ARP 41-2008 Packaging - Recommendations for addressing consumer needs《包装 对解决用户需求方面的建议》.pdf

1、 Collection of SANS standards in electronic format (PDF) 1. Copyright This standard is available to staff members of companies that have subscribed to the complete collection of SANS standards in accordance with a formal copyright agreement. This document may reside on a CENTRAL FILE SERVER or INTRA

2、NET SYSTEM only. Unless specific permission has been granted, this document MAY NOT be sent or given to staff members from other companies or organizations. Doing so would constitute a VIOLATION of SABS copyright rules. 2. Indemnity The South African Bureau of Standards accepts no liability for any

3、damage whatsoever than may result from the use of this material or the information contain therein, irrespective of the cause and quantum thereof. ISBN 978-626-21772-3 ARP 41:2008 Edition 1 ISO/IEC Guide 41:2003 Edition 1SABS STANDARDS DIVISION Recommended practice Packaging Recommendations for addr

4、essing consumer needs This recommended practice is the identical implementation of ISO/IEC Guide 41:2003 and is adopted with the permission of the International Organization for Standardization. This document does not have the status of a South African National Standard. Published by SABS Standards

5、Division 1 Dr Lategan Road Groenkloof Private Bag x191 Pretoria 0001 Tel: +27 12 428 7911 fax: +27 12 344 1568 www.sabs.co.za SABS This standard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS.ARP 41:2008 Edition 1 ISO/IEC Guide 41:2003 Edition 1 Table of ch

6、anges Change No. Date Scope National foreword This recommended practice was approved by National Committee SABS TC 185, Consumer Policy Committee (COPOLCO), in accordance with procedures of the SABS Standards Division, in compliance with annex 3 of the WTO/TBT agreement. This document was published

7、in August 2008. This standard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS. PROOF/PREUVEFirst edition 2003 ISO/IEC 2003 GUIDE 41 Packaging Recommendations for addressing consumer needs ARP 41:2008This standard may only be used and printed by approved subs

8、cription and freemailing clients of the SABS.ISO/IEC GUIDE 41:2003(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobes licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and instal

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11、ease inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below. ISO/IEC 2003 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in w

12、riting from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii PROOF/PREUVE ISO/IEC 2003 All right

13、s reservedARP 41:2008This standard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS.ISO/IEC GUIDE 41:2003(E) ISO/IEC 2003 All rights reserved PROOF/PREUVE iiiContents Page Foreword iv Introduction v 1 Scope 1 2 Human and environmental safety of packaging mate

14、rial . 1 2.1 In storage . 1 2.2 In use 2 2.3 Disposal . 2 3 Suitability for intended purpose 3 3.1 Protection. 3 3.2 Safe opening 3 3.3 Handling. 3 3.4 Sizing 3 4 Conservation of resources and economy 4 4.1 General considerations 4 4.2 Conservation of resources. 4 4.3 Economy 4 Bibliography . 5 ARP

15、41:2008This standard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS.ISO/IEC GUIDE 41:2003(E) iv PROOF/PREUVE ISO/IEC 2003 All rights reservedForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical Commis

16、sion) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are members of ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical committees established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical activity. ISO

17、and IEC technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the work. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part

18、 2. Draft Guides adopted by the responsible Committee or Group are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as a Guide requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the su

19、bject of patent rights. ISO and IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO/IEC Guide 41 was prepared by the ISO Committee on consumer policy (COPOLCO). This first edition of ISO/IEC Guide 41 cancels and replaces ISO Guide 41:1984 which has been technically r

20、evised. ARP 41:2008This standard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS.ISO/IEC GUIDE 41:2003(E) ISO/IEC 2003 All rights reserved PROOF/PREUVE vIntroduction Packaging of products is of consumer interest, the cost of which is borne indirectly by the

21、consumer. Standardization of aspects of packaging should therefore address such factors as safety, healthiness for the intended purpose, comfort and reliability, as well as such general needs as protection of the environment and energy conservation. The primary purpose of this document is to provide

22、 guidance to: those drafting standards to meet the packaging needs and requirements of consumers as prospective purchasers of goods or services; committees preparing standards for consumer products or services; product designers, manufacturers, and others engaged in the work of making decisions conc

23、erning packaging; enforcement organizations. A supplier of high quality packaging can benefit from an enhanced reputation. Cost savings in time and money may also be achieved by reduced levels of enquiries and complaints. ARP 41:2008This standard may only be used and printed by approved subscription

24、 and freemailing clients of the SABS.ARP 41:2008This standard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS.ISO/IEC GUIDE 41:2003(E) ISO/IEC 2003 All rights reserved PROOF/PREUVE 1Packaging Recommendations for addressing consumer needs 1 Scope This Guide g

25、ives the general recommendations to be taken into consideration when determining the most suitable type of packaging to be used at the point of sale to protect goods. It is not applicable to packaging solely intended to protect goods in bulk when being transported between manufacturers and retailers

26、. The objectives of this Guide are to maximize the direct and indirect benefits to purchasers of goods and services by: eliminating unnecessary packaging so as to reduce the price of goods and the amount of waste; ensuring that goods reach consumers in the condition intended by the manufacturer; pro

27、tecting consumers from any potentially harmful effects of the packaging or its contents; enabling consumers to store the goods and their packaging appropriately and to keep, dispose of, or recycle them, in a manner that minimizes their environmental impact. 2 Human and environmental safety of packag

28、ing material 2.1 In storage 2.1.1 The packaging material should not be potentially harmful by causing: a) the emission of substances which may endanger or be harmful to health or to the environment; b) the contamination of its contents or the contamination resulting from the interaction of the packa

29、ging material with its contents. 2.1.2 The contents should not leak through the packaging. Of greatest concern is the leakage of potentially hazardous materials. In particular, the following possible causes should be considered, where appropriate: a) lack of a seal; b) deterioration of the packaging

30、 caused by outside influences, such as temperature, light or foreseeable mechanical forces; c) deterioration of the packaging caused by the contents. 2.1.3 In cases where the contents are potentially hazardous, the packaging should be clearly labelled with relevant warnings and instructions for stor

31、age and disposal of both packaging and its contents. Special consideration should be given to the guidelines specified in ISO 3864-1 and ISO 3864-2, and in particular to certain consumers in need of tactile warning symbols specified in ISO 11683. The packaging should also be child resistant in accor

32、dance with ISO 8317. 2.1.4 In cases where the passage of time affects the safety and/or degradation of the product, the packaging should be clearly labelled to this effect. ARP 41:2008This standard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS.ISO/IEC GUID

33、E 41:2003(E) 2 PROOF/PREUVE ISO/IEC 2003 All rights reserved2.2 In use 2.2.1 For contents which are potentially harmful: a) the packaging should not be misleading in that it should be clearly distinguishable, in colour and shape or by other means, from packaging used for food or beverages; b) the pa

34、ckaging should be clearly labelled with relevant warnings and instructions for use; c) any relevant warnings and instructions for use, such as “Keep out of childrens reach”, should be repeated where technically feasible on any inner packaging; d) child-resistant packaging according to ISO 8317 shoul

35、d be used. 2.2.2 In cases where the packaging or its contents are potentially harmful upon opening, or upon removal of the contents, the following considerations should be made. a) The opening instructions should be clearly given and should be appropriately placed on the packaging. b) The means of o

36、pening should be suited to the contents, to the type of packaging and to the potential users. In some cases, two or more groups of users may have different, possibly conflicting requirements with respect to the means of opening. If an auxiliary device is required for opening, it should be drawn to c

37、onsumers attention as well as be available at the time of purchase. EXAMPLE Packaging of “potentially harmful” pharmaceuticals, which may come within reach of children, should have child-resistant closures, while the same closure should be easy to open for a person with disabilities, possibly with t

38、he help of an auxiliary device. c) Warnings should be given as to whether the product should be removed from the packaging once opened and guidance should be given for the conditions of storage of the contents. EXAMPLE Tinned food. d) The packaging should facilitate the safe removal of its contents.

39、 Further guidance can be found in ISO 3864-1 and ISO 3864-2 and in ISO 14021. 2.2.3 In cases where the contents may deteriorate or become harmful if the packaging is left open, clear closing instructions should be given. EXAMPLE Materials give off noxious fumes. Keep tightly closed. 2.3 Disposal 2.3

40、.1 Packaging should be minimized and that used should be, in order of preference, reusable, recyclable, and/or biodegradable. Further guidance can be found in IEC Guide 109 and in ISO Guide 64. In some cases, energy-recoverable packaging might be the most reasonable solution, taking into account eco

41、logical as well as economic aspects and existing national waste management systems. The use of reusable packaging is encouraged. 2.3.2 Clear instructions should be given on disposal of packaging and/or contents whenever normal means of disposal are inappropriate. ARP 41:2008This standard may only be

42、 used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS.ISO/IEC GUIDE 41:2003(E) ISO/IEC 2003 All rights reserved PROOF/PREUVE 33 Suitability for intended purpose 3.1 Protection The packaging should protect the contents without reducing either their safety performance or their

43、 reliability which would be expected from normal wear during transportation and storage and for the anticipated lifetime of the packaging. The contents should be protected against: a) outside mechanical forces such as impact or vibration; b) contamination by potentially damaging substances, for exam

44、ple water or air; c) climatic conditions, for example extreme temperatures; d) radiation, for example ultraviolet light, except for packaging designed to degrade after a certain time. 3.2 Safe opening The design of packaging should make it possible for it to be opened safely by the consumer, i.e. wi

45、thout personal injury or damage to the contents. 3.3 Handling The packaging design should facilitate the following: a) the transportation, the storage, and the use of the product from the moment of purchase until the eventual disposal of the packaging; b) the protection of the product prior to use a

46、nd during subsequent storage; c) the opening and the keeping of the packaging open when needed, in order to enable the user to have easy and safe access to the contents; d) the closing and the keeping of the packaging closed when not in use; all closing devices should be suited to contents, to packa

47、ging and to potential users; e) the removal of the contents from the packaging without damaging the contents; f) the removal of the contents without damaging the packaging when intentions are to reuse the packaging; g) the complete emptying of the package; h) the filling of a reusable package from t

48、he producers associated refill pack. 3.4 Sizing Neither the size nor the shape of the packaging should mislead the potential purchaser as to the amount of its contents. Where settling may occur, this information should be clearly stated on the outside of the packaging. The number of packaging sizes

49、should be kept to a minimum for each product line. Each size should be a simple multiple of the previous size. ARP 41:2008This standard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS.ISO/IEC GUIDE 41:2003(E) 4 PROOF/PREUVE ISO/IEC 2003 All rights reserved4 Conservation of resources and economy 4.1 General considerations Before the decision is taken to package goods, careful consideration should be given to the costs involved in doing so. Unnecessary packaging is a waste o