ASA S12 10 PART 1-2010 American National Standard Acoustics - Measurement of Airborne Noise Emitted by Information Technology and Telecommunications Equipment - Part 1 Determinatio.pdf

1、ANSI/ASA S12.10-2010/Part 1 (Revision of ANSI/ASA S12.10-2002/ISO 7779-1999 (R2007) AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Acoustics - Measurement of Airborne Noise Emitted by Information Technology and Telecommunications Equipment - Part 1: Determination of Sound Power Level and Emission Sound Pressure Level S

2、ecretariat: Acoustical Society of America Approved October 6, 2010 by: American National Standards Institute, Inc. Abstract This Standard specifies methods for the measurement of airborne noise emitted by information technology and telecommunications equipment. Hitherto, a wide variety of methods ha

3、ve been applied by individual manufacturers and users to satisfy particular equipment or application needs. These diverse practices have, in many cases, made comparison of noise emission difficult. This Standard simplifies such comparisons and is the basis for the declaration of the noise emission l

4、evels of information technology and telecommunications equipment. This Standard is technically identical to parts of ECMA-74. AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDS ON ACOUSTICS The Acoustical Society of America (ASA) provides the Secretariat for Accredited Standards Committees S1 on Acoustics, S2 on Mechanica

5、l Vibration and Shock, S3 on Bioacoustics, S3/SC 1 on Animal Bioacoustics, and S12 on Noise. These committees have wide representation from the technical community (manufacturers, consumers, trade associations, organizations with a general interest, and government representatives). The standards are

6、 published by the Acoustical Society of America as American National Standards after approval by their respective Standards Committees and the American National Standards Institute (ANSI). These standards are developed and published as a public service to provide standards useful to the public, indu

7、stry, and consumers, and to Federal, State, and local governments. Each of the Accredited Standards Committees (operating in accordance with procedures approved by ANSI) is responsible for developing, voting upon, and maintaining or revising its own Standards. The ASA Standards Secretariat administe

8、rs Committee organization and activity and provides liaison between the Accredited Standards Committees and ANSI. After the Standards have been produced and adopted by the Accredited Standards Committees, and approved as American National Standards by ANSI, the ASA Standards Secretariat arranges for

9、 their publication and distribution. An American National Standard implies a consensus of those substantially concerned with its scope and provisions. Consensus is established when, in the judgment of the ANSI Board of Standards Review, substantial agreement has been reached by directly and material

10、ly affected interests. Substantial agreement means much more than a simple majority, but not necessarily unanimity. Consensus requires that all views and objections be considered and that a concerted effort be made towards their resolution. The use of an American National Standard is completely volu

11、ntary. Their existence does not in any respect preclude anyone, whether he or she has approved the Standards or not, from manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or using products, processes, or procedures not conforming to the Standards. NOTICE: This American National Standard may be revised or withd

12、rawn at any time. The procedures of the American National Standards Institute require that action be taken periodically to reaffirm, revise, or withdraw this Standard. Acoustical Society of America ASA Secretariat 35 Pinelawn Road, Suite 114E Melville, New York 11747-3177 Telephone: 1 (631) 390-0215

13、 Fax: 1 (631) 390-0217 E-mail: asastdsaip.org 2010 by Acoustical Society of America. This standard may not be reproduced in whole or in part in any form for sale, promotion, or any commercial purpose, or any purpose not falling within the provisions of the U.S. Copyright Act of 1976, without prior w

14、ritten permission of the publisher. For permission, address a request to the Standards Secretariat of the Acoustical Society of America. Acoustical Society of America 2010 All rights reserved iContents 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references . 2 3 Terms and definitions . 3 3.1 General definitions 3 3.2 A

15、coustical definitions . 5 4 Conformance requirements 6 5 Installation and operating conditions 6 5.1 Equipment installation . 6 5.2 Input voltage and frequency 8 5.3 Equipment operation . 9 6 Method for determining sound power levels of equipment in reverberation test rooms 10 6.1 General . 10 6.2 M

16、easurement uncertainty . 10 6.3 Test environment 11 6.4 Instrumentation . 11 6.5 Installation and operation of equipment: General requirements . 12 6.6 Microphone positions and source locations 12 6.7 Measurement of sound pressure level 13 6.8 Measurement of the sound pressure level of the reference

17、 sound source . 13 6.9 Calculation of mean time-averaged band sound pressure level . 14 6.10 Determination of sound power level 14 7 Method for determining sound power levels of equipment under essentially free-field conditions over a reflecting plane . 16 7.1 General . 16 7.2 Measurement uncertaint

18、y . 17 7.3 Test environment 17 7.4 Instrumentation . 18 7.5 Installation and operation of equipment: General requirements . 19 7.6 Measurement surface and microphone positions . 19 7.7 Measurement of sound pressure levels 20 7.8 Calculation of surface sound pressure level . 21 7.9 Determination of s

19、ound power levels 21 8 Method for determining emission sound pressure levels at defined operator and bystander positions . 22 8.1 General . 22 8.2 Measurement uncertainty . 22 8.3 Test environment 23 8.4 Instrumentation . 24 8.5 Installation and operation of equipment 24 8.6 Microphone positions 24

20、8.7 Measurement of sound pressure levels 26 8.8 Determination of emission sound pressure levels 27 Acoustical Society of America 2010 All rights reserved ii 9 Information to be recorded and reported . 29 9.1 Information to be recorded 29 9.2 Test report . 34 Annex A (normative) Test accessories . 36

21、 A.1 Standard test table 36 A.2 Typing robot 37 Annex B (normative) Measurement surfaces . 40 B.1 Hemispherical measurement surface . 40 B.2 Cylindrical measurement surface . 41 Annex C (normative) Installation and operating conditions for specific equipment categories 45 C.1 General . 45 Annex D (i

22、nformative) Identification and evaluation of prominent discrete tones 46 D.1 Field of application 46 D.2 Background . 46 D.3 Microphone position(s) 47 D.4 Instrumentation . 47 D.5 Initial screening tests 48 D.6 Discrete tones and noise emissions near the threshold of hearing 49 D.7 Critical bandwidt

23、hs 51 D.8 Tone-to-noise ratio method . 52 D.9 Prominence ratio method 57 D.10 Information to be recorded for prominent discrete tones 62 Annex E (informative) Detection of impulsive sound 64 E.1 General . 64 E.2 Instruments . 64 E.3 Microphone position 64 E.4 Measurement procedure . 65 E.5 Test reco

24、rd for impulsive sound pressure levels 65 Bibliography . 66 Figures Figure 1 Examples of microphone positions for standing and seated operators . 25 Figure A.1 Standard test table 36 Figure A.2 Solenoid characteristics for a plunger stroke of 4 mm 38 Figure A.3 Solenoid cross section 38 Figure A.4 I

25、ndividual steps of the solenoid operation . 39 Figure B.1 Example 1: Illustration of the cylindrical measurement surface and cylindrical microphone array showing the arrangement using 6 side microphones and 3 top microphones . 42 Acoustical Society of America 2010 All rights reserved iiiFigure B.2 E

26、xample 2: Illustration of the cylindrical measurement surface and microphone array showing an arrangement using 5 side microphones and 4 top microphones 44 Figure D.1 The Lower Threshold of Hearing (LTH) and the LTH + 10 dB curves illustrated for the analysis of low-level tones 50 Figure D.2 Tone-to

27、-noise ratio method applied to a single tone in a critical band . 56 Figure D.3 Tone-to-noise ratio method applied to multiple tones in a critical band 57 Figure D.4 Illustration of the prominence ratio method for prominent discrete tone identification . 62 Figure D.5 Criteria for prominence for bot

28、h tone-to-noise ratio (D.8.5) and prominence ratio (D.9.6) as a function of frequency 63 Tables Table 1 Uncertainty in determining sound power levels in a reverberation test room according to Clause 6 of this Standard . 10 Table 2 Identification number k for octave bands . 15 Table 3 Values of A-wei

29、ghting, Aj, for one-third-octave bands . 15 Table 4 Type of noise and determination of sound power levels . 16 Table 5 Uncertainty in determining sound power levels in a free field over a reflecting plane according to Clause 7 of this Standard 17 Table 6 Uncertainty in determining emission sound pre

30、ssure level at the operator and bystander positions in an essentially free field over a reflecting plane according to Clause 8 of this Standard23 Table B.1 Coordinates of microphone positions for equipment emitting discrete tones 40 Table D.1 Parameters for calculation of P1. 50 Table D.2 Parameters

31、 for calculation of f1,L59 Table D.3 Parameters for calculation of f2,U60 Acoustical Society of America 2010 All rights reserved iv Foreword This Foreword is for information only and is not a part of the American National Standard ANSI/ASA S12.10-2010/Part 1 American National Standard Acoustics Meas

32、urement of airborne noise emitted by information technology and telecommunications equipment - Part 1: Determination of Sound Power Level and Emission Sound Pressure Level. This standard comprises a part of a group of definitions, standards, and specifications for use in noise. It was developed and

33、approved by Accredited Standards Committee S12 Noise, under its approved operating procedures. Those procedures have been accredited by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI). The Scope of Accredited Standards Committee S12 is as follows: Standards, specifications, and terminology in the f

34、ield of acoustical noise pertaining to methods of measurement, evaluation, and control, including biological safety, tolerance, and comfort, and physical acoustics as related to environmental and occupational noise. This standard revises and replaces ANSI/ASA S12.10-2002/ISO 7779:1999. This document

35、 adopts, with permission, parts of the 10thEdition of ECMA-74 (2008). ECMA-74 is also the underlying document for ISO 7779 and it is anticipated that the next edition of ISO 7779 will be essentially identical to the 10thEdition of ECMA-74 (2008). Changes from ANSI/ASA S12.10-2002/ISO 7779:1999 inclu

36、de the following: Changes were made to the main body of this Standard to be consistent with ECMA-74, which was revised to correspond with upcoming changes in the underlying standards: ANSI/ASA S12.51 / ISO 3741, ANSI/ASA S12.54 / ISO 3744, ANSI/ASA S12.55 / ISO 3745 and ISO 11201. A revised Annex B

37、includes a provision allowing the use of a 0.5 m radius hemispherical surface for measuring the sound power emitted by small noise sources such as disk drives. Annex B also allows the use of a cylindrical measurement surface and follows wording in ANSI/ASA S12.54 / ISO 3744. Annex C was modified to

38、reference the latest version of ECMA-74 for details of modes of operation and installation of specific product types, which is contained in Annex C of the 10thEdition of ECMA-74 (2008). A revised Annex D includes prominence ratio in addition to tone-to-noise ratio, provides improved figures illustra

39、ting the tone-to-noise and prominence ratio calculations, and contains new criteria for prominent discrete tones. The new criteria are a result of a 3-year study by ECMA TC26 and ITI TC6. Changes were also made in part to better define the critical band edges, including changing from geometric criti

40、cal bands to arithmetic critical bands for frequencies below 500 Hz. Also, curves were fitted to the band edges for the lower and upper critical bands when calculating prominence ratio, thus eliminating the need to use iteration for the calculations. Clarifications were added on frequency range of i

41、nterest and elsewhere. Annex D was also revised to give clearer direction on determining the prominence of tones as well as introducing the concept of threshold of hearing when analyzing very low-noise equipment. Acoustical Society of America 2010 All rights reserved vAt the time this Standard was s

42、ubmitted to Accredited Standards Committee S12, Noise, for approval, the membership was as follows: W.J. Murphy, Chair R.D. Hellweg, Vice-Chair S.B. Blaeser, Secretary 3M Occupational Health and Environmental Safety Division E.H. Berger Acoustical Society of America R.D. Hellweg D. Lubman (Alt.) Air

43、-Conditioning, Heating and Refrigeration Institute S. Lind D. Abbate (Alt.) Air Movement and Control Association, Inc. J.A. Brooks M. Stevens (Alt.) Alcoa Inc. . W.D. Gallagher American Academy of Audiology D. Ostergren S. Gordon-Salant (Alt.) American Academy of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery

44、 R.A. Dobie L.A. Michael (Alt.) American Industrial Hygiene Association . D. Driscoll . S.N. Hacker (Alt.) American Speech-Language-Hearing Association . L.A. Wilber . V. Gladstone (Alt.) Caterpillar, Inc. . K.G. Meitl Compressed Air and Gas Institute R.C. Johnson . D.R. Bookshar (Alt.) Council for

45、Accreditation in Occupational Hearing Conservation . Vacant .L.D. Hager (Alt.) Emerson Electric Copeland Corporation A.T. Herfat G. Williamson (Alt.) ETSLindgren Acoustic Systems . D. Winker M. Black (Alt.) ExxonMobil . B. Moulton A. Ratliff (Alt.) G.R.A.S. Sound FAX: 631-390-0217; E-mail: asastdsai

46、p.org. Acoustical Society of America 2010 All rights reserved viii Introduction ANSI/ASA S12.10-2010/Part 1 specifies methods for the measurement of airborne noise emitted by information technology and telecommunications equipment. Hitherto, a wide variety of methods have been applied by individual

47、manufacturers and users to satisfy particular equipment or application needs. These diverse practices have, in many cases, made comparison of noise emission difficult. This Standard simplifies such comparisons and is the basis for declaration of the noise emission level of information technology and

48、 telecommunications equipment. In order to ensure accuracy, validity and acceptability, this Standard is based on the basic Standards for determining the sound power level and for determining the emission sound pressure level at the operator position(s) and bystander position(s). Furthermore, implem

49、entation is simplified by conformance with these International Standards. In many cases free-field conditions over a reflecting plane are realized by hemi-anechoic rooms. These rooms may be particularly useful during product design to locate and to improve individual contributing noise sources. Reverberation test rooms may be more economical for production control and for obtaining sound power levels for noise emission declaration purposes. The method for measuring the emission sound pressure level at the oper