ARMY MIL-STD-376 A-1998 BALLISTIC PERFORMANCE RANKING OF CERAMIC ARMOR PLATES AGAINST HIGH DENSITY PENETRATORS《陶瓷装甲板对高密度穿入者的弹道性能矩阵》.pdf

1、MIL-STD-37 6A 21 August 1998 SUPERSEDING MIL-STD-37 6 28 June 1993 DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE TEST METHOD STANDARD BALLISTIC PERFORMANCE RANKING OF CERAMIC ARMOR PLATES AGAINST HIGH DENSITY PENETRATORS AMSC N/A FSC 9350 Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license

2、from IHS-,-,- MIL-STD-37bA = 33 0502573 T22 = MIL-STD-376A FOREWORD 1. This standard is approved for use by all Departments and Agencies of the Department of Defense. 2. Beneficial comments (recommendations, additions, deletions) and any pertinent data which may be of use in improving this document

3、should be addressed to: Director, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Weapons and Materials Research Directorate, ATTN: AMSRL-WM-M, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005-5069 by using the Standardization Document Improvement Proposal (DD Form 1426) appearing at the end of this document or by letter. ii Provi

4、ded by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-STD-376A CONTENTS PARAGRAPH FOREWORD . 1 . SCOPE . 1.1 Purpose . 1.3 Materials and test conditions 1.4 Limitations . 1.2 Application . 2 . APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS 2.1 General . 2.2 Government documents . 2.

5、2.1 Specifications. standards and handbooks . 2.3 Order of precedence . 3 . 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9 3.10 3.11 3.12 3.13 3.14 3.15 3.16 3.17 3.18 3.19 3.20 3.21 3.22 3.23 3.24 3.25 3.26 3.27 3.28 3.29 3.30 3.31 3.32 3.33 3.34 3.35 DEFINITIONS Applique armor Armor Armor system . Ballistic

6、acceptance test Ballistic screening test . Ballistic impact . Ballistic limit, protection criteria (VOBL(P) . Ballistic limit . Ballistic resistance . Break screens Cell size Ceramic armor Ceramic percentage Chronograph . Comminution . Composite armor . Confinement frame Depth of residual penetratio

7、n (DOP) . Fair test Integral armor Long rod penetrator . Lumiline screens . Muzzle velocity . Obliquity Obturator Overmatching . Penetration, complete (CP) Penetration, reference (Po) . Penetration, residual (Pr) Performance map, ballistic Propellant Pusher Rolled homogeneous armor (RHA) Sabot Areal

8、density PAGE . ii 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 4 iii O Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,- MIL-STD-37bA LL 0502573 8T5 PARAGRAPH 3.36 3.37 3.38 3.39 3.40 3.41 3.42 3.43 3.44 3.45 3.46 3.47 3.48 3.

9、49 4 . 4.1 4.1.1 4.1.2 4.1.3 4.1.4 4.2 4.3 4.3.1 4.3.1.1 4.3.1.2 4.3.2 4.4 4.4.1 4.4.2 4.4.3 5 . 5.1 5.2 5.2.1 5.2.2 5.2.3 5.2.4 5.2.5 5.3 5.4 5.4.1 5.4.1.1 5.4.1.2 5.4.1.3 5.4.1.4 5.4.2 5.4.3 5.5 MIL-STD-37 6A CONTENTS Semi-infinite Small arms Small arms ammunition Spaced armor . Spalling . Strikin

10、g velocity . . Target base line . Terminal ballistics . Test sample . Tungsten heavy alloy . Undermatch V50 ballistic limit . Witness plate Yaw . GENERAL REQUIREMENTS Target configuration and setup Ceramic tile and confinement frame Thickness of the ceramic plates . Backingplate Target fixturing . P

11、rojectile specifications Gun system and launch package Launch parameters Velocity measuring equipment . Chronograph . Test conditions . Launch system Propellant Detectors Flash radiography systems DETAILED REQUIREMENTS . Test conditions . Ballistic test procedure . Firing practices . Measurement of

12、residual penetration . Baseline penetrator calibration . Quantity of test specimens Correction for striking velocity variation Ballistic test report Ceramic performance evaluation Reference ceramics Aluminum oxide baseline . Boron carbide baseline Silicon carbide baseline . Titanium diboride baselin

13、e Performance ranking of tested materials . Applications to variant test configurations . Acceptance and rejection . PAGE 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 . 6 6 6 6 7 7 7 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 9 9 9 9 9 10 10 10 10 11 11 11 11 12 12 12 12 12 iv Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permi

14、tted without license from IHS-,-,-PARAGRAPH 5.6 5.7 5.8 6 . 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 FIGURE TABLE I MIL-STD-376A CONTENTS Test samples ownership Retests . Security classification of armor . NOTES . Intended use . IssueofDoDISS . Subject term (keyword) listing Changes from previous issue . Standard target con

15、figuration Standard target configuration General schematic Vernier measurements . Penetration depth in RHA steel as a function of projectile velocity for 91% W rod . Aluminum oxide reference map . Boron carbide reference map . Silicon carbide reference map Titanium diboride reference map . Expected

16、DOP values for titanium diboride for 30-180 kg/m2 areal densities . CONCLUDING MATERIAL PAGE . 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 14 15 15 16 16 17 18 V Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-STD-37bA rn 9999933 0502575 678 rn MIL-STD-37 6A 1. SCOP

17、E 1.1 Purpose. The purpose of this standard is to provide a general methodology for the test equipment, procedures, targets, and terminology needed to develop ballistic performance evaluation and ranking of advanced armor materials against high density eroding projectiles. 1.2 Application. This mili

18、tary standard is intended for use in performing ballistic tests on armor materials, selection of materials to employ in armor systems, and as a tool to promote research and development of new armor materials. The method and target assembly technique also provide a means to perform parametric analyse

19、s on the effects of material properties, and other factors such as tile size, confinement, and penetrator properties on ballistic performance. 1.3 Materials and test conditions. This ballistic test method is intended for application to armor ceramics and other low ductility materials, for projectile

20、s of heavy alloy, long rod type, and the armor materials to be used with a stiff backing structure. Applications of the test methodology to armor metallic materials are feasible in some instances, but fall outside the scope of this document. appropriately employed are: Examples of materials for whic

21、h this test may be a. Single-phase ceramics (such as Sic, TiB2) b. Multiple-phase ceramics (aluminas) c. Glasses d. Metal-infiltrated ceramic composites e. Low ductility metal matrix composites 1.4 Limitations. This standard has the following limitations: a. This standard does not take precedence ov

22、er nor supersede existing armor specification ballistic test procedures. b. Specific requirements for the ballistic testing of armor end items are not covered by this standard and must be specified in the appropriate detailed specifications, contracts, or event design plans prepared by the Armys ind

23、ependent evaluator (OPTEC/EAC). c. Military activities or DoD contractors may use in-house ballistic test facilities and equipment not covered by this standard (see MIL-STD-llGl(GL). 2. APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS 2.1 General. The documents listed in this section are specified in sections 3, 4, and 5 of th

24、is standard. This section does not include documents cited in other sections of this standard or recommended for additional information or as examples. While every effort has been made to ensure the completeness of this list, document users are cautioned that they must meet all specified requirement

25、s documents cited in sections 3, 4, and 5 of this standard, whether or not they are listed. 1 Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-STD-37bA = 9999911 O502576 504 MIL-STD-376A 2.2 Government documents. 2.2.1 Specifications, standards, a

26、nd handbooks. The following specifications, standards, and handbooks form a part of this document to the extent specified herein. Unless otherwise specified, the issues of these documents are those listed in the issue of the Department of Defense Index of Specifications and Standards (DoDISS) and su

27、pplement thereto, cited in the solicitation (see 6.2). SPECIFICATIONS DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE MIL-A-12560 - Armor Plate, Steel, Wrought, Homogeneous (For Use in Combat-Vehicles and for Ammunition Testing) (Unless otherwise indicated, copies of the above specifications, standards, and handbooks are ava

28、ilable from the Defense Automated Printing Service (DAPS), 700 Robbins Avenue, Building 4D, Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094.) 2.3 Order of precedence. In the event of a conflict between the text of this document and the references cited herein, the text of this document takes precedence. Nothing in this

29、 document, however, supersedes applicable laws and regulations unless a specific exemption has been obtained. 3. DEFINITIONS 3.1 Applique amor. Armor that can be easily installed or removed from a weapon system in kit form without adversely affecting its structural integrity or operation. 3.2 Areal

30、density. A measure of the weight of armor material per unit area, usually expressed in pounds per square foot (lb/ft2) or kilograms per square meter (kg/mZ) of surface area. 3.3 Armor. A shielding material provided for ballistic defeat of projectiles or fragments when inherent shielding is inadequat

31、e. 3.4 Armor system. A combination of various armor materials with properties and geometry chosen to defeat one or more specific threat projectiles . 3.5 Ballistic acceptance test. A test performed on lot representative samples to determine whether or not the lot of armor is ballistically acceptable

32、 for use in production armor items. 3.6 Ballistic screening test. A test performed to determine the performance level of an armor material relative to that of known standard materials. Employs a simplified configuration rather than a production armor design for the target. 3.7 Ballistic impact. Thos

33、e impacts due to hits on the target by projectiles, fragments or other aerodynamically-affected threat mechanisms. 2 Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-STD-37bA W LL 0502577 440 W MI L-S TD- 3 7 6A 3.8 Ballistic limit, protection cri

34、teria (VOBL (P) ) . The V50BL (P) may be defined as the average of an equal number of highest partial penetration velocities and the lowest complete penetration velocities which occur within a specified velocity spread. 0.020 in. (0.51 mm) thick 2024 T3 sheet of aluminum is placed 6 +. 1/2 in. (152

35、+. 12.7 mm) behind and parallel to the target to witness complete penetrations. velocities are used to complete the BL(P). Four, six, and ten-round ballistic limits are frequently used. the armor material and test conditions. Maximum velocity spans of 60, 90, 100 and 125 feet per second (ft/s) (18,

36、27, 30 and 38 m/s) are frequently used. The normal up-and-down firing procedure is used. A Normally, at least two partial and two complete penetration The maximum allowable velocity span is dependent on, 3.9 Ballistic limit. The minimum velocity at which a particular projectile is expected to consis

37、tently, completely penetrate armor of given thickness and physical properties at a specified angle of obliquity. also be defined as the maximum velocity at which a particular projectile is expected to consistently fail to penetrate armor of given thickness and physical properties at a specified angl

38、e of obliquity. tests and the impossibility of controlling striking velocity precisely, plus the existence of a zone of mixed results in which a projectile may completely penetrate or only partially penetrate under apparently identical conditions, statistical approaches are necessary, based upon lim

39、ited firings. Certain approaches lead to approximation of the V50 Point, that is, the velocity at which complete penetration and incomplete penetration are equally likely to occur. Other methods attempt to approximate the Vo Point, that is, the maximum velocity at which no complete penetration will

40、occur. Other methods attempt to approximate the Vio0 Point, that is, the minimum velocity at which all projectiles will completely penetrate. The ballistic limit may Because of the expense of firing 3.10 Ballistic resistance. A measure of the capability of a material or component to stop or reduce t

41、he impact velocity and mass of an impacting projectile or fragment. 3.11 Break screens. A screen with a conductive pattern printed on the surface which is broken (opened) by a projectile impacting the screen. Used to activate or deactivate a chronograph upon passage of a projectile. 3.12 Cell size.

42、The lateral dimensions of an armor tile used in an armor array. 3.13 Ceramic armor. Any ceramic material which is employed as a component of an armor array for protection against projectiles. sense, includes glasses as well as polycrystalline materials. In this 3.14 Ceramic percentage. The fraction

43、of ceramic present in an armor system as determined from dividing the areal density of its ceramic components by the total areal density of the system. 3.15 Chronograph. An electronic instrument used to determine the time interval of projectile flight between two fixed measuring stations. 3.16 Commi

44、nution. Fracture or fragmentation of ceramic material into fine particulates as a result of projectile impact. 3.17 Composite armor. An armor system consisting of two or more different armor materials bonded together to form a protective unit, G 3 Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or netw

45、orking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-STD-37bA 99999LL 0502578 387 MIL-STD-376A 3.18 Confinement frame. A steel frame or other structural support surrounding a ceramic tile which serves to retain it in place after it is damaged by impact of a projectile. 3.19 Depth of residual penetratio

46、n (DOP). In the context of this test standard, the length or depth of the penetration cavity of the projectile in the steel backing plate after passing through the ceramic. 3.20 Fair test. In the context of this standard, a test shot should be considered fair when a test projectile having total yaw

47、under 3 degrees strikes the target within a radius equal to two penetrator diameters of the exact tile center. 3.21 Integral armor. Armor material used as part of a structure to perform a load-carrying or other operational function, in addition to ballistic protection. Also known as structural armor

48、. 3.22 Long rod penetrator. Any projectile having a length to diameter (aspect) ratio greater than five. 3.23 Lumiline screens. Photoelectric device used to activate or deactivate a chronograph upon passage of a projectile. 3.24 Muzzle velocity. The velocity of the projectile with respect to the muz

49、zle at the instant the projectile leaves the weapon. This velocity is a function of projectile weight, firing charge of the projectile, and barrel characteristics. 3.25 Obliquity. A measure, normally in degrees, of the extent to which the impact of a projectile on an armor material deviates from a line normal to the target. Thus, a projectile fired perpendicular to the amor surface has O degrees obliquit