ASHRAE 55 ADD E-2015 Thermal Environmental Conditions for Human Occupancy.pdf

1、ANSI/ASHRAE Addendum e toANSI/ASHRAE Standard 55-2013Thermal EnvironmentalConditions for HumanOccupancyApproved by ASHRAE on May 29, 2015, and by the American National Standards Institute on June 1, 2015.This addendum was approved by a Standing Standard Project Committee (SSPC) for which the Standar

2、ds Committee has estab-lished a documented program for regular publication of addenda or revisions, including procedures for timely, documented, con-sensus action on requests for change to any part of the standard. The change submittal form, instructions, and deadlines may beobtained in electronic f

3、orm from the ASHRAE website (www.ashrae.org) or in paper form from the Senior Manager of Standards. The latest edition of an ASHRAE Standard may be purchased on the ASHRAE website (www.ashrae.org) or from ASHRAE Cus-tomer Service, 1791 Tullie Circle, NE, Atlanta, GA 30329-2305. E-mail: ordersashrae.

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5、ioning Engineers, Inc.ANSI is a registered trademark of the American National Standards Institute.SPECIAL NOTEThis American National Standard (ANS) is a national voluntary consensus Standard developed under the auspices of ASHRAE. Consensus is definedby the American National Standards Institute (ANS

6、I), of which ASHRAE is a member and which has approved this Standard as an ANS, as“substantial agreement reached by directly and materially affected interest categories. This signifies the concurrence of more than a simple majority,but not necessarily unanimity. Consensus requires that all views and

7、 objections be considered, and that an effort be made toward their resolution.”Compliance with this Standard is voluntary until and unless a legal jurisdiction makes compliance mandatory through legislation. ASHRAE obtains consensus through participation of its national and international members, as

8、sociated societies, and public review.ASHRAE Standards are prepared by a Project Committee appointed specifically for the purpose of writing the Standard. The ProjectCommittee Chair and Vice-Chair must be members of ASHRAE; while other committee members may or may not be ASHRAE members, allmust be t

9、echnically qualified in the subject area of the Standard. Every effort is made to balance the concerned interests on all Project Committees. The Senior Manager of Standards of ASHRAE should be contacted fora. interpretation of the contents of this Standard,b. participation in the next review of the

10、Standard,c. offering constructive criticism for improving the Standard, ord. permission to reprint portions of the Standard.DISCLAIMERASHRAE uses its best efforts to promulgate Standards and Guidelines for the benefit of the public in light of available information and acceptedindustry practices. Ho

11、wever, ASHRAE does not guarantee, certify, or assure the safety or performance of any products, components, or systemstested, installed, or operated in accordance with ASHRAEs Standards or Guidelines or that any tests conducted under its Standards or Guidelineswill be nonhazardous or free from risk.

12、ASHRAE INDUSTRIAL ADVERTISING POLICY ON STANDARDSASHRAE Standards and Guidelines are established to assist industry and the public by offering a uniform method of testing for rating purposes, bysuggesting safe practices in designing and installing equipment, by providing proper definitions of this e

13、quipment, and by providing other informationthat may serve to guide the industry. The creation of ASHRAE Standards and Guidelines is determined by the need for them, and conformanceto them is completely voluntary.In referring to this Standard or Guideline and in marking of equipment and in advertisi

14、ng, no claim shall be made, either stated or implied,that the product has been approved by ASHRAE.ASHRAE Standing Standard Project Committee 55Cognizant TC: 2.1, Physiology and Human EnvironmentSPLS Liaison: John F. DunlapGwelen Paliaga,* Chair Essam E. Khalil* Gail S. BragerLawrence J. Schoen,* Vic

15、e-Chair Michael P. ORourke* Richard de DearPeter F. Alspach,* Secretary Abhijeet Pande* Michael A. HumphreysEdward A. Arens* Zaccary A. Poots* Daniel Int-Hout, IIIRichard M. Aynsley* Julian Rimmer* Thomas LesserRobert Bean* Michael Tillou* Baizhan LiJosh Eddy* Stephen C. Turner* Rodrigo MoraThomas B

16、. Hartman* Atze Boerstra Stefano Schiavon* Denotes members of voting status when the document was approved for publicationASHRAE STANDARDS COMMITTEE 20142015Richard L. Hall, Chair James W. Earley, Jr. Mark P. ModeraDouglass T. Reindl, Vice-Chair Steven J. Emmerich Cyrus H. NasseriJoseph R. Anderson

17、Patricia T. Graef Heather L. PlattJames Dale Aswegan Rita M. Harrold Peter SimmondsCharles S. Barnaby Adam W. Hinge Wayne H. Stoppelmoor, Jr.Donald M. Brundage Srinivas Katipamula Jack H. ZarourJohn A. Clark Debra H. Kennoy Julia A. Keen, BOD ExOWaller S. Clements Malcolm D. Knight Bjarne Wilkens Ol

18、esen, CODavid R. Conover Rick A. LarsonJohn F. Dunlap Arsen K. MelkovStephanie C. Reiniche, Senior Manager of Standards ASHRAE (www.ashrae.org). For personal use only. Additional reproduction, distribution, or transmission in either print or digital form is not permitted without ASHRAEs prior writte

19、n permission.ANSI/ASHRAE Addendum e to ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 55-2013 1(This foreword is not part of this standard. It is merelyinformative and does not contain requirements necessaryfor conformance to the standard. It has not been pro-cessed according to the ANSI requirements for a standardand may co

20、ntain material that has not been subject topublic review or a consensus process. Unresolved objec-tors on informative material are not offered the right toappeal at ASHRAE or ANSI.)FOREWORDThis addendum removes permissive language foundthroughout the standard (excluding the title; Sections 1, 2, 3,a

21、nd 7; and all Informative Appendices). In doing so, valuesfor maximum differences of clothing level and metabolic ratebetween multiple occupants in a zone that allow averaginginto a single representative occupant were established at 0.1met and 0.15 clo. Reference Addendum b to Standard 55-2013that i

22、s available for free download on the ASHRAE website athttps:/www.ashrae.org/standards-research-technology/stan-dards-addenda.Note: In this addendum, changes to the current standardare indicated in the text by underlining (for additions) andstrikethrough (for deletions) unless the instructions specif

23、i-cally mention some other means of indicating the changes.4.1 WhenWhere information is required to be identified inthis standard, it shall be documented in accordance with andin addition to the requirements in Section 6.4.3 For each space type, at least one representative occupantshall be identifie

24、d. If any known set of occupants is excludedfrom consideration then these excluded occupants shall beidentified.Note: The customers in a restaurant may have a meta-bolic rate near 1.0 met, while the servers may have a meta-bolic rate closer to 2.0 met. Per Section 5.2.1.1, each of thesegroups of occ

25、upants shall be considered separately in deter-mining the conditions required for comfort. In some situa-tions such as this, it will not be possible to provide anacceptable level or the same level of comfort to all disparategroups of occupants.4.5 The thermal environment required for comfort is dete

26、r-mined according to in accordance with Section 5 of this stan-dard.5.2.1.1 Rate for Each Representative Occupant. Foreach representative occupant, determine the metabolic rateassociated with the occupants activities. Averaged metabolicrates shall not be used to represent multiple occupants withsign

27、ificantly different metabolic rates whose metabolic ratesdiffer by more than 0.1 met.Example: The customers in a restaurant may have a meta-bolic rate near 1.0 met, while the servers may have a met-abolic rate closer to 2.0 met. Each of these groups ofoccupants shall be considered separately in dete

28、rminingthe conditions required for comfort. In some situationssuch as this, it will not be possible to provide an accept-able level or the same level of comfort to all disparategroups of occupants.Note: For example, in an office setting, when comparingan occupant who is seated and reading at 1.0 met

29、 with anoccupant that is typing at 1.1 met, they can be grouped as asingle representative occupant. If the same seated occupant iscompared to an occupant who is seated and filing at 1.2 met,each shall be considered separately when determining theconditions required for thermal comfort.5.2.1.2 Rate D

30、etermination. Use one or a combinationof the following methods to determine metabolic rate:a. Use the data presented in Table 5.2.1.2 for the task mostcomparable to the activity of the representative occupant.Where a range is given, select a single value within thatrange based on the characteristics

31、 of the activity.a. Metabolic rates for typical occupant activity types givenin Table 5.2.1.2 shall be used to describe the representa-tive occupant. Where a range is given, select a singlevalue within that range based on characteristics of theactivity. If a proposed occupant activity type is not li

32、stedin Table 5.2.1.2, the most similar activity type based oncharacteristics of the activity shall be used.5.2.1.3 Time-Weighted Averaging. Use a time-weightedaverage metabolic rate for individuals with activities thatvary. Such averaging shall not be applied when where anactivity persists for more

33、than one hour. In that case, two dis-tinct metabolic rates shall be used.Note: For example, Example: a person who spends 30minutes out of each hour “lifting/packing,” 15 minutes “fil-ing, standing,” and 15 minutes “walking about” has an aver-age metabolic rate of 0.50 2.1 + 0.25 1.4 + 0.25 1.7 =1.8

34、met. However, a person who is engaged in “lifting/pack-ing” for more than one hour and then “filing, standing” formore than one hour shall be treated as having two distinctmetabolic rates per Section 5.2.1.1.5.2.2.1.2 Averaged clothing insulation (Icl) shall not beused to represent multiple occupant

35、s with significantly differ-ent clothing insulation whose clothing insulation differs bymore than 0.15 clo.Addendum e to Standard 55-2013Revise Section 4.1 as follows.Move the current example from Section 5.2.1.1 into Section4.3 as follows.Modify Section 4.5 as follows.Modify Section 5.2.1.1 as foll

36、ows (the example is moved toSection 4.3 as noted above).Modify Section 5.2.1.2 as shown below. The remainder ofSection 5.2.1.2 is unchanged.Modify Section 5.2.1.3 as follows.Modify Section 5.2.2.1.2 as follows. ASHRAE (www.ashrae.org). For personal use only. Additional reproduction, distribution, or

37、 transmission in either print or digital form is not permitted without ASHRAEs prior written permission.2 ANSI/ASHRAE Addendum e to ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 55-20135.2.2.2 Insulation Determination. Use one or a combi-nation of the following methods to determine clothing insula-tion (Icl):a. Use the data

38、 presented in Table 5.2.2.2A for the expectedensemble of each representative occupant.b. Add or subtract the insulation (Iclu) of individual garmentsin Table 5.2.2.2B from the ensembles in Table 5.2.2.2A todetermine the insulation of ensembles not listed.c. Determine a complete clothing ensemble usi

39、ng the sum ofthe individual values listed for each item of clothing in theensemble in Table 5.2.2.2B.d. It is permitted, but not required, to adjust any of the aboveprevious methods for seated occupants using Table5.2.2.2C.e. For moving occupants, it is permitted but not required toadjust any of the

40、 above previous methods using the fol-lowing formula:Icl, active= Icl (0.6 + 0.4/M)1.2 met 0.20 (40) All 1.0 to 2.0 0 to 1.5Section 5.3.3, “Elevated Air Speed Comfort ZoneMethod”Modify Section 5.2.2.2 as follows.Modify Section 5.3 as follows.Modify Section 5.3.3 as follows.Modify Section 5.3.3.3 as

41、follows.Modify Section 5.3.3.4 as follows. (Note: The text shownhere reflects changes made by proposed Addendum d to thestandard.) ASHRAE (www.ashrae.org). For personal use only. Additional reproduction, distribution, or transmission in either print or digital form is not permitted without ASHRAEs p

42、rior written permission.ANSI/ASHRAE Addendum e to ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 55-2013 3V = 50.49 4.4047 ta+ 0.096425(ta)2(m/s, C)V = 31375.7 857.295 ta+ 5.86288(ta)2(fpm, F)c. For operative temperatures (to) below 23.0C (73.4F), thelimit to average air speed (Va) shall be 0.2 m/s (40 fpm).Exceptions to Sec

43、tion 5.3.3.4(c):1. Representative occupants with clothing insulation (Icl)greater than 0.7 clo2. Representative occupants with metabolic rates above1.3 metNote: These limits are shown by the light gray area inFigure 5.3.3A.5.3.4.3 Draft. At operative temperatures (to) below22.5C (72.5F), average air

44、 speed (Va) caused by the build-ing, its fenestration, and its HVAC system shall not exceed0.20 m/s (40 fpm). This limit does not require considerationdetermination of air movement produced by office equipmentor occupants.Exception: Higher average air speeds (Va) that are per-mitted by Section 5.3.3

45、5.3.5.1 Applicability. The fluctuation requirements ofthis section shall be met when they are not under the directcontrol of the individual occupant (e.g., cycling from thermo-static control).5.3.5.3 Drifts or Ramps. Monotonic, noncyclic changesin operative temperature (to) and cyclic variations wit

46、h aperiod greater than 15 minutes shall not exceed the mostrestrictive requirements from Table 5.3.5.3.Note: For example, the operative temperature may shallnot change more than 2.2C (4.0F) during a 1.0 h period, andit also may not change more than 1.1C (2.0F) during any0.25 h period within that 1.0

47、 h period.5.4.2.1.1 It shall be based on no fewer than seven 7 andno more than 30 sequential days prior to the day in question.6.2 Documentation. The method and design conditionsappropriate for the intended use of the building shall beselected and documented as follows.Note: Some of the requirements

48、 in items (a) through (g)below may not be are not applicable to naturally conditionedbuildings.Modify Section 5.3.4.3 as follows. (Note that Section 5.3.4.3was deleted in proposed Addendum d, so this proposedchange is irrelevant if Addendum d is approved.)Modify Section 5.3.5.1 as follows.Modify Sec

49、tion 5.3.5.3 as follows.Modify Section 5.4.2.1.1 as follows.Modify the first note in Section 6.2 as shown below. Theremainder of Section 6.2 in unchanged. ASHRAE (www.ashrae.org). For personal use only. Additional reproduction, distribution, or transmission in either print or digital form is not permitted without ASHRAEs prior written permission. ASHRAE (www.ashrae.org). For personal use only. Additional reproduction, distribution, or transmission in either print or digital form is not permitted without ASHRAEs prior written permission.POLIC