ARMY UFGS-31 32 39-2008 BIOENGINEERING PRACTICES FOR STREAM BANK AND SHORELINE STABILIZATION《河岸和海岸稳定用生物工程措施》.pdf

1、*USACE / NAVFAC / AFCESA / NASA UFGS-31 32 39 (August 2008)-Preparing Activity: USACE (CW) SupersedingUFGS-31 32 39 (April 2006)UNIFIED FACILITIES GUIDE SPECIFICATIONSReferences are in agreement with UMRL dated July 2008*SECTION TABLE OF CONTENTSDIVISION 31 - EARTHWORKSECTION 31 32 39BIOENGINEERING

2、PRACTICES FOR STREAM BANK AND SHORELINE STABILIZATION08/08PART 1 GENERAL1.1 MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT1.1.1 Binder1.1.2 Live or Dead Cuttings1.1.3 Materials1.2 REFERENCES1.3 SYSTEM DESCRIPTION1.3.1 General Requirements1.3.2 Material Testing1.4 SUBMITTALS1.5 QUALITY ASSURANCE1.5.1 Regulatory Compliance1

3、.5.2 Pre-Installation Conference1.5.3 Substitutions1.5.4 Qualifications1.5.4.1 Installers Qualification1.5.4.2 Personnel Qualifications1.6 DELIVERY, STORAGE, AND HANDLING1.7 PROJECT/SITE CONDITIONS1.7.1 Environmental Requirements1.7.2 Existing Site Conditions1.7.3 Site Evaluation Plan1.8 SEQUENCING

4、AND SCHEDULING1.9 WARRANTY1.10 MAINTENANCE1.10.1 General1.10.2 Maintenance InstructionsPART 2 PRODUCTS2.1 BINDERS2.2 EROSION CONTROL ITEMS2.3 SEED2.4 PERMANENT VEGETATION SPECIES AND MIXTURES2.5 STAKESSECTION 31 32 39 Page 1Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without

5、 license from IHS-,-,-2.6 STAPLES2.7 SYNTHETIC GRID AND SHEET SYSTEMS2.8 CRUSHED ROCK, GRAVEL, SAND, STONE, RIPRAP, and BACKFILL2.9 WATER2.10 FENCING2.11 IRRIGATION2.12 FERTILIZER, PESTICIDE, HERBICIDEPART 3 EXECUTION3.1 SITE VERIFICATION OF CONDITIONS3.2 SITE PREPARATION3.2.1 Temporary Construction

6、 Facilities3.2.2 Clearing and Grubbing3.2.3 Erosion and Sediment Control3.2.4 Earthwork3.2.4.1 Trenches3.2.4.2 Finished Grade3.2.4.3 Surface Roughening3.3 FIRE PREVENTION3.4 SANITATION3.5 HARVESTING OF VEGETATION3.5.1 Harvesting of Woody Plants3.5.2 Harvesting of Herbaceous Plants3.5.3 Harvesting of

7、 Reeds or Clump Plantings3.5.4 Sealing of Harvest Cuts3.5.5 Harvest Site Restoration3.5.6 Disposal of Excess Vegetation3.6 TIME OF PLANTING3.7 TRANSPORTATION OF HARVESTED VEGETATION3.8 SOAKING AND PAINTING OF LIVE WOODY VEGETATION3.8.1 Mixing of Live Vegetation3.8.2 Painting of Stakes and Poles3.8.3

8、 Harvesting and soaking records3.9 STAGING AREA3.10 SITE DRAINAGE3.11 DEWATERING3.12 BIOENGINEERED STRUCTURES3.12.1 Common Structures3.12.1.1 Permanent Seeding3.12.1.2 Live Staking3.12.1.3 Joint Planting3.12.1.4 Pole Planting3.12.1.5 Live Fascine3.12.1.6 Siltation structures3.12.1.7 Brush Mat3.12.1.

9、8 Clump Planting3.12.2 Transverse Structures3.12.2.1 Palisade3.12.2.2 Brush and Stone Sill3.12.2.3 Wattle fence sill3.12.2.4 Vegetated Crib Wall or Wood sill3.12.2.5 Vegetated Dry Stone Barriers3.12.2.6 Brush Work or Brush Packing3.12.2.7 Live Fascine Sill3.12.2.8 Vegetated Deflector3.12.2.9 Live Br

10、ush Sill3.12.2.10 Brush Transverse3.12.2.11 Brush GridSECTION 31 32 39 Page 2Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-3.12.3 Longitudinal structures3.12.3.1 Single Clump Reed Planting3.12.3.2 Live stone revetment3.12.3.3 Brush Layered Revetmen

11、t3.12.3.4 Longitudinal live fascine3.12.3.5 Longitudinal brush packing3.12.3.6 Live Crib Wall3.13 IRRIGATION3.14 FERTILIZER, PESTICIDE, HERBICIDE3.15 FIELD QUALITY CONTROL3.16 CLEAN-UP3.17 PROTECTION3.18 DOCUMENTATION3.18.1 Maintenance Records3.18.2 Final Project Report- End of Section Table of Cont

12、ents -SECTION 31 32 39 Page 3Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-*USACE / NAVFAC / AFCESA / NASA UFGS-31 32 39 (August 2008)-Preparing Activity: USACE (CW) SupersedingUFGS-31 32 39 (April 2006)UNIFIED FACILITIES GUIDE SPECIFICATIONSRefere

13、nces are in agreement with UMRL dated July 2008*SECTION 31 32 39BIOENGINEERING PRACTICES FOR STREAM BANK AND SHORELINE STABILIZATION08/08*NOTE: This guide specification covers the requirements for bioengineering practices for stream bank and shoreline stabilization.Edit this guide specification for

14、project specific requirements by adding, deleting, or revising text. For bracketed items, choose applicable items(s) or insert appropriate information.Remove information and requirements not required in respective project, whether or not brackets are present.Comments and suggestions on this guide sp

15、ecification are welcome and should be directed to the technical proponent of the specification. A listing of technical proponents, including their organization designation and telephone number, is on the Internet.Recommended changes to a UFGS should be submitted as a Criteria Change Request (CCR).*P

16、ART 1 GENERAL*NOTE: This guide specification covers bioengineering practices as related to stabilizing stream banks and shorelines using natural vegetation by itself or in conjunction with stone, rock, dead vegetation structures, or organic erosion control matting. The methods may also be applied to

17、 small tributaries, gullies, canals, and drainage channels. The use of the term bioengineering refers to soil bioengineering in this specification. Soil bioengineering is a method of stabilizing soils using living and dead plant material and biodegradable manufactured products. Bioengineered structu

18、res should not at anytime be constructed on embankments, levees, or flood control structures SECTION 31 32 39 Page 4Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-where there is a risk of failure of the project from a single event or a storm with a

19、recurrence interval of 10 years.This specification focuses only on stream banks and shorelines at or near the edge of water. This specification is not for coastal protection. This specification does not include requirements for hard or dead vegetation structures that are for erosion control or habit

20、at restoration. This specification does not include the use of geosynthetic materials, metal, or requirements for traditional stone or rock hardened structures for bank protection. The designer should be cognizant that the structures described in this specification often must be augmented with the e

21、stablishment or enhancement of vegetative zones on the landward portions of the banks or shores. Refer to TR-EL-97-8 Bioengineering for Stream Bank Erosion Control Report 1 Guidelines for guidance.The designer should use caution in the selection of bioengineering methods for bank stabilization. Many

22、 bioengineering methods provide improved erosion resistance to stream banks or shorelines. However, bioengineering methods are not designed to repair inherently unstable stream banks or shorelines, which require engineering design, soil improvement, or extensive soil removal prior to vegetation effo

23、rts. Bioengineering methods will not prevent bank failures due to poor soil conditions, over steepened or undercut slopes, rapid draw down or drop of water levels, or where flow velocities exceed bioengineering established tolerances. Improved stability due to the development of root mats in the soi

24、l may take two or more years to be realized. Therefore, the desired bioengineering methods or bioengineered structures must be selected based on-site specific conditions, realistic expectations of performance, and consultation with soil, hydraulic, and structural engineers and environmental resource

25、 personnel.The designer should compare bioengineered structures to more traditional stabilization methods, such as stone revetments or concrete channel lining, in terms of cost and performance before final selection of stabilization methods. Traditional stabilization methods may be better suited and

26、 more economical and provide greater protection at lower costs than bioengineered structures. The designer should review case histories on the performance and maintenance of existing bioengineered structures during selection and design. It is important to anticipate possible future failures of banks

27、 due to toppling of large mature vegetation, changes in vegetation species, and impact on the structure and vegetation by animal and human activities. Hard structures may be preferred at locations where the SECTION 31 32 39 Page 5Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted w

28、ithout license from IHS-,-,-risk of loss of life or property is apparent or where rapid changes in land use may pose such a risk in the future.This specification is applicable to semiarid and temperate regions. The construction of bioengineered structures in arid regions requires special attention t

29、o the selection of appropriate plant species, water supply, irrigation, and maintenance for successful completion and performance. Other bank protection alternatives may be more cost effective than bioengineered structures in arid regions.The construction of bioengineered structures in cold climates

30、 requires additional design efforts to reduce or prevent damage. Structures may be damaged by the impact of ice flows or ice blocks in the stream or river. The development of ice at the stream bank that incorporates the vegetation of the structure may result in vegetation loss or increased forces on

31、 the structure. Consult with a hydraulic engineer on methods to minimize damage to the structure. The percent of damage and mortality to vegetation may be higher due to frost or severe cold. Free draining soils should be used to reduce the amount of frost heave on structural components. Structures m

32、ay not be suitable in climates with deep frost depths where surficial soil may be subject to flow when disturbed during the spring thaw. Bioengineering methods may not be suitable in cold regions where plant development and growth are stunned due to the climate and where root development, which is r

33、equired for performance of the structure, may require more than 2 years. Consult with regional experts when planning bioengineered structures in these regions.Planning of the bioengineered structure requires a multidisciplinary team approach. The designer should consult at a minimum with personnel i

34、n soil mechanics, structural design, hydraulic engineering, biological sciences, botany, regulatory, cost estimating, contracting, and construction during the initial development of conceptual designs, comparison of alternatives, and throughout project execution as required. Clear objectives for the

35、 selection, performance, and risk of the structure must be developed early in the planning phase. Sponsors and the public must be advised about the cost, performance, safety, benefits, and risks of the selected structure during the early stages of design. The designer should be aware of the need for

36、 construction oversight during installation to ensure quality.The designer should include the long-term costs of maintenance in cost estimates and the amount of maintenance required for adequate and safe SECTION 31 32 39 Page 6Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted with

37、out license from IHS-,-,-performance of the structure. Monitoring or after care of the structure may be necessary for 2 to 10 years after the structure is completed to ensure the vegetation becomes established and the structure is meeting performance requirements. The impact of changes to site condi

38、tions should be evaluated during planning for safety and maintenance requirements. The effect of loss, damage, and change of vegetation species on structure performance should be discussed. The effect of disease, fire, harvesting, or removal related to plants in the structure and impact on performan

39、ce must be elevated. Requirements for vegetation replenishment, pruning, selective cutting, and replacement should be included in maintenance planning. Repair to the soil, backfill, or hard materials in the structure must be addresses. The accretion of sediment on stream banks due to the trapping of

40、 sediment by vegetation should be evaluated for loss of stream conveyance and decreased slope stability due to the increased weight of accreted sediment. Damage due to wave action from storms, navigation, or boats should be determined.Clear acceptance criteria should be defined for the project as we

41、ll as warranty requirements. Acceptance and warranty requirements may be more stringent and require longer periods of time than traditional bank stabilization projects due to the need for vegetation to become established.The following stream flow velocities are recommended for maximum limits on the

42、selected methods of stream bank or channel stabilization.Vegetative protection 8 feet per second (fps) Structural and bioengineering Woody material, 8 fpsWoody material and herbaceous species, 5 fpsHerbaceous alone, 3 fps(USDA TN Plant Materials No 23, Technical Notes, September 1993)Flow velocities

43、 greater than 8 fps may require reinforced matting or hard structures.Bioengineering methods require construction techniques and materials, which are described by other existing specifications. The following specifications should be included with this specification in the bid package depending on si

44、te conditions and design objectives.Minor clearing and grubbing of vegetation is provided in this specification with an emphasis on salvaging cleared or grubbed material for the construction of the bioengineered structure. For extensive clearing and grubbing of vegetation for site construction or ac

45、cess, refer to Section SECTION 31 32 39 Page 7Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-31 11 00 CLEARING AND GRUBBING.Minor earthworks may be required for the construction of the bioengineered structure. In addition, select fill or backfill ma

46、terials may be needed. This specification only includes the requirements for the minimal earthworks necessary for key trench installation and surface roughening. For slope reduction, benching, and material specification, refer to Section 31 00 00 EARTHWORK.The construction of bioengineered structures often results in the exposure of soils that require protection from erosion. This specification mentions the need for erosion control products but does not provide the specifications or installation methods for these products. For the requirements for soil erosion structures, products