ASHRAE 55 ADD B-2014 Thermal Environmental Conditions for Human Occupancy.pdf

1、ANSI/ASHRAE Addendum b toANSI/ASHRAE Standard 55-2013Thermal EnvironmentalConditions forHuman OccupancyApproved by ASHRAE on November 18, 2014; and by the American National Standards Institute on December 1, 2014.This addendum was approved by a Standing Standard Project Committee (SSPC) for which th

2、e Standards Committee has estab-lished a documented program for regular publication of addenda or revisions, including procedures for timely, documented, con-sensus action on requests for change to any part of the standard. The change submittal form, instructions, and deadlines may beobtained in ele

3、ctronic form from the ASHRAE website (www.ashrae.org) or in paper form from the Manager of Standards. The latest edition of an ASHRAE Standard may be purchased on the ASHRAE website (www.ashrae.org) or from ASHRAE Cus-tomer Service, 1791 Tullie Circle, NE, Atlanta, GA 30329-2305. E-mail: ordersashra

4、e.org. Fax: 678-539-2129. Telephone: 404-636-8400 (worldwide), or toll free 1-800-527-4723 (for orders in US and Canada). For reprint permission, go towww.ashrae.org/permissions. 2014 ASHRAE ISSN 1041-2336SPECIAL NOTEThis American National Standard (ANS) is a national voluntary consensus standard de

5、veloped under the auspices of ASHRAE.Consensus is defined by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI), of which ASHRAE is a member and which has approved thisstandard as an ANS, as “substantial agreement reached by directly and materially affected interest categories. This signifies the conc

6、urrenceof more than a simple majority, but not necessarily unanimity. Consensus requires that all views and objections be considered, and that aneffort be made toward their resolution.” Compliance with this standard is voluntary until and unless a legal jurisdiction makes compliancemandatory through

7、 legislation.ASHRAE obtains consensus through participation of its national and international members, associated societies, and public review.ASHRAE Standards are prepared by a Project Committee appointed specifically for the purpose of writing the Standard. The ProjectCommittee Chair and Vice-Chai

8、r must be members of ASHRAE; while other committee members may or may not be ASHRAE members, allmust be technically qualified in the subject area of the Standard. Every effort is made to balance the concerned interests on all ProjectCommittees.The Manager of Standards of ASHRAE should be contacted f

9、or:a. interpretation of the contents of this Standard,b. participation in the next review of the Standard,c. offering constructive criticism for improving the Standard, ord. permission to reprint portions of the Standard.DISCLAIMERASHRAE uses its best efforts to promulgate Standards and Guidelines f

10、or the benefit of the public in light of available information andaccepted industry practices. However, ASHRAE does not guarantee, certify, or assure the safety or performance of any products, components,or systems tested, installed, or operated in accordance with ASHRAEs Standards or Guidelines or

11、that any tests conducted under itsStandards or Guidelines will be nonhazardous or free from risk.ASHRAE INDUSTRIAL ADVERTISING POLICY ON STANDARDSASHRAE Standards and Guidelines are established to assist industry and the public by offering a uniform method of testing for ratingpurposes, by suggestin

12、g safe practices in designing and installing equipment, by providing proper definitions of this equipment, and by providingother information that may serve to guide the industry.The creation of ASHRAE Standards and Guidelines is determined by the need for them,and conformance to them is completely v

13、oluntary.In referring to this Standard or Guideline and in marking of equipment and in advertising, no claim shall be made, either stated or implied,that the product has been approved by ASHRAE.ASHRAE Standing Standard Project Committee 55CognizantTC: 2.1, Physiology and Human EnvironmentSPLS Liaiso

14、n: John F. DunlapGwelen Paliaga, Chair* Gail S. Brager Brian M. LynchLawrence J. Schoen, Vice Chair* Richard de Dear Michael P. ORourke*Peter F. Alspach, Secretary* Josh Eddy* Abhijeet Pande*Sahar Abbaszadeh Fard* Thomas B. Hartman* Julian Rimmer*Edward A. Arens* Daniel Int-Hout, III* Stefano Schiav

15、onRichard M. Aynsley* Michael A. Humphreys Peter Simmonds*Robert Bean* Essam Eldin Khalil* Stephen C. Turner*Atze Boerstra Baizhan Li*Denotes members of voting status when the document was approved for publicationASHRAE STANDARDS COMMITTEE 20142015Richard L. Hall, Chair James W. Earley, Jr. Mark P.

16、ModeraDouglass T. Reindl, Vice-Chair Steven J. Emmerich Cyrus H. NasseriJoseph R. Anderson Patricia T. Graef Heather L. PlattJames Dale Aswegan Rita M. Harrold Peter SimmondsCharles S. Barnaby Adam W. Hinge Wayne H. Stoppelmoor, Jr.Donald M. Brundage Srinivas Katipamula Jack H. ZarourJohn A. Clark D

17、ebra H. Kennoy Julia A. Keen, BOD ExOWaller S. Clements Malcolm D. Knight Bjarne Wilkens Olesen, CODavid R. Conover Rick A. LarsonJohn F. Dunlap Arsen K. MelkovStephanie C. Reiniche, Manager of StandardsASHRAE is a registered trademark of the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Condit

18、ioning Engineers, Inc.ANSI is a registered trademark of the American National Standards Institute. ASHRAE (www.ashrae.org). For personal use only. Additional reproduction, distribution, or transmission in either print or digital form is not permitted without ASHRAEs prior written permission.ANSI/ASH

19、RAE Addendum b to ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 55-2013 1(This foreword is not part of this standard. It is merelyinformative and does not contain requirements necessaryfor conformance to the standard. It has not been pro-cessed according to the ANSI requirements for a standardand may contain material that h

20、as not been subject topublic review or a consensus process. Unresolved objec-tors on informative material are not offered the right toappeal at ASHRAE or ANSI.)FOREWORDThis addendum clarifies the three comfort calculationapproaches in Section 5.3.3, “Elevated Air Speed,” by provid-ing a new applicab

21、ility table (Table 5.3.1, “Applicability ofMethods for Determining Acceptable Thermal Conditions inOccupied Spaces”) and reorganizing Section 5.3.3 to cover anElevated Air Speed Comfort Zone Method. In addition, thestandard now explicitly states that when “average air speed”(Va) is greater than 0.2

22、m/s (40 fpm), Section 5.3.3 shall beused to calculate the upper and lower bounds of the comfortzone. This requirement was not clearly stated previously.Other changes include removal of the upper limit to airspeed when occupants have control, and change of the draftlimit to 0.2 m/s (40 fpm) to align

23、with the still-air comfortzone in Figure 5.3.3B.Note: In this addendum, changes to the current standardare indicated in the text by underlining (for additions) andstrikethrough (for deletions) unless the instructions specifi-cally mention some other means of indicating the changes.5.3 General Method

24、 for Determining Acceptable Ther-mal Conditions in Occupied Spaces. Section 5.3 is permit-ted to be used to determine the requirements for thermalcomfort in all occupied spaces within the scope of this stan-dard. The requirements of Sections 5.3.1 or 5.3.2, 5.3.4, and5.3.5 must be met.Acceptable the

25、rmal conditions shall be determined usingone of the three methods shown in Table 5.3.1 and any appli-cable requirements of Sections 5.3.4 and 5.3.5.Note: Average air speed and average air temperaturehave precise definitions in this standard. See Section 3 for alldefined terms.5.3.3 Elevated Air Spee

26、d Comfort Zone Method. Thissection is permitted to be used to increase the maximumallowable operative temperature (to) and maximum allowableaverage air speed (Va) determined from Sections 5.3.1 and5.3.2, provided that the conditions described in Sections5.3.3.1 and 5.3.3.2 are met.The Standard Effec

27、tive Temperature (SET) model in theASHRAE Thermal Comfort Tool4is used to evaluate all casesof comfort under elevated air speed above 0.2 m/s (40fpm).Figure 5.3.3A represents two particular cases of equal skinheat loss contours computed by the SET model and shall bepermitted as a compliance method f

28、or the conditions specifiedin the figure.5.3.3.1 Applicability. It is permissible to apply themethod in this section to all spaces within the scope of thisstandard where the occupants have activity levels that resultin average metabolic rates between 1.0 and 2.0 met, clothinginsulation (Icl) between

29、 0.0 and 1.5 clo, and average airspeeds (Va) greater than 0.20 m/s (40 fpm).5.3.3.2 Methodology. The calculation method in Norma-tive Appendix C is to be used with this method. This methoduses the Analytical Comfort Zone Method in Section 5.3.2combined with the Standard Effective Temperature (SET)me

30、thod described in Appendix C.Figure 5.3.3A represents two particular cases of the Ele-vated Air Speed Comfort Zone Method and shall be permittedas a method of compliance for the conditions specified on thefigure. It is permissible to determine the acceptable operativetemperature range by linear inte

31、rpolation between the limitsfound for each zone in Figure 5.3.3A.Alternative methods are permitted. If any other method isused, the user shall verify and document that the method usedyields the same results. The ASHRAE Thermal Comfort Tool4is permitted to be used to comply with this section.Notes:a.

32、 The SET model is available as part of the ASHRAEThermal Comfort Tool,4as described in InformativeAppendix G of this standard. Any other codings ofthe SET model must be validated against this code.b.Addendum b to Standard 55-2013Modify normative language and add a normative table toSection 5.3 as sh

33、own below. The remainder of Section 5.3 isunchanged.TABLE 5.3.1 Applicability of Methods for Determining AcceptableThermal Conditions in Occupied SpacesAverage Air Speed,m/s (fpm)Humidity Ratio Met Clo Comfort Zone Method0.20 (40) All 1.0 to 2.0 0to1.5Section 5.3.3, “Elevated Air Speed Comfort ZoneM

34、ethod”Modify Section 5.3.3 as shown below. ASHRAE (www.ashrae.org). For personal use only. Additional reproduction, distribution, or transmission in either print or digital form is not permitted without ASHRAEs prior written permission.2 ANSI/ASHRAE Addendum b to ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 55-2013Note: Th

35、e flowchart in Figure 5.3.3B describes the stepsfor determining the comfort under elevated air speed. limits toairspeed inputs in SET model.5.3.3.13 Limits to Average Air Speed (Va) with OccupantControl. When control of local air speed is provided to occu-pants the maximum air speed shall be 1.2 m/s

36、 (240 fpm) forthe SET model and Figure 5.3.3A. Section 5.3.3.4 does notapply when the occupants have control over average air speed(Va) meeting one of the following criteria:When using either method, control shall be directlyaccessible to occupants and be provided eithera. one means of control for e

37、very six occupants or less orfewer orb. one means of control for every 84 m2(900 ft2) or less. Therange of control shall encompass air speeds suitable forsedentary occupants. The air speed should be adjustablecontinuously or in maximum steps of 0.25 m/s (50 fpm) asmeasured at the occupants location.

38、Note: These limits are shown by the fully bounded areafor each clothing level in Figure 5.3.3A.Exception:c. In multi-occupant spaces where groups gather for sharedactivities, such as classrooms and conference rooms, atleast one control shall be provided for each space, regard-less of size. Multi-occ

39、upant spaces that can be subdividedby moveable walls shall have one control for each spacesubdivision.The air speed control must extend to still air 0.2 m/s (40fpm) as measured at the occupants location and be adjustablecontinuously or in maximum steps of 0.25 m/s (50 fpm) asmeasured at the occupant

40、s location.Exception: Above activity levels of 1.3 met, the 1.2 m/s (240fpm) limit does not apply.5.3.3.24 Limits to Average Air Speed (Va) without Occu-pant Control. If occupants do not have control over the localair speed meeting the requirements of Section 5.3.3.31, thefollowing limits apply to t

41、he SET model and Figure 5.3.3A.a. For operative temperatures (to) above 25.5C (77.9F), theupper limit to average air speed (Va) shall be 0.8 m/s (160fpm).b. For operative temperatures (to) below 22.5C (72.5F), thelimit to average air speed (Va) shall be 0.15 m/s (30 fpm).bc. For operative temperatur

42、es (to) between 22.5C and25.5C (72.5F and 77.9F), the upper limit to averageair speed (Va) shall follow an equal SET contour asdescribed in Normative Appendix C. In Figure 5.3.3Athis curve is the curve shown between the dark and lightshaded areas in Figure 5.3.3.A. It is acceptable to approx-imate t

43、he curve in Figure 5.3.3A in I-P and SI units byusing the following equation:V = 50.49 4.4047 ta+ 0.096425(ta)2(m/s, C)V = 31375.7 857.295 ta+ 5.86288(ta)2(fpm, F)Notes:Renumber Section 5.3.3.1 and move behind new Section5.3.3.2, and revise as shown below.FIGURE 5.3.3B Flowchart for determining limi

44、ts to airspeed inputs in SET model the Elevated Air Speed Comfort ZoneMethod.Renumber Section 5.3.3.2 and revise as shown below. ASHRAE (www.ashrae.org). For personal use only. Additional reproduction, distribution, or transmission in either print or digital form is not permitted without ASHRAEs pri

45、or written permission.ANSI/ASHRAE Addendum b to ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 55-2013 3a. These limits are shown by the light gray area inFigure 5.3.3Ab. Section 5.3.4.3 has further requirements for opera-tive temperatures (to) below 22.5C (72.5F) atparticular levels of clo and met.Exception: Above activity

46、levels of 1.3 met, the limits inSection 5.3.3.2 do not apply when using the SETmodel and Figure 5.3.3A.5.3.4.3 Draft. At operative temperatures (to) below22.5C (72.5F), average air speed (Va) caused by the build-ing, its fenestration, and its HVAC system shall not exceed0.20 0.15 m/s (40 30 fpm). Th

47、is limit does not require consid-eration of air movement produced by office equipment oroccupants.Exceptions: Higher average air speeds (Va) that are permit-ted by Section 5.3.3.6.2 Documentation. The method and design conditionsappropriate for the intended use of the building shall beselected and d

48、ocumented as follows.Note: Some of the requirements in items (a) through (g)below may not be applicable to naturally conditioned build-ings.a. The method of design compliance shall be stated for eachspace and/or system: Graphic Comfort Zone Method(Section 5.3.1), Analytical Comfort Zone Method (Sec-

49、tion 5.3.2), Elevated Air Speed Comfort Zone Method(Section 5.3.3), or the use of Section 5.4 for Occupant-Controlled Naturally Conditioned Spaces.7.2.2 Prediction of Comfort from Environmental Mea-surements7.2.2.1 Mechanically Conditioned Spaces. Use Section5.3.1.2 to determine the PMV-based comfort zone for theoccupants expected clothing and metabolic rate. The mod-eled clothing and activity levels of the occupants must be asobserved or as expected for the use of the indoor space inquestion. Use Section 5.3.3 to adjust the comfort zones lowerand u