ARP 720-2008 Guide for addressing environmental issues in product standards《提出产品标准中环境问题的指南》.pdf

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3、damage whatsoever than may result from the use of this material or the information contain therein, irrespective of the cause and quantum thereof. ISBN 978-0-626-22207-9 ARP 720:2008 Edition 1 ISO Guide 64:2008 Edition 2SABS STANDARDS DIVISION Recommended practice Guide for addressing environmental

4、issues in product standards This recommended practice is the identical implementation of ISO Guide 64:2008 and is adopted with the permission of the International Organization for Standardization. This document does not have the status of a South African National Standard. Published by SABS Standard

5、s Division 1 Dr Lategan Road Groenkloof Private Bag x191 Pretoria 0001 Tel: +27 12 428 7911 Fax: +27 12 344 1568 www.sabs.co.za SABS This standard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS.ARP 720:2008 Edition 1 ISO Guide 64:2008 Edition 2 Table of cha

6、nges Change No. Date Scope National foreword This recommended practice was approved by National Committee SABS TC 207, Environmental management, in accordance with procedures of the SABS Standards Division, in compliance with annex 3 of the WTO/TBT agreement. This document was published in October 2

7、008. This standard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS. Second edition 2008 ISO 2008 GUIDE 64 Guide for addressing environmental issues in product standards ARP 720:2008This standard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freem

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13、720:2008This standard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS.ISO GUIDE 64:2008(E) ISO 2008 All rights reserved iiiContents Page Foreword iv Introduction.v 1 Scope 1 2 Terms and definitions .2 3 Basic principles and approaches 3 3.1 General .3 3.2 Pr

14、inciples3 3.3 Approaches7 4 Environmental aspects to be considered for systematically addressing environmental issues in product standards.8 4.1 General considerations.8 4.2 Inputs9 4.3 Outputs.9 4.4 Other relevant issues 11 5 Identifying product environmental aspects using a systematic approach .11

15、 5.1 General .11 5.2 Collecting data for the identification of product environmental aspects and impacts11 5.3 Environmental checklist .12 5.4 Relation between the environmental checklist and the drafting guidance .15 6 Guidance for integrating environmental provisions in the product standard 15 6.1

16、 General .15 6.2 Acquisition .15 6.3 Production17 6.4 Use of the product.17 6.5 End-of-life.20 6.6 Transportation .21 Annex A (informative) Developing environmental sector guides 23 Annex B (informative) Examples for including environmental provisions in standards.26 Bibliography35 ARP 720:2008This

17、standard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS.ISO GUIDE 64:2008(E) iv ISO 2008 All rights reservedForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The wor

18、k of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governme

19、ntal, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. Draft

20、 Guides adopted by the responsible Committee or Group are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as a Guide requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of

21、patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO Guide 64 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 207, Environmental management. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO Guide 64:1997), which has been technically revised. A

22、RP 720:2008This standard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS.ISO GUIDE 64:2008(E) ISO 2008 All rights reserved vIntroduction Every product has an impact on the environment during all stages of its life-cycle, e.g. extraction of resources, acquisi

23、tion of raw materials, production, distribution, use (application), reuse, end-of-life treatment, including final disposal. These impacts range from slight to significant; they can be short-term or long-term; and they occur at global, regional or local level. Provisions in product standards have an

24、influence on environmental impacts of products. The need to reduce the potential adverse impacts on the environment of a product that can occur during all stages of its life is recognized around the world. The potential environmental impacts of products can be reduced by taking into account environm

25、ental issues in product standards. This Guide is intended for use by all those involved in the drafting of product standards, to draw attention to environmental issues in support of sustainable international trade, and is not intended to be used to create non-tariff barriers to trade. Standards writ

26、ers are not expected to become environmental experts but, by using this Guide, they are encouraged to: identify and understand basic environmental aspects and impacts related to the product under consideration, and determine when it is possible and when it is not possible to deal with an environment

27、al issue through a product standard. During the life-cycle of a given product, different environmental aspects can be determined. However, the identification of these aspects and the prediction of their impacts is a complex process. When writing a product standard, it is important to ensure that an

28、evaluation as to how products can affect the environment at different stages of their life-cycle is carried out as early as possible in the process of developing the standard. The results of this evaluation are important for specifying provisions in standards. It is anticipated that product standard

29、s writers actively consider compliance with any applicable national, regional or local product related regulation. This Guide proposes a step-by-step approach, based on the principle of life-cycle thinking (see also 3.2.1), in order to promote a reduction of potential adverse environmental impacts c

30、aused by products, as illustrated in Figure 1. ARP 720:2008This standard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS.ISO GUIDE 64:2008(E) vi ISO 2008 All rights reservedFigure 1 Step-by-step approach for the inclusion of environmental provisions in produ

31、ct standards based on life-cycle thinking The approaches outlined in Clause 3 help to make standards writers aware of how it is possible to make an effective contribution to environmental improvement through a product standard, and how to reduce potential adverse environmental impacts of products. I

32、t is necessary to understand how the product interacts with the environment during its life-cycle in order to determine whether it is possible and appropriate to take into account environmental issues in the product standard. These issues are considered in Clause 4, which explains which environmenta

33、l aspects are relevant for standards writing (“WHAT”). Through a helpful tool (the environmental checklist), the writer of product standards can assess the relevant product environmental aspects, based on the availability of environmental information, product and environmental knowledge and the appl

34、ication of life-cycle thinking, these are considered in Clauses 5 and 6 which address the techniques of “HOW” to identify environmental aspects and impacts and draft environmental provisions in product standards. Some useful examples taken from existing standards are included in Annex B. As an outco

35、me, based on this information and additional guidance, environmental provisions can be drafted in product standards. ARP 720:2008This standard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS.ISO GUIDE 64:2008(E) ISO 2008 All rights reserved 1Guide for addres

36、sing environmental issues in product standards 1 Scope This Guide provides guidance on addressing environmental issues in product standards. It is primarily intended for product standards writers. Its purpose is to outline the relationship between the provisions in product standards and the environm

37、ental aspects and impacts of the product, to assist in drafting or revising provisions in product standards in order to reduce potential adverse environmental impacts at different stages of the entire product life-cycle, NOTE 1 See Annex B for examples. to emphasize that taking into account environm

38、ental issues in product standards is a complex process and requires balancing competing priorities, to recommend the use of life-cycle thinking when defining environmental provisions for a product for which a standard is being drafted, and to promote the future development of relevant sector guides

39、for addressing environmental issues in product standards by standards writers, consistent with the principles and approaches of this Guide. NOTE 2 See Annex A. Whenever a new product standard is drafted or an existing product standard is revised or intended to be revised, the project managers and th

40、eir technical committee chairman/convenors are encouraged to actively promote the application of this Guide. Furthermore, at any stage in the standard development process, experts are encouraged to include environmental issues in their comments. In order to take account of the diversity of products

41、and their specific environmental impacts, as well as the need for relevant environmental knowledge, it is useful for standards writers to involve environmental experts in the work. The project managers and their technical committee chairman/convenors might wish to take into account other relevant, c

42、urrent sector-specific guidance and environmental provisions identified in related standards. Unless they are closely related with environmental issues, this Guide does not address issues of occupational health and safety or consumer safety as separate or specific aspects of the product life-cycle.

43、Standards writers can find guidance on these issues in other guides. NOTE 3 See other guides listed in the Bibliography. ARP 720:2008This standard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS.ISO GUIDE 64:2008(E) 2 ISO 2008 All rights reserved2 Terms and

44、definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 2.1 environment surroundings in which an organization operates, including air, water, land, natural resources, flora, fauna, humans, and their interrelation NOTE Surroundings in this context extend from within

45、an organization to the global system. ISO 14050: 1) , definition 3.1 2.2 environmental issue any concern for environmental aspects and impacts 2.3 environmental provision any requirement, recommendation or statement in a standard that addresses environmental issues 2.4 interested party person or gro

46、up concerned with or affected by the environmental performance of an organization ISO 14001:2004, definition 3.13 2.5 life-cycle consecutive and interlinked stages of a product system, from raw material acquisition or generation of natural resources to final disposal ISO 14050: 1) , definition 7.1 N

47、OTE The term “product system” is defined and further explained in ISO 14040. 2.6 life-cycle thinking LCT consideration of all relevant environmental aspects (of a product) during the entire (product) life-cycle IEC Guide 109:2003, definition 3.10 2.7 prevention of pollution use of processes, practic

48、es, techniques, materials, products, services or energy to avoid, reduce or control (separately or in combination) the creation, emission or discharge of any type of pollutant or waste, in order to reduce adverse environmental impacts (2.10) NOTE Prevention of pollution can include source reduction

49、or elimination, process, product or service changes, efficient use of resources, material and energy substitution, reuse, recovery, recycling, reclamation and treatment. ISO 14050: 1) , definition 3.11 2.8 product any goods or service ISO 14050: 1) , definition 6.2 1) To be published. (Revision of ISO 14050:2002.) ARP 720:2008This standard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS.ISO GUIDE 64:2008(E) ISO 2008 All rights reserved 32.9 product environmental aspect eleme