ARMY ZZ-T-381 Q-1989 TIRES PNEUMATIC VEHICULAR (HIGHWAY)《汽车用充气轮胎(高速公路型)》.pdf

1、ZZ-T-381QAugust 1, 1989SUPERSEDINGZZ-T-381PAugust 1, 1983FEDERAL SPECIFICATIONTIRES, PNEUMATIC, VEHICULAR (HIGHWAY)This Federal Specification is approved by the Commissioner, Federal Supply Service, GeneralServices Administration, for the use of all Federal Agencies.1. SCOPE AND CLASSIFICATION1.1 SC

2、OPE . This specification covers pneumatic tires, new and retreaded, both tube type andtubeless, for use on conventional passenger cars, station wagons, pursuit and emergency highspeed and pursuit passenger vehicles, trucks, trailers, buses, and similar vehicles normallyoperated on public roads and h

3、ighways.1.2 CLASSIFICATION .1.2.1 STYLES, GROUPS, TYPES AND CLASSES . Tires shall be of the following styles,groups, types, and classes.Style X - NewStyle Y - RetreadedGroup 1 - Passenger carGroup 2 - Light TruckGroup 3 - Truck-busType BA - Bias, tubelessType RA - Radial, tubelessType BB - Bias, tub

4、e-type (not applicable to Group 1)Type RB - Radial, tube-type (not applicable to Group 1)Class r/t - regular treadClass a/s - all season treadClass s/t - snow treadClass a/t - all terrain tread (not applicable to Group 1)Class o/o - on/off road tread (not applicable to Group 1)Class d/a - drive axle

5、 tread (no t applicable to Group 1)Class t/o - trailer only (not applicable to Groups 1 and 2)FSC 2610Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ZZ-T-381Q21.2.2 SIZE AND LOAD DESIGNATION . Tires shall be of the sizes and load designations listed

6、in “The Tire and Rim Association, Inc. Yearbook” or “The European Tyre and Rim TechnicalOrganisation Yearbook”.2. APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS2.1 The following documents, of the issues in effect on date of invitation for bids or request forproposal, form a part of this specification to extent specified here

7、in.FEDERAL SPECIFICATIONS :ZZ-I-550: Inner tube, pneumatic tire.ZZ-T-441: Tire, Pneumatic: Retreaded and RepairedFEDERAL QUALIFIED PRODUCTS LIST :QPL-ZZ-T-381: Tires, pneumatic, vehicular (highway).FEDERAL STANDARDS :FED. STD. NO. 123: Marking for domestic shipment (civil agencies).49 CFR, FED. MOTO

8、R VEHICLE SAFETY STD. AND REGULATIONS, SUPPLIMENT 11,dated 1984, Section 575.104: Uniform Tire Quality Grading Standards, Appendix C.49 CFR 571, FED. MOTOR VEHICLE STD. 109, 110, 119, and 120.49 CFR 574 - Tire Identification and Recordkeeping Regulation.(Activities outside the Federal Government may

9、 obtain copies of Federal specifications,standards, and commercial item descriptions as outlined under General Information in the Index ofFederal Specifications, Standards and Commercial Item Descriptions. The Index, which includescumulative bimonthly supplements as issued, is for sale on a subscrip

10、tion basis by theSuperintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402.(Single copies of this specification, and other Federal specifications and commercial itemdescriptions required by activities outside the Federal Government for bidding purposes areavailable without c

11、harge from General Services Administration Business Service Centers inBoston, MA; New York, NY; Philadelphia, PA; Washington, DC; Atlanta, GA; Chicago, IL;Kansas City, MO; Fort Worth, TX; Houston, TX; Denver, CO; San Francisco, CA; Los Angeles,CA; Seattle, WA.Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduc

12、tion or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ZZ-T-381Q3(Federal Government activities may obtain copies of F ederal standardization documentsand the Index of Federal Specifications, Standards and Commercial Item Descriptions fromestablished distribution points in their agencies.)MILITAR

13、Y SPECIFICATIONS:MIL-T-4: Tire, Pneumatic, and Inner Tube, Pneumatic Tire: Tire With Flap; Packaging andPacking Of.MILITARY STANDARDS :MIL-STD-105: Sampling procedures and tables for inspection by attributes.MIL-STD-129: Marking for shipment and storage (non-aircraft).MIL-STD-1224: Visual Inspection

14、 Guide for Pneumati c Tires (non-aircraft)MIL-STD-45662: Calibration Systems Requirements.(Copies of Military specifications and standards required by contractors in connection withspecific acquisition functions should be obtained from the contracting activity or as directed bythe contracting office

15、r.)DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION :49 CFR 571 - Motor vehicle safety standard Nos. 109, 110, 117, 119, and 120.49 CFR 574 - Tire identification and recordkeeping regulation.(The Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) and the Federal Register (FR) are for sale on asubscription basis by the Superintendent of

16、 Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office,Washington, DC 20402. When indicated, reprints of certain regulations may be obtained fromthe Federal agency responsible for issuance thereof.)2.2 OTHER PUBLICATIONS . The following documents form a part of this specification to theextent specified herein.

17、 Unless a specific issue is identified, the issue in effect on date of invitationfor bids or request for proposal shall apply.THE TIRE AND RIM ASSOCIATION, INC. YEARBOOK : (Copies may be obtained from theTire and Rim Association, Inc., Crown Pointe, Suite 150, 175 Montrose W. Ave., Copely, OH 44321)

18、Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ZZ-T-381Q4THE EUROPEAN TYRE AND RIM TECHNICAL ORGANISATION YEARBOOK : (Copiesmay be obtained from the European Tyre (80 +/- 0.5 milesfor Group 2 and 40 +/- .5 miles for Group 3 of gravel road operation

19、for every 800 mile period). At least 85 percent of the gravel road testing shall be conducted at 30 miles per hour (MPH) tothe maximum extent possible. The remaining 18,000 miles for Group 2 and 19,000 miles forGroup 3 (+/- 20 miles) of the test shall be conducted on paved highways or paved surfaces

20、 free ofice and snow. At least 85 percent of the paved surface test shall be conducted at no less than 50miles per hour (MPH) and no more than 65 MPH. Vehicles shall be operated over the same routeat the same speed, to the maximum extent possible. In no event shall test vehicles exceed themaximum pr

21、escribed, posted, or otherwise regulated speed limit for the public way upon whichthe test is being conducted. Rotation procedure shall be the same as described in paragraph4.3.2.3.2.Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ZZ-T-381Q174.3.2.5

22、QUALIFICATION EVALUATION METHOD .4.3.2.5.1 TREAD MEASUREMENT . A computation shall be made and recorded of the treadloss (percent skid depth loss) of the tires submitted for qualification testing. The tread loss shallbe determined from skid depth measurements to the nearest 0.001 inch taken in eight

23、 (8) locationsin each groove with all grooves measured at the same lateral point across the tire tread as locatedby a mark on the sidewall. This result shall then be averaged. Measurements shall be made atthese same 8 locations throughout the duration of the test. Measurements shall be taken every3,

24、200 miles and shall begin following the 800 mile break in period. Measurements shall not bemade on the treadwear indicators. A minimum of four (4) grooves shall be used (one in eachshoulder and two in the crown) to evaluate the tread loss. If a test tire does not have at leastthree major grooves wit

25、h one of these grooves within 1/2 inch of the centerline or at least fourmajor grooves with two of these grooves located so that their outermost point is within tenpercent of the S.70 of the centerline, the manufacturer shall mold or cut eight measuring voids inthe area not meeting the above require

26、ment. The eight measuring voids shall have a minimumdepth of that of the deepest groove on the particular tire. The eight measuring voids shall beequally spaced around the circumference of the tire. Each measuring void may be placed oneither side of the centerline of the tire. The molded or cut-in m

27、easuring voids shall be crescentshaped. Stud hole type voids are not acceptable. Minor cracking or cutting associated with thesevoids shall not result in a test failure.NOTE: Measuring voids are only required for the tires submitted for testing and shall not bepresent on tires supplied under contrac

28、ts.NOTE: No test tire sample shall contain flash or extra rubber within the grooves that shallprohibit the measuring of the true tread depth by the measuring probe.4.3.2.5.2 PROJECTED MILEAGE .The projected milage of the test tires shall be determined by:1. Apply the method of least squares, as desc

29、ribed in the Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standardsand Regulations, Supplement 11, dated 1984, Section 575.105: Uniform Tire Quality GradingStandards, Appendix C, using the average tread depth measurements described in 4.3.2.5.1 andthe corresponding milages as data points, to determine the estimated

30、 regression line of Y on X.Y = a + bx1000Y = average tread depth in milsa = y intercept of regression line (reference tread depth) in mils, calculated using the method ofleast squaresProvided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ZZ-T-381Q18b = the

31、slope of the regression line in mils of tread depth per 1,0000 miles, calculated using themethod of least squares. This slope will be negative in value. The tires wear rate is definedas the absolute value of the slope of the regression line.x = test miles2. Determine the projected milage using the f

32、ollowing formula:Projected Milage = 1000 (a-62)ba = y intercept of regression line (reference tread depth)4.3.3.5.3 QUALIFIED TIRES . All tires tested with projected milage equal to or higher than thatof the projected milage of the established control tire shall be considered qualified for listing o

33、nQPL ZZ-T-381, issue in effect. All tires tested with projected milage lower than 95 percent of theestablished control tire shall be considered not qualified.4.3.4 PURSUIT AND EMERGENCY HIGH SPEED TIRE QUALIFICATION METHOD,STYLE X ONLY .Tires for this category shall not be road tested. All pursuit a

34、nd emergency high speed tires shallbe laboratory tested in accordance with 4.3.1. and Economic Commission for Europe (ECE)Regulation 30 test procedures or Society of Automotive Engineers J1561. Tires for this categoryshall be certified by the manufacturer as being T category (118mph), U category (12

35、4mph),H category (130mph), or V category (149mph) speed rated tires. Tires for this category shall betested at a U.S. Government approved test facility properly equipped and staffed to performtesting under one or both of the test methods cited above. The tire manufacturer shall supply tothe Governme

36、nt the test results, by tire model and size, and certification that the particular tiremodel and size successfully met the requirements of the subject tests.Only those tires meeting the above requirements shall be qualified for listing on the qualifiedproducts list.4.4 EXAMINATION OF PREPARATION FOR

37、 DELIVERY REQUIREMENTS . Packaging,Packing, and Marking Requirements shall be examined for conformance with Section 5. Samplingshall be in accordance with MIL-STD-105, inspection Level 4. The AQL shall be 4.0 percentdefective. Any deviation from the specified preparation for delivery requirements sh

38、all beconsidered a defect.Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ZZ-T-381Q195. PREPARATION FOR DELIVERY.5.1 PACKAGING . Packaging shall be Level A, B, or C of MIL-T-4J as specified (see 6.2)5.2 PACKING . Packing shall be in accordance with M

39、IL-T-4J.5.3 MARKING . In addition to the marking requirements of the contract or order. The tires andshipping containers shall be marked in accordance with Federal Standard No. 123 for CivilAgencies, and MIL-STD-129 for Military Agencies.6. NOTES.6.1 INTENDED USE . Tires covered by this specificatio

40、n are intended primarily for use onpassenger cars, pursuit and emergency passenger vehicles, station wagons, light, medium, andheavy trucks, buses, recreational, heavy load carrying and all types of vehicle trailers, and specialpurpose vehicles used by the Government.6.2 ORDERING DATA . Purchasers s

41、hould select the preferred options permitted herein andinclude the following information in procurement documents:(a) Title, number, and date of this specification(b) Style, Group, Type, Class, size, and load designation s (see 1.2.1 and 1.2.2)(c) Speed Rating (if high speed pursuit type tire)(d) In

42、spection and Testing Responsibility (4.1)(e) Selection of Applicable Level of Packaging and Packing required (see 5.1 and 5.2).6.5 DEFINITIONS .6.5.1 ALIGNMENT. Adjustment of various parts of the vehicles suspension system to ensureproper handling stability and to minimize abnormal tire treadwear.6.

43、5.2 BIAS PLY TIRE . A bias ply tire is a pneumatic tire in which the ply cords that extend tothe beads are laid at alternate angles substantially less than 90 to the centerline of the tread.6.5.3 CLASS R/T: Regular tread highway tires, general purpose, all wheel position, rib pattern,for use on high

44、ways. This pattern is ideally suited for year-round use in southern U.S. and forspring, summer, and fall in northern U.S. This tread pattern also provides adequate traction inmild winter conditions.6.5.4 CLASS A/S: All season tires are equipped with treads initially designed for use all yearround, o

45、n all wheel positions of a vehicle, on improved highway surfaces (turnpike or citydriving). This tread pattern provides adequate traction in mild snow conditions.Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ZZ-T-381Q206.5.5 CLASS S/T: Snow tires a

46、re equipped with block/lug type treads initially designed forservice over improved snow covered highways.6.5.6 CLASS A/T: The all terrain tread pattern is an aggressive lug pattern for use on vehicleswhere a substantial portion of the driving will be off-road on trails and cross country type terrain

47、.It provides good off-road performance with respect to mud, sand and snow traction.6.5.7 CLASS O/O: The on/off road tread pattern provides traction for vehicles used extensivelyon dirt and gravel roads. The pattern is designed so that it will not retain rocks and other debrisin the grooves. The patt

48、ern is offered for both steering and drive axles. The pattern providesgood traction in mud and snow conditions encountered on secondary roads.6.5.8 CLASS D/A: Tread design for year-round use on medium/heavy trucks/buses usedprimarily on the highway. This tread pattern provides higher mileage and bet

49、ter driving tractionthan regular tread tires but may offer less traction than snow tires in snow conditions.6.5.9 CLASS T/O: Tires and tread patterns designed for use on trailers only.6.5.10 LOAD IDENTIFICATION . Load Range (A, B, C, etc.) identifies a given size tire withits load and inflation limits. Standard load and extra load are used to identify a given sizeP-metric tire with i