ARMY MIL-HDBK-420-1987 SITE SURVEY HANDBOOK FOR COMMUNICATIONS FACILITIES《通信设施现场测量手册》.pdf

1、MIL-HDBK-420 SL = 7777770 0035024 5 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I .I MIL- H DBK-420 20 March 1987 MILITARY HANDBOOK SITE SURVEY HANDBOOK run . COM MUN ICATIONS FACI LITI ES AMSC N/A AREA SLHC /- -. THIS DOCUMENT CONTAINS PAGES. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A. Approved for public release; distributio

2、n Is unlimited. Copyright Communications - Electronics Command Provided by IHS under license with CRAINot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-HDBK-Lt20 SL m 7777970 0015025 7 m MIL-HDBK-420 DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE Washington, DC 20301 SITE SURVEY HANDBOOK

3、 FOR COMMUNICATIONS FACILITIES 1. This Military Handbook is approved for use by all departments and agencies of the Department of Defense. 2. Beneficial comments (recommendations, additions, deletions) and any pertinent data that may be of use in improving this document should be addressed to: Direc

4、tor, US. Army Information Systems Engineering and Integration Center, ATI“: ASBI-SST, Fort Huachuca, Arizona 85613-7300, by using the self-addressed Stan- dardization Document Improvement Proposal (DD Form 1426) appearingat the end of this document or by letter. ii I I I I I I I I I I I I I 1 I 1 I

5、I I Copyright Communications - Electronics Command Provided by IHS under license with CRAINot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-Page SCOPE 1 Content . 1 Purpose . 1 Application 1 Safety -1 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS Government documents . Specifications. standa

6、rds. and handbooks Other Government documents Other publications . Order of precedence Sourcesofdocuments Government specifications. stan2;rds. and handbooks Other Government documents Non-Government publications 3 3 3 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 DEFINITIONS . 7 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS General Site installation cate

7、gories . Composition of the survey team . Military department representatives Other representatives . Survey responsibilities Military department communications engineering agency Projectengineer . Surveyteam Operating command Major area command . Local logistics support command Survey team procedur

8、es . Preliminary activities . On-site activities Report preparation and processing . 9 9 9 9 9 9 10 10 10 10 10 11 11 11 11 12 13 DETAILED REQUIREMENTS . 15 General 15 Preliminary on-site survey . 15 Site-commondata 15 Facility identification . 15 Site identification number or name 15 Typeoffacility

9、 15 iii Copyright Communications - Electronics Command Provided by IHS under license with CRAINot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-HDBK-420 SL m 70 001,so27 o m MIL-HDBK-420 CONTENTS . Continued Paragraph 5.3,1,3 5.3.1.4 5,3.1.5 5.3.1.6 5.3.2 5.3.2.1

10、 5.3.2.2 5.3.2.3 53.3 5.3.4 5.3.5 5.3.6 5.3.7 5.3.8 5.3.8.1 5.3.8.2 5.3.8.3 5.3.8.4 5.3.8.5 5.3.8.6 5.3.9 5.3.10 5.3.11 5.3.11.1 5.3.11.2 5,3.11.3 5.3.11.4 5,3.11.5 5.3.12 5,3.13 5.3.14 5.3,15 5.4 5.4,l 5.4.1.1 5.4,l.lJ 5.4.1.1.2 5.4.1.1.3 5.4.1.1.4 5.4.1,1.5 5.4.1.1 -5.1 5.4,1.1.5.2 5.4.1.1.6 5.4.1

11、.1.7 5.3.8.7 Site location Geodeticposition Baselineazimuth Site elevation . Real estate . Availability Ownership . Site access . Soil and drainage Weather and seismic information Topography and terrain . Photographs and video recordings . Electromagnetic environment . Construction and facility-rela

12、ted information . Construction . Constructionperiod Local laws and customs . Personnel constraints . Local capabilities Land requirements . Building and environmental control requirements Grounding. bonding. and shielding of existing facilities Soilresistance . Utilities availability . Electric powe

13、r availability Commercial gas supply . Administrative telephone service . Administrative and logistical support Nuclear survivability . Electromagnetic compatibility Site-specific data Microwave radio communications stations . General requirements for microwave stations . Antennalayout . Panoramicpr

14、ofile Radio link horizon profile PathprofiIe Pathclearance Dataonobstructions . On-site calculations Topography Isolation requirements Watersupply Sewagedisposal Powerload Page 15 15 15 15 16 16 16 16 16 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 21 21 21 21 21

15、22 22 22 16. I U E 1 1 iv Copyright Communications - Electronics Command Provided by IHS under license with CRAINot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-i I 1 . I I% 1 1 1 1 I i II I I 1 1 I CI I Paragraph 5.4.1.1.8 5.4.1.1.9 5.4.1.1.10 5.4.1.1.11 5.4.1.2 5.

16、4.1.3 5.4.1.4 5.4.2 5.4.2.1 5.4.2.2 5.4.2.3 5.4.2.5 5.4.2.6 5.4.2.7 5.4.2.8 5.4.3 5.4.3.1 5.4.3.2 5.41.3.3 5.4.3.4 5.4.4 5.4.4.1 5.4.4.2 5,4.4.2.1 5.4.4.2.2 5.4.4.2.3 5.4.4.2.4 5.4.4.3 5.4.4.4 5.4.4.5 5.4s 5.4.5.1 5.4.5.2 5.4.5.3 5.4.5.4 5.4.5.5 5.4.5.6 5.4.5.7 5.4.6 5.4.6.1 5.4.6.2 5.4.7 5.4.7.1 5.

17、4.7.2 5.4.2.4. MIL-HDBK-420 CONTENTS . Continued Interconnecting communications Storage of petroleum. oil. and lubricants Line-of-sight stations . Tropospheric scatter stations . Satellite communications earth stations . High frequency transmitter stations Verticalantennas Horizontal antennas Antenn

18、a size. siting. and spacing Site isolation requirements . Horizonprofile Groundconductivity . Interconnecting communications Interference HF receiver stations Receivers collocated with transmitters Site isolation requirements . Radio interference . Tests and measurements . Interconnect communication

19、s facilities . Underground cable installation Buried multipair cable Towers Technicalguidance . Routeselection . Measurements Fieldnotes . Right-of-way . Aerial multipair cable . Fiber optic cable . Coaxialcable . Submarine cable terminals . Onshore communications interconnect . Cablelanding . Beach

20、profile . Landcableroute Offshore and land profiles . Landing site features . New terminal buildings . Fiber optic communications Switching centers System dedicated switches Nondedicated switching centers . Insideplant Outside plant . Y PagB 22 23 23 23 23 24 24 24 24 24 24 25 25 25 26 26 26 26 26 2

21、6 27 28 28 28 28 28 28 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 32 Copyright Communications - Electronics Command Provided by IHS under license with CRAINot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-Paragraph 5.4.8 5.5 5.5.1 . 5.5.2 5.5.3 5.5.4 5.5.5 5.

22、5.6 5.5.7 5.5.8 5.5.9 5.5.10 6. Figure 1. 2. Cal e-2 c.3 e-4 c.5 C.6 c-7 D-1 D-2 D.3 B-4 D-5 B-6 E- 1 Table I. II. III. B.I. GI. MIL-HDBK-Y20 SL 7979770 0035027 Y H MIL-HDBK-420 CONTENTS - Continued Localareanetworks , ,. ,., . Siteevaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

23、 . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General . Long-range system requirements . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . , , . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . Comniunications suitability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . * . Availability of land and facility . . .

24、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . Topographic and geophysical considerations . . . . , . . . , . . . . . , . , . . . . . . . . . . Electromagnetic and radio frequency interference . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . Easements or modifications to ad

25、jacent properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Economics Construction cost estimates , . . . . . . . , . . . . . , . . . , . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . Support and logistics . . . , , . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page 32 32 32 32 32. 32

26、32 32 32 33 33 33 KEY WORD LISTING . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . , . . . . . . . , . , , . . . . . . . , . . . . 35 FIGURES Page 17 29 45 45 46 47 49 49 50 56 57 58 59 61 62 Lightning activity map for CONUS . , , , , , . , , , , , . . , , , . . . , , . . . , . . . . . Profile plotting , , , . ,

27、, , , , , , , , . . . . . . , . . . , , , , , . . . . . . . . , , . . . . . . . . . Typical cernf-diode battery facility . . . . . . , , . . . , . . . . , . , , . . . , , . , , . . . . . . . . . Typical end-cell battery facility , . . . . . . . , , , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

28、 . Typical dc power room . . . , , , , , , . . . , . , , . . . . , , . , . . . . , . . . . , , . . . . . . . . . . . Typical dc power distribution system . , , . , . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . No-break power supply using a diesel engine . . . , . . . . . . , I . . . . .

29、. . . . . . . . Uninterruptible power supply with standby source , , , . . . . . , . , , . . . . . . . . . . . . Losses and gains in a tropospheric scatter circuit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nomogram for determining antenna gain and beamwidth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

30、. . . Basic propagation loss at 1.0 GHz , , , . . . , , , . , . , , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . Loss due to elevated horizon angles , . , . , . . . . . , , . , . . , , . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . Nomogram for determining aperture-to-medium coupling loss . . . . . . . . . . .

31、. . . . . Local area network topologies . . . . . . . . , , . . . , . . , . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . No-break power supply using batteries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Correction factors for basic propagation loss at frequencies other than 1.0 GH

32、z . . . . TABLES Page Isolation requirements for HF transmitters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ground conductivity for HF propagation . . , , , , , , , , , . . , . . , , . , . . , . . . . . o Isolation requirements for HF receivers . , . . . . . , . . . . . , . . . , . . .

33、. . . . , . . . . . . . Toilet facility requirements . , , , . . , . , , , . , . . . . . , . . . . . . . i . . . . . . . . . . Classes of electric power , , , , , , . , , , . , . , . , , . . , . , , , *. , , , , , . . . . . . . . . . . 25 25 27 41 51 vi Copyright Communications - Electronics Command

34、 Provided by IHS under license with CRAINot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-Appendix A . 10 . 20 . 30 . 40 . 50 . B . 10 . 20 . 20.1 20.2 20.3 30 . 30.1 30.2 30.3 40 . 50 . 50.1 50.2 50.3 60 . 60.1 60.2 60.3 60.4 70 . 70.1 70.2 80 . 80.1 80.2 90 . C . 1

35、0 . 10.1 20 . 20.1 20.2 20.3 20.4 20.5 MIL-HDBK-420 CONTENTS . Continued APPENDIXES SURVEY REPORT CHECKLIST Project description . Site information . Supporting structure information Drawingsandmaps Report processing FACILITIESCRITERIA Compatibility . Fire-resistive construction . Protected noncombus

36、tible construction . Permanency of construction . Permanent . Type of construction . Unprotected noncombustible construction . Fifteen-year life . Five-year life . Layout and space requirements . Fire protection Equipmentlayout Maintenance requirements . Headroom . Environmental requirements . Light

37、ing . Heating . Air-conditioning and ventilation . Structural requirements . Acoustical requirements . Toilet facilities Floor loading . Floortypes . Acoustical treatment . Acoustical materials Supporting structure requirements . POWER DISTRIBUTION AND LOAD REQUIREMENTS Power distribution . General

38、. Acpower Wiring Conduit andduct work Power panels . Grounding Engine-driven ac generators vii Page 37 37 37 37 38 38 39 39 39 39 39 39 39 39 39 39 39 39 39 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 41 42 42 42 42 43 43 43 44 44 44 44 44 44 Copyright Communications - Electronics Command Provided by IHS under licen

39、se with CRAINot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-HDBK-q20 SL W 9977970 OOL503L 2 a MIL-HDBK-420 CONTENTS . Continued Appendix Page 30 . 40 . 40.1 40.2 50 . 50.1 50.2 GO . 60.1 U0.2 U0.2.1 U0.2.2 U0.3 U0.4 GO.5 GO. U 60.7 D . 10 . 20 . 30 . 40 . 50 .

40、E. 10 . 20 . 20.1 20.2 20.3 30 . 30.1 30.2 40 . 40.1 40.2 40.3 De power generation and distribution . Voltage transient suppressors . 44 Comparison of suppressors . 48 Installation of voltage transient suppressors No-break and uninterruptible power supplies Mechanical stored-energy systems (no-break

41、 power supplies) . 48 Uninterruptible power supplies . 50 Power requirements 50 Power source classification 50 Electrical load type . 50 Nontechnical load . 50 Technical load 50 Determining the load at a telecommunications facility Load estimating . 52 Loadbalancing 52 Load startup (peak) requiremen

42、ts 44 48 48 . . 52 Powerfactor . 52 53 TROPOSPHERIC MICROWAVE RECEIVED SIGNAL LEVEL CALCULATION 55 Received signal level . 55 Total path gain 55 Propagation losses . 55 Predicted median received signal level Circuit feasibility 60 60 LOCAL AREA NETWORKS . 63 LAN topologies . 63 Communications modes

43、. 65 Transmission media 65 Twisted pair wiring . 65 Coaxial cable . 65 Fiber optic cable . 65 General . 63 BusLANs 63 RingLANs . 63 StarLANs . 63 Baseband 65 Broadband . 65 F . DATA COLLECTION WORKSHEETS . 67 Annex A . Site Survey Common Data . 67 Project Identification . 69 Real Estate Requirements

44、 . ; 73 SoilandDrainage 79 viii Copyright Communications - Electronics Command Provided by IHS under license with CRAINot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-HDBK-qZO SL = 999797OoO35032 q W r- I I 1 Appendix G. 1 MIL-HDBK-420 CONTENTS - Continued Page

45、Weather and Seismic Activity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . TopographyandTerrain . Photographs Facilities Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Grounding, Bonding, and Shielding . . . . . . .

46、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SoilResistance Utilities Availability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Existing or Proposed Power Loading Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Administrative and Logi

47、stical Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nuclear Survivability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Annex B Tropospheric Scatter - LOS - Satellite Stations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ann

48、ex C HF Transmitter - Receiver Stations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . e . . . . . . . . . . Annex D ICFCable Annex E Submarine Cable Terminals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Annex F Fiber Optic Communications . . . . . . . . . . .

49、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Annex G SwitchingCenters . Annex H Local Area Networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 85 87 89 95 101 103 109 115 125 135 143 149 155 157 159 163 ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . 167 ix/x Copyright Communications - Electronics Co