ASA S12 19-1996 American National Standard Measurement of Occupational Noise Exposure《职业性噪声接触测量》.pdf

1、AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDMEASUREMENT OF OCCUPATIONALNOISE EXPOSUREAccredited Standards Committee S12, NoiseStandards SecretariatAcoustical Society of America120 Wall Street, 32nd FloorNew York, New York 10005-3993ANSI S12.19-1996ANSIS12.19-1996The American National Standards Institute, Inc. (ANSI)

2、is the na-tional coordinator of voluntary standards development and the clear-ing house in the U.S. for information on national and internationalstandards.The Acoustical Society of America (ASA) is an organization of sci-entists and engineers formed in 1929 to increase and diffuse theknowledge of ac

3、oustics and to promote its practical applications.AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDMeasurement of Occupational Noise ExposureSecretariatAcoustical Society of AmericaApproved 29 March 1996American National Standards Institute, Inc.ABSTRACTThe standard presents methods that can be used to measure a persons n

4、oise exposure received in a workplace. The methods have been developed to provide uniform procedures and repeatable results for themeasurement of occupational noise exposure.ANSI S12.19-1996AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDS ON ACOUSTICSThe Acoustical Society of America (ASA) provides the Secretariat for A

5、ccreditedStandards Committees S1 on Acoustics, S2 on Mechanical Vibration and Shock,S3 on Bioacoustics, and S12 on Noise. These Committees have wide represen-tation from the technical community (manufacturers, consumers, and general-interest representatives). The Standards are published by the Acous

6、tical Societyof America through the American Institute of Physics as American National Stan-dards after approval by their respective Standards Committees and the AmericanNational Standards Institute.These Standards are developed and published as a public service to provideStandards useful to the pub

7、lic, industry, and consumers, and to Federal, State,and local governments.Each of the accredited Standards Committees operating in accordance with pro-cedures approved by American National Standards Institute (ANSI) is responsiblefor developing, voting upon, and maintaining or revising its own Stand

8、ards. TheASA Standards Secretariat administers Committee organization and activity andprovides liaison between the Accredited Standards Committees and ANSI. Afterthe Standards have been produced and adopted by the Accredited StandardsCommittees, and approved as American National Standards by ANSI, t

9、he ASAStandards Secretariat arranges for their publication and distribution.An American National Standard implies a consensus of those substantially con-cerned with its scope and provisions. Consensus is established when, in thejudgment of the ANSI Board of Standards Review, substantial agreement ha

10、sbeen reached by directly and materially affected interests. Substantial agreementmeans much more than a simple majority, but not necessarily unanimity. Consen-sus requires that all views and objections be considered and that a concertedeffort be made towards their resolution.The use of an American

11、National Standard is completely voluntary. Their existencedoes not in any respect preclude anyone, whether he or she has approved theStandards or not, from manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or using products,processes, or procedures not conforming to the Standards.NOTICE: This American National

12、Standard may be revised or withdrawn at anytime. The procedures of the American National Standards Institute require thataction be taken periodically to reaffirm, revise, or withdraw this Standard.Standards SecretariatAcoustical Society of America120 Wall Street, 32nd FloorNew York, New York 10005-3

13、993Telephone: 1 (212) 248-0373Telefax: 1 (212) 248-0146 1996 by Acoustical Society of America. This standard may not be reproduced in whole orin part in any form for sale, promotion, or any commercial purpose, or any purpose notfalling within the provisions of the Copyright Act of 1976, without prio

14、r written permission ofthe publisher. For permission, address a request to the Standards Secretariat of the Acous-tical Society of America.ContentsForeword . iii1 Scope 12 Definitions and symbols . 13 Reference publications . 34 Instrumentation 34.1 Instrument description 34.2 Instrument calibration

15、 . 44.3 Battery check 44.4 Instrument accessories . 45 Measurement conditions 45.1 Acoustical environment . 45.2 Measurement of activities . 45.3 Operational variations 46 Procedures 46.1 Measurement of noise exposure . 46.2 Selection of measurement instrumentation 46.3 Using a sound level meter 56.

16、4 Using a noise dosimeter 56.5 Using an integrating sound level meter . 67 Documentation and reporting 77.1 Written report 77.2 Conclusion 7AnnexesAnnex A Noise exposure calculations . 8Annex B Guidelines on employee involvement in a noise exposuremeasurement . 11Annex C Radio frequency interference

17、 (RFI) with reported sound pressurelevels 11iForewordThis Foreword is not part of ANSI S12.19-1996 American National Standard Method for theMeasurement of Occupational Noise Exposure.This standard was developed using the American National Standards Institute (ANSI)Accredited Standards Committee Proc

18、edure under the Secretariat of the AcousticalSociety of America.Accredited Standards Committee S12, Noise, under whose jurisdiction this standardwas developed, has the following scope:Standards, specifications, and terminology in the field of acoustic noise pertain-ing to methods of measurement, eva

19、luation, and control; including biologicalsafety, tolerance and comfort, and physical acoustics as related to environmentaland occupational noise.At the time this standard was submitted to Accredited Standards Committee S12 forapproval, the membership was as follows:D. L. Johnson, ChairP. D. Schomer

20、, Vice ChairA. Brenig, SecretaryAcoustical Society of America . D.L.JohnsonW. J. Galloway (Alt.)Acoustical Systems, Inc. R.GoodwinR. Seitz (Alt.)Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Institute S.WangG. Acton (Alt.)Aluminum Company of American ALCOA . S.I.RothAmerican Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and

21、Neck Surgery, Inc. . L.A.MichaelAmerican College of Occupational Medicine P.J.BrownsonJ. Sataloff (Alt.)American Industrial Hygiene Association. L.H.RoysterJ. F. Meagher (Alt.)American Otological Society. R.F.NauntonAmerican Society of Heating, Refrigeration, and Air-ConditioningEngineers ASHRAE . H

22、.S.PeiJ. L. Heldenbrand (Alt.)American Speech-Language-Hearing Association . R.F.BurkardAudio Engineering Society, Inc. M.R.ChialBruel and Kjaer Instruments, Inc. E.SchonthalCompressed Air and Gas Institute CAGI J.H.AddingtonComputer and Business Equipment Manufacturers Association . R.LotzW. F. Han

23、rahan (Alt.)Council for Accreditation Occupational Hearing Conservation . W.MonkD. Driscoll (Alt.)Industrial Safety Equipment Association . J.BirknerW. J. Erny (Alt.)Larson-Davis Laboratories. R.AndersonL. Davis (Alt.)National Council of Acoustical Consultants. J.ErdreichR. L. Richards (Alt.)iiiNati

24、onal Electrical Manufacturers Association NEMA D.RawlingsNational Hearing Conservation Association. J.FranksE. H. Berger (Alt.)Naval Surface Warfare Center D.J.VendittisPower Tool Institute, Inc. . R.J.CallahanD. Kellar (Alt.)U. S. Army Aeromedical Research Laboratory B.MozoJ. H. Patterson (Alt.)U.

25、S. Army Construction Engineering Laboratory USA-CERL . P.D.SchomerM. White (Alt.)U. S. Army Human Engineering Laboratory . G.R.PriceJ. Kalb (Alt.)U. S. Department of the Air Force R.L.McKinleyU. S. Department of the Army, Walter Reed Army Medical Center R.M.AtackU. S. Department of the Navy, Bureau

26、of Medicine and Surgery J.PageL. Marshall (Alt.)Individual experts of Accredited Standards Committee S12, Noise, were:P. K. BaadeR. G. BartheldR. W. BensonL. BeranekE. H. BergerK. M. EldredR. S. GalesW. J. GallowayR. GuernseyR. K. HillquistD. L. JohnsonW. W. LangL. LuttrellG. C. Maling, Jr.A. H. Mar

27、shL. H. RoysterH. E. von GierkeL. WilberG WinzerG. S. K. WongR. W. YoungWorking Group S12/WG19, Measurement of Occupational Noise Exposure, whichassisted Accredited Standards Committee S12, Noise, in the development of thisstandard, had the following membership:John Barry, ChairmanRichard Goodwin, C

28、o-chairmanJohn EarshenStephen RothCarl BohlMichael ValoskiEdwin ToothmanTerrence DearThomas MillerWilliam R. ThorntonSuggestions for improvement of this standard will be welcomed. They should be sentto Accredited Standards Committee S12, Noise, in care of the ASA Standards Sec-retariat, Acoustical S

29、ociety of America, 120 Wall Street, 32nd Floor, New York, NY10005-3993, USA. Telephone: 1 (212) 248-0373; FAX: 1 (212) 248-0146.ivAMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD ANSI S12.19-1996American National StandardMeasurement ofOccupational NoiseExposure1 Scope1.1This Standard provides procedures for the mea-surem

30、ent of occupational noise exposure. The userof this Standard should be proficient, or under thedirection of one who is proficient in noise measure-ment.1.2This Standard provides procedures for measuringthe occupational noise exposure from all types ofnoise, e.g., continuous, fluctuating, intermitten

31、tand/or impulse/impact. Measurements may be re-ported as sound level with corresponding duration,time-weighted average sound level and/or noisedose.1.3This Standard provides for the measurement of thenoise exposure of individuals and can be extendedto representative groups performing similar activi-

32、ties. It can also be used to measure the noise ex-posure from a given job or activity.1.4This Standard does not provide procedures for themeasurement of occupational noise exposure attrib-utable to the use of earphones or telephone receiv-ers.2 Definitions and symbolsSome definitions and symbols con

33、tained in thisdocument are unique to this Standard. Standardacoustical terminology defined in ANSI S1.1-1994and other applicable Standards are not redefined inthis document.Action level. A specified value, which when a mea-sured sound level or exposure equals or exceedsthat value, certain actions ar

34、e required.Activity. Unique elements of an employees work-shift that represent different noise exposure condi-tions during the work shift. All activities are com-prised of one or more work tasks and/or events thatcan be definitely recognized and have specific be-ginning and ending points.Activity du

35、ration. The activity duration is the dura-tion of an activity duty cycle multiplied by the num-ber of times the activity occurs per workday.Activity duty cycle. The length of time required forall of the tasks comprising an activity to occur atleast once and in proportion to their occurrencerelative

36、to other tasks associated with the activity.Allowed Exposure Time Ti. Based on a specifiedcriterion sound level (LC), criterion duration (TC)and exchange rate (Q), this is the allowed time ofexposure at a given constant A-weighted soundlevel (Li). The relation is:Ti5TC2Li2LC/QAverage daily work shif

37、t. If an employee workslonger than a normal work shift, and the longerwork shift is not a regularly scheduled occurrence,the average hours worked per day, based on aweek, month, etc. time period (holidays and vaca-tion excluded), may be used to determine the aver-age daily work shift.Average sound l

38、evel Lavg. The logarithmic aver-age sound level, using applicable exchange rate,during a measurement duration. Exposure to suchan average level for the measurement durationwould produce the same dose as the measureddose.Criterion duration TC . The duration in hoursused as a basis for determination o

39、f noise expo-sure. Most common criterion duration is 8-hours.Criterion sound level LC . That constant soundlevel in decibels (dB), which, if it continues for thecriterion duration, would provide 100% of an em-ployees allowable noise exposure.Exchange rate Q . The change in sound level cor-responding

40、 to a doubling or halving of the durationof sound level that is considered to result in anequivalent amount of noise exposure.Eight-hour time-weighted average sound levelLTWA 8 . The A-weighted constant sound level thatwould, in eight hours, expose a person to the samenoise dose as did the actual ti

41、me-varying sound1 1996 Acoustical Society of Americalevel. The criterion duration (TC) is the one mostcommonly used. The relation to noise dose (D)based on 8 hours criterion duration (TC) for a speci-fied exchange rate (Q) is:LTWA(8)5LC1Qlog10(2)log10SD100DGroup. Employees who work in similar jobs a

42、nd areexpected to have a similar noise exposure.Hearing zone. A location at a specific work areawhere the measurements are indicative of the noiseexposure received by employees occupying saidworkstation during performance of their assignedJob Function. For work area exposures that involvea dominant

43、source, care must be taken that theline-of-sight between the measuring instrumentmicrophone and the sound source is not obstructedby the employees body or other shielding objects.For measurements very close to a sound source,the microphone location and orientation shall beprecisely stated in the sur

44、vey report. When theworker is not present, the microphone locationshould be in the position of the head of the workerwhile performing the task under consideration.When the worker is present, the microphone shouldbe located, when practical, approximately 0.1 meterfrom the entrance of the external can

45、al of the earreceiving the higher sound level. All microphone lo-cations utilized in this Standard shall be outside anypersonal hearing protection device.Job classification. A general classification relatedto skills as used by employee relations/payroll, etc.(Mechanic, Electrician, Machine Repair, M

46、achineOperation, Quality Operator, etc.)Job function. A specific set of work activities rou-tinely performed by an employee with a certain JobClassification. A completely developed job functionconsists of the title, a list of job activities, and asso-ciated noise exposure information necessary to fu

47、llydescribe the noise exposure.Maximum sound level Lafmx. Greatest fast (125ms) A-weighted sound level, within a stated timeinterval. Alternatively, slow (1000 ms) time weight-ing and C frequency weighting may be specified.Unit, decibel (dB); abbreviation, MXSA; symbol,Lasmx(or C and S).Measurement

48、duration T . The time required for asingle measurement to be performed. The mea-surement duration shall be sufficiently long for theresulting time-average sound level to be represen-tative of the tasks(s).Noise dose D . A measure of the noise exposureexpressed as a percentage. This is based on speci

49、-fied exchange rate, criterion level, and criterion du-ration. It is defined as one hundred times the sum-mation of the ratios of the actual time of exposure toa given A-weighted sound pressure level to the al-lowed time at that level.For exposure to a constant A-weighted sound level(Li) and a measurement duration (T), the noise dosevalue is dependent on chosen exchange rate (Q),criterion sound level (LC), and criterion duration(TC) by:D5S100 TTCD2Li-LC/Q5S100 TTCD10Li-LClog102/QNOTEWhen a threshold level is stipulated, the noisedose value is zero whenever the sound