity Li

19、ghting control s communications and computer-based equipment . Lighting systems monitoring and control . Analog and direct digital control . Envi ronmental Control of temperature . Control of air and liquid pressures Energy conservation . Energy management program . Energy manager Monitoring HVAC eq

20、uipment performance . . The energy audit and life cycle costs Cogeneration and other heat recovery methods . 111-86 111-87 111-93 111-95 111-95 111-97 111-97 111-97 111-97 111-99 II 1-1 01 111-1 03 111-103 111-105 111-111 111-1 11 111-111 111-114 111-1 14 111-117 111-1 17 111-1 17 111-118 111-118 11

21、1-119 111-119 111-119 111-1 21 111-1 21 111-1 111-122 21 111-1 22 111-123 111-1 25 111-125 111-1 27 111-127 111-1 27 I 11-1 28 111-128 111-129 111-1 29 111-130 111-130 111-130 . iv Copyright Communications - Electronics Command Provided by IHS under license with CRAI Not for Resale No reproduction o

22、r networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,-MIL-HDBK-4LLB SL I 9999470 0062374 3 I MIL-HLJBK-411 B VOLUME III 5.8.3 5.8.4 5.9 5.9.1 5.9.2 5.10 5.1 1 5.12 5.13 5.14 5.14.1 5,14.2 5,14.2.1 5.14.2-2 5.14.2.3 5-14.2.4 5.14,3 5.14.3 . 1 5.14.3.2 5.14.3.3 5.15 5.15.1 5.15.2 5.15.2.1 5.15.2.2 5.15

23、.2.3 5.15.3 5.16 5.16.1 5.16.2 5.16.3 5,16.4 5.16.5 6 . 6.1 6.2 6.3 CONTEtITS (conti nued) Economizer and off-peak operating cycles 111-132 Energy-ef f i ci en t construc ti on . Building design and upgrading environmental . . equipment . 111-133 EMI/EMC/EMP considerations 111-134 Groundi ny. bondi

24、ng. and shi el di ng 111-1 34 Fixed-facility design criteria 111-134 Standard floor plan 111-134 Inside environment . 111-135 Ducts for communication . 111-135 Raised floor considerations . 111-135 Ducts for power distribution . 111-136 Utility distribution . 111-136 Outside environment 111-136 Norm

25、al construction . 111-1 36 Hardened construction 111-137 Shock mount isolation 111-138 Power and signal line integration . 111-138 Environmental control system integration . e . . 111-138 Regulating fluid flow 111-139 Testing control devices . 111-139 Noi se and vi bration testing . 111-1 39 integra

26、ted control of nii ssi on support el ements . 111-1 39 Future environmental control trends which may impact DoD communications and data processing facilities 111-139 Energy management . 111-140 Computers and environmental control 111-140 hew technologies 111-140 Nerv materials . 111-141 New equipmen

27、t . 111-141 NOTES . 111-144 Intended use . 111-144 111-144 Changes from previous issue . 111-144 Equipment sel ecti on 111-1 33 Transient voltage protection . 111-134 TEMPEST requirements (general) 111-134 Facility integration . 111-138 Subject term (key word) listing . FIGURES Sling psychrometer .

28、111-23 Manometer measuring air pressure in ducts . e . . 111-26 Psychrometric charts 111-28 Pollutant entry and removal 111-29 personal comfort 111-32 Effects of temperature and air velocity on V Copyright Communications - Electronics Command Provided by IHS under license with CRAI Not for Resale No

29、 reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,-10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 b 34 35 36 37 I II III IV MIL-HDBK-ILB SL W 7999970 00b2375 5 b1IL-HDBK-411 B VOLUME III FIGURES (Continued) Noise criteria chart Room cirteria chart Stack effe

30、ct Controlling seasonal sun by roof overhang . Sun position chart . . Three-oval -core concrete block Transmission heat loss of block wall Transmission heat loss of framed wall . Heating/cooling load worksheet . Temperature lines of constant amplitude Forced-ai r furnaces Typical three- and four-pip

31、e networks . Room terminal devices . Heat exchange applications . Active solar heating system Mechanical vapor compression refrigeration . cycle . Heat pump modes Absorption refrigeration cycle . Direct evaporative cooler . Indirect evaporati ve cool er Lumi nous flux representation . Visable and ne

32、ar-visable spectra. . The electromagnetic spectrum and physical . factors in seeing . Use of wall switches for zonal and level lighting control Power consumption using a solid-state dimmer Results of using a dimmer on a 40-watt. 120-volt rapid-start fluorescent lamp . Results of using a dimmer on a

33、100-watt. 1 20-vol t mercury-vapor 1 ight Seasonal changes in sol ar radiation Dedicated enviromental control system for . computer room . . Basic architecture of dedicated niodul es DMs) . . Integrated ice storage/spri nkl er/cogenerated/ . HVAC system diagram Redundant fiber optic loop transmissio

34、n system . TABLES Temperature conversion formulas Air contaminents Altutude and temperature psychrometric charts . Indoor pollution sources 111-34 111-35 111-39 111-42 111-46 111-52 111-53 111-56 111-61 111-73 111-76 111-79 111-82 111-83 111-49 111-88 111-90 111-92 111-96 111-100 111-1 02 II 1-94 11

35、1-104 111-1 06 111-108 111-1 o9 111-1 10 111-112 111-1 20 111-1 24 111-1 42 111-143 111-20 111-22 111-27 111-30 a 0 a vi Copyright Communications - Electronics Command Provided by IHS under license with CRAI Not for Resale No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,-V VI VI

36、1 VI11 IX X XI XI I XII1 XI v XV xv I XVI I XVI I I XIX xx xx I MIL-HDBK-qLLB SL 7777770 00b237b 7 I MIL-IIDBK-411 B VOLUME III APPENDIX A 10 20 30 40 40.1 40.2 40.3 40.4 40.5 40.6 40.7 40.8 40.9 40.10 TABLES (Continued) lJ . S . outdoor desi gn condi ti on Thermal characteristics of construction .

37、materi al s Examples of component air leakage data . Heat loss coefficient (U) for below-grade . . floors and walls Heat loss coefficient (F) for on-grade slab . floors Examples of ASHRAE cooling load calculation . data . Room terminal devices Li ghti ng symbol s and terms Estimated domestic and ind

38、ustrial water . requirements for permanent installations . daily gallons per capita . Classes of water contaminants Maximum levels of water contaminants . recoinmended by EPA1 . Types of dedicated modules (DMs) . -VAV system comparisons . Subjects for energy audits . e o . . e e e o . Heating load c

39、alculations formula Cooling load calculations formula Heat produced by people . APPENDIXES ALTEKlATING CURRENT (ac I THEORY POWER USAGE DATA CULLECTION ANB USEFUL CONVERSIONS Scope . Applicable documents Definitions Review of alternating current (ac) theory e Elements . Electric charge o . . o e e o

40、 . . e . e . Electric current . Ac circuit characteristics Development of waveforms . Power generation . Voltage . e . o e . . e . e o e e . . e o Constant potential systems Alternating current (ac) systems . . e e . Single-phase power . 111-43 111-51 111-58 111-60 111-62 111-63 111-66 111-68 111-70

41、 111-78 111-98 111-1 13 111-1 15 111-1 16 111-1 23 111-1 26 111-131 A-1 A-1 A-1 A-1 A-1 A-1 A-1 A-2 A-2 A-8 A-8 A-8 A-8 A-10 vi i Copyright Communications - Electronics Command Provided by IHS under license with CRAI Not for Resale No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-

42、,-MIL-HDBK-9LLB SL W 4499970 00b2377 4 6 MIL-HDBK-411 B VOLUME III APPENDIXES (Continued) 4u.11 40.12 40.13 40.14 50 50.1 50.2 60 APPEIJDIX 13 11) 20 31) 30.1 30.2 40 40.1 40.2 50 60 60.1 60.2 60.3 60.4 60.5 70 APPENDIX C 10 20 30 30.1 30.2 30.3 30.4 Two-wire systems (10.2k) . A-10 Three-wi re syste

43、ms (1 0.3W) A-10 Three-phase power generation . A-10 Reasons for using ac power A-12 Power usage data collection A-16 DoD worksheets. . A-16 A-16 Sizing procedures A-16 Useful FIRE PROTECTION power conversions and tab1 es Scope . B-1 Applicable documents . B-1 Halon 1301 systems B-1 Design of facili

44、ties using Halon systems Exposure of personnel to Halon . Automatic water sprinkling systems Early warning system . B-5 Detectors. B-6 Heat detectors . B-6 Smoke detectors . B-6 Ionization detectors B-9 Flame detectors . B-9 Duct detectors . B-9 Fire prevention B-9 B-1 B-3 B-3 Types B-3 Installation

45、 B-5 PIiY S I CAL SEC URI TY Scope . c-1 Applicable documents . C-1 Access control C-1 Guard forces C-1 Mechanical or electronic cipher locks Dial combination locks . C-1 C-1 C-2 Internal ly control 1 ed electronic door re1 eases . viii Copyright Communications - Electronics Command Provided by IHS

46、under license with CRAI Not for Resale No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,-o 141 L-HDBK-411 B VOLUME III APPENDIXES (Continued) 40 c-2 Perimeter fencing. Perimeter lighting Types of perimeter lights. . Installation practices . C1 osed-ci rcui t tel evi si on (CCTV 1

47、 . Monitor station. Cameras. . 50 50.1 50.2 c-2 c-2 c-3 c -3 c-3 c-3 60 60.1 60.2 70 Intrusion detection systems (IDS). CHECKLISTS c -3 APPENDIX D 10 Scope. D-1 D-1 D-2 D-1 O Appl i cab1 e documents . 20 30 Si te survey engi neeri ng check1 i st. 40 Power system checklist 50 Energy conservation chec

48、klist for envi ronmental control. D-13 APPENDIX E DESIGN CONCEPT FOR AN ENERGY EFFICIENT FAC I L I TY SMALL E-1 11, Scope. . E-1 20 30 Applicable documents . Defi ni ti ons. . . E-1 . Design features. . Si te sel ecti on . Advantages . Theory of operation - winter Theory of operation - summer Limita

49、tions on using natural heating E -1 E-1 E-1 E-1 E-4 E-4 40 40.1 40.2 40.3 40.4 40.5 .e. . . . . and cooling APPEt4DIX F SUPPLEMENTAL BIBLIOGRAPHY x Copyright Communications - Electronics Command Provided by IHS under license with CRAI Not for Resale No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,-