1、ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 16-1983 (RA 2014)(Reaffirmation of ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 16-1983)Method of Testing forRating Room Air Conditionersand Packaged TerminalAir ConditionersApproved by the ASHRAE Standards Committee on October 18, 1998, and reaffirmed on June 28, 2014; by the ASHRAE Boardof Directors
2、on January 27, 1999, and reaffirmed on July 2, 2014; and by the American National Standards Institute onOctober 20, 1998, and reaffirmed on July 3, 2014.ASHRAE Standards are scheduled to be updated on a five-year cycle; the date following the standard number is the year ofASHRAE Board of Directors a
3、pproval. The latest edition of an ASHRAE Standard may be purchased on the ASHRAE website(www.ashrae.org) or from ASHRAE Customer Service, 1791 Tullie Circle, NE, Atlanta, GA 30329-2305. E-mail:ordersashrae.org. Fax: 678-539-2129. Telephone: 404-636-8400 (worldwide) or toll free 1-800-527-4723 (for o
4、rders in US andCanada). For reprint permission, go to www.ashrae.org/permissions. 2014 ASHRAE ISSN 1041-2336SPECIAL NOTEThis American National Standard (ANS) is a national voluntary consensus standard developed under the auspices of ASHRAE.Consensus is defined by the American National Standards Inst
5、itute (ANSI), of which ASHRAE is a member and which has approved thisstandard as an ANS, as “substantial agreement reached by directly and materially affected interest categories. This signifies the concurrenceof more than a simple majority, but not necessarily unanimity. Consensus requires that all
6、 views and objections be considered, and that aneffort be made toward their resolution.” Compliance with this standard is voluntary until and unless a legal jurisdiction makes compliancemandatory through legislation.ASHRAE obtains consensus through participation of its national and international mem
7、bers, associated societies, and public review.ASHRAE Standards are prepared by a Project Committee appointed specifically for the purpose of writing the Standard. The ProjectCommittee Chair and Vice-Chair must be members of ASHRAE; while other committee members may or may not be ASHRAE members, allm
8、ust be technically qualified in the subject area of the Standard. Every effort is made to balance the concerned interests on all ProjectCommittees.The Manager of Standards of ASHRAE should be contacted for:a. interpretation of the contents of this Standard,b. participation in the next review of the
9、Standard,c. offering constructive criticism for improving the Standard, ord. permission to reprint portions of the Standard.DISCLAIMERASHRAE uses its best efforts to promulgate Standards and Guidelines for the benefit of the public in light of available information andaccepted industry practices. Ho
10、wever, ASHRAE does not guarantee, certify, or assure the safety or performance of any products, components,or systems tested, installed, or operated in accordance with ASHRAEs Standards or Guidelines or that any tests conducted under itsStandards or Guidelines will be nonhazardous or free from risk.
11、ASHRAE INDUSTRIAL ADVERTISING POLICY ON STANDARDSASHRAE Standards and Guidelines are established to assist industry and the public by offering a uniform method of testing for ratingpurposes,bysuggestingsafepracticesindesigningandinstallingequipment,byprovidingproperdefinitionsofthisequipment,andbypr
12、ovidingother information that may serve to guide the industry.The creation of ASHRAE Standards and Guidelines is determined by the need for them,and conformance to them is completely voluntary.In referring to this Standard or Guideline and in marking of equipment and in advertising, no claim shall b
13、e made, either stated or implied,that the product has been approved by ASHRAE.ASHRAE Standard Project Committee 16CognizantTC:TC 8.11, Unitary and Room Air Conditioners and Heat PumpsSPLS Liaison: Janice PetersonEarl J. Gmoser, Chair* Gerald C. Smith*Robert J. Evans* George E. Stocking*Charles W. Le
14、ster, Jr.* John T. Weizeorick*Robert W. Miller*Denotes members of voting status when the document was approved for publicationASHRAE STANDARDS COMMITTEE 20132014William F. Walter, Chair David R. Conover Malcolm D. KnightRichard L. Hall, Vice-Chair John F. Dunlap Rick A. LarsonKarim Amrane James W. E
15、arley, Jr. Mark P. ModeraJoseph R. Anderson Steven J. Emmerich Cyrus H. NasseriJames Dale Aswegan Julie M. Ferguson Janice C. PetersonCharles S. Barnaby Krishnan Gowri Heather L. PlattSteven F. Bruning Cecily M. Grzywacz Douglas T. ReindlJohn A. Clark Rita M. Harrold Julia A. Keen, BOD ExOWaller S.
16、Clements Adam W. Hinge Thomas E. Werkema, Jr., CODebra H. KennoyStephanie C. Reiniche, Manager of StandardsCONTENTSANSI/ASHRAE 16-1983 (RA 2014),Method ofTesting for Rating Room Air Conditionersand PackagedTerminal Air ConditionersSECTION PAGEForeword. 21 Scope and Purpose 22 Definitions. 23 Basis o
17、f Testing for Rating 34 Calorimeters . 35 Instruments. 66 Cooling Capacity Test. 67 Airflow Measurements 88 References . 10NOTEApproved addenda, errata, or interpretations for this standard can be downloaded free of charge from the ASHRAEWeb site at www.ashrae.org/technology. 2014 ASHRAE1791 Tullie
18、Circle NE Atlanta, GA 30329 www.ashrae.org All rights reserved.ASHRAE is a registered trademark of the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc.ANSI is a registered trademark of the American National Standards Institute.2 ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 16-1983 (RA 2014)(T
19、his foreword is not part of this standard. It is merelyinformative and does not contain requirements necessaryfor conformance to the standard. It has not been pro-cessed according to the ANSI requirements for a stan-dard and may contain material that has not been subjectto public review or a consens
20、us process. Unresolvedobjectors on informative material are not offered theright to appeal at ASHRAE or ANSI.)FOREWORDThis standard prescribes a method of testing for obtainingcooling capacity and airflow quantity for rating room air con-ditioners and packaged terminal air conditioners.The standard
21、originally evolved from the American Soci-ety of Refrigerating Engineers (ASRE) Circular 13-42, Stan-dard Methods of Rating and Testing Air ConditioningEquipment, and ASRE Standard 16-56, was first issued asASHRAE Standard 16-1961, Method of Testing for RatingRoom Air Conditioners, with revisions in
22、 1969 and 1983.The 1983 standard was approved by the ASHRAE Stan-dards Committee on September 16, 1983; by the ASHRAEBoard of Directors on December 1, 1983; and by the Ameri-can National Standards Institute on February 24, 1984.The standard was reaffirmed with minor editorialchanges by the Standards
23、 Committee on January 31, 1988 andOctober 18, 1998. The ASHRAE Board of Directors approvedthe reaffirmation on June 30, 1988 and on January 27, 1999and the American National Standards Institute on June 30,1988 and October 20, 1998.This is a reaffirmation of Standard 16-1983 (RA 1999).This standard w
24、as prepared under the auspices of the AmericanHeating Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers(ASHRAE). It may be used, in whole or in part, by an associa-tion or government agency with due credit to ASHRAE. Adher-ence is strictly on a voluntary basis and merely in the interestsof obtaining unif
25、orm standards throughout the industry.This 2014 version of the reaffirmation has no updatesincluded other than a revised foreword and Standards Com-mittee roster. A revised version of this standard will bereleased for public review in the near future.1. SCOPE AND PURPOSE1.1 Scope1.1.1 This standard
26、prescribes a method of testing forobtaining cooling capacity and airflow quantity for ratingroom air conditioners and packaged terminal air conditioners.1.1.2 For purposes of this standard:(a) A room air conditioner is defined as an encasedassembly designed as a unit, primarily for mountingin a wind
27、ow or through the wall or as a console. It isdesigned primarily to provide free delivery of con-ditioned air to an enclosed space, room, or zone. Itincludes a prime source of refrigeration and dehu-midification and means for circulating and cleaningair and may also include means for heating and ven-
28、tilating.(b) A packaged terminal air conditioner is a factoryselected combination of heating and coolingcomponents, assemblies, or sections, intended toserve an individual room or zone.1.1.3 Room conditioners employing water-cooled con-densers are included in this standard.1.1.4 This standard does n
29、ot prescribe methods of testingfor obtaining heating capacity (see ASHRAE Standard 58-1986).11.2 PurposeThe purpose of this standard is to(a) establish a uniform method of testing for obtainingrating data,(b) specify types of test equipment for performing suchtests,(c) specifydatarequiredandcalculat
30、ionstobeused,and(d) list and define the terms used in testing.1.3 Method of Using This Standard1.3.1 Determine whether this standard is applicable byreview of Sections 1 and 2.1.3.2 Select the type of room calorimeter from Section 4,the instrumentation from Section 5, and the airflow measuringequipm
31、ent from Section 7. Instruments other than thosedescribed in these sections may be used provided the accuracyis within the limits defined herein. Such acceptable alterna-tives shall be limited to those described in the 1997 ASHRAEHandbookFundamentals, chapter on measurements andinstruments.21.3.3 Te
32、st and calculate ratings in accordance with appro-priate methods in Sections 6 and 7.2. DEFINITIONSAccuracy of readings: where percentage limits of readings aregiven herein, the reference basis is the magnitude of thegreater quantity measured and not the scale of instrument.Evaporative equilibrium o
33、f a wet-bulb thermometer: the con-dition obtained when the wetted wick surrounding the temper-ature-sensing bulb has reached a state of constant temperature.When the temperature-sensing bulb and wick are exposed toair at velocities of approximately 1000 fpm (5 m/s), the tem-perature indicated by the
34、 thermometer may be considered atrue wet-bulb temperature.Exhaust airflow of an air conditioner: the amount of roomair delivered to the outside directly through the unit.Free delivery type air conditioner: takes in air and dischargesit directly to the space to be treated without external elementstha
35、t impose air resistance.Leakage airflow: the amount of air interchanged between theroom side and outdoor side through a unit as a result of con-struction features or faulty sealing techniques.Net latent cooling effect: the total useful capacity of the airconditioner for removing water vapor from the
36、 space to beconditioned.Net sensible cooling effect: the difference between the nettotal cooling effect and the dehumidifying effect.ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 16-1983 (RA 2014) 3Net total cooling effect of an air conditioner: the total usefulcapacity of the unit for removing heat from the space to becond
37、itioned.Recirculated airflow: the air discharged from the air condi-tioner to the conditioned spaceFigure 1 Typical calibrated room air conditioner under test.Figure 1b Typical balanced ambient room air conditioner under test.when all test unit ventilatingdampers are closed.Room calorimeter: a test
38、facility consisting of a room-sidecompartment and an outdoor-side compartment, each ofwhich is equipped with instrumented reconditioning equip-ment. The output of this equipment is measured and con-trolled to counterbalance the room-side net total cooling effectof the air conditioner under test.Stan
39、dard barometric pressure: a barometric pressure of29.92 in. Hg (101 kPa).Ventilation airflow of an air conditioner: the amount of airintroduced to the room directly through the unit from the out-side.3. BASIS OFTESTING FOR RATING3.1 Performance Determinations3.1.1 Performance determinations shall co
40、nsist of(a) quantitative effects produced upon the air in thespace to be conditioned, such as cooling and dehu-midification in Btu/h (W) and airflow rated in cubicfeet per minute (cfm L/s) under specified condi-tions;(b) other data pertaining to the application of an airconditioner under test, such
41、as the current inamperes and the power input in watts under speci-fied conditions.4. CALORIMETERS4.1 Calorimeters Required for TestingTheairconditionersshallbetestedforcoolingcapacityina room calorimeter of either the calibrated or balanced ambi-ent type as described in Sections 4.3 and 4.4.4.2 Calo
42、rimeters, General4.2.1 The calorimeter provides a method for determiningcooling capacity on the room side only or preferably on boththe room side and the outdoor side simultaneously. The room-side capacity determination is made by balancing the coolingand dehumidifying effects with measured heat and
43、 waterinputs. The outdoor-side capacity, if measured, provides aconfirming test of the cooling and dehumidifying effect bybalancing the heat and water rejection on the condenser sidewith a measured amount of cooling medium.4.2.2 The two calorimeter compartments, room side andoutdoor side, are separa
44、ted by an insulated partition having anopening into which the air conditioner is mounted (Figure 1).The air conditioner shall be installed in a manner similar to its4 ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 16-1983 (RA 2014)normal installation. No effort shall be made to seal the internalconstruction of the air condit
45、ioner to prevent air leakage fromthe condenser side to the evaporator side or vice versa, otherthan specifically provided by the manufacturers normalinstallation instructions.Figure 2 Pressure equalizer device.No connections or alterations shallbe made to the air conditioner that interfere with its
46、normaloperation. Grille positions, fan speeds, and the like shall be setto result in maximum cooling capacity in accordance withmanufacturer instructions. When tests are made at other set-tings, they shall be noted along with the ratings.4.2.3 A pressure-equalizing device shall be provided inthe par
47、tition wall between the room-side and outdoor-sidecompartments to maintain a balanced pressure between thesecompartments and also to permit measurement of leakage,exhaust, and ventilation air.A suggested arrangement of com-ponents for such a device, using nozzles, is shown in Figure 2.Since the airf
48、low from one compartment to the other maybe in either direction, one of two such devices shall be used,either mounted in opposite directions or a reversible device.The manometer pressure pickup tubes shall be so locatedas to be unaffected by air discharged from the air conditionerunder test or by th
49、e exhaust from the pressure-equalizingdevice. The fan or blower that exhausts air from the dischargechamber shall permit variation of its airflow by any suitablemeans, such as a variable-speed drive or a damper as shown inFigure2.Theexhaustfromthisfanorblowershallbesuchthatit will not affect the inlet air to the air conditioner under test.Theenergyinputtothefanmotoroftheequalizingdeviceshall be included in the input to the compartment in which itis located during capacity testing.Theequalizingdeviceshallbeadjustedduringthecalorim-eter tests or airflow measurements so t
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