ASHRAE 55 ADD D-2015 Thermal Environmental Conditions for Human Occupancy.pdf

1、ANSI/ASHRAE Addendum d toANSI/ASHRAE Standard 55-2013Thermal EnvironmentalConditions for HumanOccupancyApproved by ASHRAE on May 29, 2015, and by the American National Standards Institute on June 1, 2015.This addendum was approved by a Standing Standard Project Committee (SSPC) for which the Standar

2、ds Committee has estab-lished a documented program for regular publication of addenda or revisions, including procedures for timely, documented, con-sensus action on requests for change to any part of the standard. The change submittal form, instructions, and deadlines may beobtained in electronic f

3、orm from the ASHRAE website (www.ashrae.org) or in paper form from the Senior Manager of Standards. The latest edition of an ASHRAE Standard may be purchased on the ASHRAE website (www.ashrae.org) or from ASHRAE Cus-tomer Service, 1791 Tullie Circle, NE, Atlanta, GA 30329-2305. E-mail: ordersashrae.

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5、ioning Engineers, Inc.ANSI is a registered trademark of the American National Standards Institute.SPECIAL NOTEThis American National Standard (ANS) is a national voluntary consensus Standard developed under the auspices of ASHRAE. Consensus is definedby the American National Standards Institute (ANS

6、I), of which ASHRAE is a member and which has approved this Standard as an ANS, as“substantial agreement reached by directly and materially affected interest categories. This signifies the concurrence of more than a simple majority,but not necessarily unanimity. Consensus requires that all views and

7、 objections be considered, and that an effort be made toward their resolution.”Compliance with this Standard is voluntary until and unless a legal jurisdiction makes compliance mandatory through legislation. ASHRAE obtains consensus through participation of its national and international members, as

8、sociated societies, and public review.ASHRAE Standards are prepared by a Project Committee appointed specifically for the purpose of writing the Standard. The ProjectCommittee Chair and Vice-Chair must be members of ASHRAE; while other committee members may or may not be ASHRAE members, allmust be t

9、echnically qualified in the subject area of the Standard. Every effort is made to balance the concerned interests on all Project Committees. The Senior Manager of Standards of ASHRAE should be contacted fora. interpretation of the contents of this Standard,b. participation in the next review of the

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11、wever, ASHRAE does not guarantee, certify, or assure the safety or performance of any products, components, or systemstested, installed, or operated in accordance with ASHRAEs Standards or Guidelines or that any tests conducted under its Standards or Guidelineswill be nonhazardous or free from risk.

12、ASHRAE INDUSTRIAL ADVERTISING POLICY ON STANDARDSASHRAE Standards and Guidelines are established to assist industry and the public by offering a uniform method of testing for rating purposes, bysuggesting safe practices in designing and installing equipment, by providing proper definitions of this e

13、quipment, and by providing other informationthat may serve to guide the industry. The creation of ASHRAE Standards and Guidelines is determined by the need for them, and conformanceto them is completely voluntary.In referring to this Standard or Guideline and in marking of equipment and in advertisi

14、ng, no claim shall be made, either stated or implied,that the product has been approved by ASHRAE.ASHRAE Standing Standard Project Committee 55Cognizant TC: 2.1, Physiology and Human EnvironmentSPLS Liaison: John F. DunlapGwelen Paliaga,* Chair Essam E. Khalil* Gail S. BragerLawrence J. Schoen,* Vic

15、e-Chair Michael P. ORourke* Richard de DearPeter F. Alspach,* Secretary Abhijeet Pande* Michael A. HumphreysEdward A. Arens* Zaccary A. Poots* Daniel Int-Hout, IIIRichard M. Aynsley* Julian Rimmer* Thomas LesserRobert Bean* Michael Tillou* Baizhan LiJosh Eddy* Stephen C. Turner* Rodrigo MoraThomas B

16、. Hartman* Atze Boerstra Stefano Schiavon* Denotes members of voting status when the document was approved for publicationASHRAE STANDARDS COMMITTEE 20142015Richard L. Hall, Chair James W. Earley, Jr. Mark P. ModeraDouglass T. Reindl, Vice-Chair Steven J. Emmerich Cyrus H. NasseriJoseph R. Anderson

17、Patricia T. Graef Heather L. PlattJames Dale Aswegan Rita M. Harrold Peter SimmondsCharles S. Barnaby Adam W. Hinge Wayne H. Stoppelmoor, Jr.Donald M. Brundage Srinivas Katipamula Jack H. ZarourJohn A. Clark Debra H. Kennoy Julia A. Keen, BOD ExOWaller S. Clements Malcolm D. Knight Bjarne Wilkens Ol

18、esen, CODavid R. Conover Rick A. LarsonJohn F. Dunlap Arsen K. MelkovStephanie C. Reiniche, Senior Manager of Standards ASHRAE (www.ashrae.org). For personal use only. Additional reproduction, distribution, or transmission in either print or digital form is not permitted without ASHRAEs prior writte

19、n permission.ANSI/ASHRAE Addendum d to ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 55-2013 1(This foreword is not part of this standard. It is merely informative and does not contain requirements necessary for con-formance to the standard. It has not been processed according to the ANSI requirements for a standard and may

20、 containmaterial that has not been subject to public review or a consensus process. Unresolved objectors on informative materialare not offered the right to appeal at ASHRAE or ANSI.)FOREWORDAddendum b to Standard 55-2013 changed the still-air threshold from 0.15 to 0.2 m/s (30 to 40 fpm) to align t

21、he compliancepaths that previously had differing definitions of “still air.” This addendum updates additional references and figures in the stan-dard that were impacted by Addendum b. The air-speed limit to prevent draft sensation in cool environments is moved to Section5.3.3.4, “Average Air Speed (

22、Va) without Occupant Control,” to clarify how the limit fits into the other air-speed limits and Fig-ure 5.3.3A, “Acceptable ranges of operative temperature (t0) and average air speed (Va) for the 1.0 and 0.5 clo comfort zonespresented in figure 5.3.1, at humidity ratio 0.010.” Normative Appendix C,

23、 “Procedure for Evaluating Cooling Effect of ElevatedAir Speed Using SET” is also modified to state that the SET model cooling effect applies to both air and radiant temperature.Addendum b to Standard 55-2013 is published and available for free download from the ASHRAE website at https:/www.ashrae.o

24、rg/standards-research-technology/standards-addenda.Note: In this addendum, changes to the current standard are indicated in the text by underlining (for additions) and striketh-rough (for deletions) unless the instructions specifically mention some other means of indicating the changes.Addendum d to

25、 Standard 55-2013Replace Figure 5.3.3A with the figure shown, and revise the figure caption as shown.FIGURE 5.3.3A Acceptable ranges of operative temperature (to) and average air speed (Va) for the 1.0 and 0.5 clo comfortzones presented in Figure 5.3.1, at humidity ratio 0.010. ASHRAE (www.ashrae.or

26、g). For personal use only. Additional reproduction, distribution, or transmission in either print or digital form is not permitted without ASHRAEs prior written permission.2 ANSI/ASHRAE Addendum d to ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 55-2013Modify Figure 5.3.3B as shown.FIGURE 5.3.3B Flowchart for determining li

27、mits to airspeed inputs in the Elevated Air Speed Comfort Zone Method. ASHRAE (www.ashrae.org). For personal use only. Additional reproduction, distribution, or transmission in either print or digital form is not permitted without ASHRAEs prior written permission.ANSI/ASHRAE Addendum d to ANSI/ASHRA

28、E Standard 55-2013 35.3.3.4 Average Air Speed (Va) without OccupantControl. If occupants do not have control over the local airspeed meeting the requirements of Section 5.3.3.3, the fol-lowing limits apply to the SET model and Figure 5.3.3A.a. For operative temperatures (to) above 25.5C (77.9F), the

29、upper limit to average air speed (Va) shall be 0.8 m/s (160fpm).b. For operative temperatures (to) between 22.523.0C and25.5C (72.573.4F and 77.9F), the upper limit to aver-age air speed (Va) shall follow an equal SET contour asdescribed in Normative Appendix C. In Figure 5.3.3A thiscurve is shown b

30、etween the dark and light shaded areas. Itis acceptable to approximate the curve in Figure 5.3.3A inI-P and SI units by using the following equation:V = 50.49 4.4047 ta+ 0.096425(ta)2(m/s, C)V = 31375.7 857.295 ta+ 5.86288(ta)2(fpm, F)c. For operative temperatures (to) below 23.0C (73.4F), thelimit

31、to average air speed (Va) shall be 0.2 m/s (40 fpm).Exceptions to Section 5.3.3.4(c):1. Representative occupants with clothing insulation (Icl)greater than 0.7 clo2. Representative occupants with metabolic rates above1.3 metNotes: a.These limits are shown by the light gray area inFigure 5.3.3A.b. Se

32、ction 5.3.4.3 has further requirements for operativetemperatures (to) below 22.5C (72.5F) at particularlevels of clo and met.5.3.4.3 Draft. At operative temperatures (to) below22.5C (72.5F), average air speed (Va) caused by the build-ing, its fenestration, and its HVAC system shall not exceed0.20 m/

33、s (40 fpm). This limit does not require considerationof air movement produced by office equipment or occupants.Exception: Higher average air speeds (Va) that are per-mitted by Section 5.3.3C1. CALCULATION OVERVIEWSection 5.3 requires that the Elevated Air Speed ComfortZone Method be used when averag

34、e air speed (Va) is greaterthan 0.20 m/s (40 fpm). The SET model shall be used toaccount for the cooling effect of air speeds greater than themaximum allowed in the Graphic Comfort Zone or AnalyticalComfort Zone methods. This Appendix describes the calcula-tion procedures for the Elevated Air Speed

35、Comfort ZoneMethod.For a given set of environmental and personal variables,including an elevated average air speed and, an average airtemperature (ta), and a mean radiant temperature ( ), theSET is first calculated. Then the average air speed (Va) isreplaced by still air (0.150.1 m/s 3020 fpm), and

36、a secondaverage air temperature is found that yields the same SET asin the first calculation. The second average air temperature isused to calculate PMV the average air temperature and radi-ant temperature are adjusted according to the cooling effect.The cooling effect (CE) of the elevated airspeed

37、is the valuethat, when subtracted equally from both the average air tem-perature and the mean radiant temperature, yields the sameSET under still air as in the first SET calculation under ele-vated airspeed. The PMV adjusted for an environment withelevated average air speed is calculated using the a

38、djustedaverage air temperature, the adjusted radiant temperature, andstill air (0.1 m/s 20 fpm).a. Enter the average air temperature (ta), radiant tempera-ture, relative humidity, clo value, and met rate.b. Set the average air speed (Va).c. Note the calculated value for SET in the output data.d. Red

39、uce the average air speed (Va) to 0.150.1 m/s (3020fpm).e. Reduce the average air temperature (ta) and radiant tem-perature (tr) equally in small increments until the SET isequal to the value noted in Step (c).f. This air temperature value is the adjusted average air tem-perature. The cooling effect

40、 (CE) is the quantity by whichthe average air temperature and radiant temperature havebeen reduced. The resulting air temperature value is theadjusted average air temperature, and the resulting radianttemperature is the adjusted mean radiant temperature.g. The PMV adjusted for elevated average air s

41、peed is calcu-lated using the following inputs:1. Adjusted average air temperature from Step (f)2. Adjusted mean radiant temperature from Step (f)23. Average air speed (Va) of 0.150.1 m/s (3020 fpm)34. Original relative humidity4. Original mean radiant temperature ( )5. Original clo value6. Original

42、 met rate.C2. CALCULATION PROCEDUREThe following is a formal description of this process that canbe automated.Suppose tais the average air temperature and elevis theelevated average air speed such that elev 0.150.1 m/s (30 20fpm). Let still= 0.150.1 m/s (3020 fpm). Consider functionsPMV and SET, whi

43、ch take six parameters, which we willdenote with the shorthand PMV (.,*) and SET (.,*). The vari-ables of importance will be listed explicitly, while the param-eters that are invariant will be denoted with the “*” shorthand.The variables we will refer to explicitly are the average airtemperature (ta

44、), mean radiant temperature (tr), average airspeed (Va), and relative humidity (RH).To define the adjusted average air temperature tadjTodefine the cooling effect, CE, we assert that it satisfies the fol-lowing:(C-1)Revise Section 5.3.3.4 as shown.Delete Section 5.3.4.3 as shown.Revise Normative App

45、endix C, Sections C1 and C2, asshown. The remainder of Appendix C is unchanged.trtrSET tdbelev*SET tadjstill*= ASHRAE (www.ashrae.org). For personal use only. Additional reproduction, distribution, or transmission in either print or digital form is not permitted without ASHRAEs prior written permiss

46、ion.4 ANSI/ASHRAE Addendum d to ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 55-2013(C-1)That is, the adjusted average air temperature yields thesame SET given still air as the actual air temperature does atelevated average air speed. In order to determine tadjthe cool-ing effect, an iterative root-finding method, such as

47、the bisec-tion or secant method, may be employed. The root of theparameterized function f(t) f(ce) is the cooling effect (CE).satisfies the definition of tadj:(C-2)(C-2)The adjusted PMV is given by(C-3)(C-3)Note: For the use of SET in ASHRAE Standard 55, thefunction for self-generated air speed as a

48、 function of met ratehas been removed.H3. DRAFTDraft is unwanted local cooling of the body caused by airmovement. It is most prevalent when the whole body thermalsensation is cool (below neutral). Draft sensation depends onthe air speed, the air temperature, the activity, and the cloth-ing. Sensitiv

49、ity to draft is greatest where the skin is not cov-ered by clothing, especially the head region comprising thehead, neck, and shoulders and the leg region comprising theankles, feet, and legs.Use of elevated air speed to extend the thermal comfortrange is appropriate when occupants are slightly warm, as setforth in Section 5.3.3. When occupants are neutral to slightlycool, such as under certain combinations of met rate and clovalue with operative temperatures (to) below 22.523.0C(72.573.4F), average air speeds within the comfort envel