ASA S12 9 PART 1-2013 American National Standard Quantities and Procedures for Description and Measurement of Environmental Sound C Part 1 Basic Quantities and Definitions.pdf

1、 ANSI/ASA S12.9-2013/Part 1 AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Quantities and Procedures for Description and Measurement of Environmental Sound Part 1: Basic Quantities and Definitions Accredited Standards Committee S12, Noise Standards Secretariat Acoustical Society of America 35 Pinelawn Road, Suite 114 E

2、 Melville, NY 11747-3177ANSI/ASA S12.9-2013/Part 1The American National Standards Institute, Inc. (ANSI) is the national coordinator of voluntary standards development and the clearinghouse in the U.S.A. for information on national and international standards. The Acoustical Society of America (ASA)

3、 is an organization of scientists and engineers formed in 1929 to increase and diffuse the knowledge of acoustics and to promote its practical applications. ANSI/ASA S12.9-2013/Part 1 (Revision of ANSI S12.9-1988/Part 1) AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Quantities and Procedures for Description and Measur

4、ement of Environmental Sound - Part 1: Basic Quantities and Definitions Secretariat: Acoustical Society of America Approved on February 27, 2013, by: American National Standards Institute, Inc. Abstract This standard provides basic quantities for description of sound in community environments and ge

5、neral procedures for measurement of these quantities. Based on these quantities and procedures, compliance limits of sound may be specified by cognizant authorities and conformance with the limits controlled for purposes of environmental assessment, regulation, and land use planning. AMERICAN NATION

6、AL STANDARDS ON NOISE The Acoustical Society of America (ASA) provides the Secretariat for Accredited Standards Committees S1 on Acoustics, S2 on Mechanical Vibration and Shock, S3 on Bioacoustics, S3/SC 1 on Animal Bioacoustics, and S12 on Noise. These committees have wide representation from the t

7、echnical community (manufacturers, consumers, trade associations, organizations with a general interest, and government representatives). The standards are published by the Acoustical Society of America as American National Standards after approval by their respective Standards Committees and the Am

8、erican National Standards Institute (ANSI). These standards are developed and published as a public service to provide standards useful to the public, industry, and consumers, and to Federal, State, and local governments. Each of the Accredited Standards Committees (operating in accordance with proc

9、edures approved by ANSI) is responsible for developing, voting upon, and maintaining or revising its own Standards. The ASA Standards Secretariat administers Committee organization and activity and provides liaison between the Accredited Standards Committees and ANSI. After the Standards have been p

10、roduced and adopted by the Accredited Standards Committees, and approved as American National Standards by ANSI, the ASA Standards Secretariat arranges for their publication and distribution. An American National Standard implies a consensus of those substantially concerned with its scope and provis

11、ions. Consensus is established when, in the judgment of the ANSI Board of Standards Review, substantial agreement has been reached by directly and materially affected interests. Substantial agreement means much more than a simple majority, but not necessarily unanimity. Consensus requires that all v

12、iews and objections be considered and that a concerted effort be made towards their resolution. The use of an American National Standard is completely voluntary. Their existence does not in any respect preclude anyone, whether he or she has approved the Standards or not, from manufacturing, marketin

13、g, purchasing, or using products, processes, or procedures not conforming to the Standards. NOTICE: This American National Standard may be revised or withdrawn at any time. The procedures of the American National Standards Institute require that action be taken periodically to reaffirm, revise, or w

14、ithdraw this Standard. Acoustical Society of America ASA Secretariat 35 Pinelawn Road, Suite 114E Melville, New York 11747-3177 Telephone: 1 (631) 390-0215 Fax: 1 (631) 390-0217 E-mail: asastdsaip.org 2013 by Acoustical Society of America. This standard may not be reproduced in whole or in part in a

15、ny form for sale, promotion, or any commercial purpose, or any purpose not falling within the provisions of the U.S. Copyright Act of 1976, without prior written permission of the publisher. For permission, address a request to the Standards Secretariat of the Acoustical Society of America. 2013 Aco

16、ustical Society of America All rights reserved iContents 1 Scope 1 2 Normative references 1 3 Definitions, nomenclature, and mathematical descriptions 2 3.0 Preface . 2 3.1 Definitions . 2 3.2 Nomenclature . 7 3.3 Mathematical descriptions . 9 4 Instruments and calibration . 10 4.1 General 10 4.2 Ca

17、libration 11 5 Measurements . 12 5.1 General 12 5.2 Measurement positions 12 5.3 Meteorological conditions 13 5.4 Measurement of time-average sound level or sound exposure level 13 5.5 Adjustments . 14 6 Information to be recorded 14 6.1 General information 14 6.2 Specific temporal, terrain, and atm

18、ospheric conditions prevailing during the measurements 14 Annex A (informative) Some quantities used for various noise assessment purposes . 15 A.1 Continuous sound 15 A.2 Single event sounds . 15 A.3 Long-term environments 15 A.4 Special sound measurement situations . 15 Tables Table 1 Quantity sym

19、bols and unit symbols. . 8 2013 Acoustical Society of America All rights reserved ii Foreword This Foreword is for information only, and is not a part of ANSI/ASA S12.9-2013/Part 1 American National Standard Quantities and Procedures for Description and Measurement of Environmental Sound - Part 1: B

20、asic Quantities and Definitions. As such, this Foreword may contain material that has not been subjected to public review or a consensus process. In addition, it does not contain requirements necessary for conformance to the standard. This standard comprises a part of a group of definitions, standar

21、ds, and specifications for use in noise. It was developed and approved by Accredited Standards Committee S12, Noise, under its approved operating procedures. Those procedures have been accredited by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI). The Scope of Accredited Standards Committee S12 is

22、as follows: Standards, specifications, and terminology in the field of acoustical noise pertaining to methods of measurement, evaluation, and control, including biological safety, tolerance, and comfort, and physical acoustics as related to environmental and occupational noise. This standard is a re

23、vision of ANSI S12.9-1988/Part 1, which has been technically revised. This standard is the American National counterpart to International Standard ISO 1996-1:2003, with appropriate modifications to conform to American procedures and practice. This standard provides basic quantities and general proce

24、dures for the description and measurement of environmental sound in a community. At the time this Standard was submitted to Accredited Standards Committee S12, Noise, for approval, the membership was as follows: W.J. Murphy, Chair S.J. Lind, Vice-Chair S.B. Blaeser, Secretary 3M Occupational Health

25、FAX: 631-390-0217; E-mail: asastdsaip.org. 2013 Acoustical Society of America All rights reserved vIntroduction This standard describes basic quantities and general procedures for assessment of sound with respect to community response. Research on the ways in which people and communities are affecte

26、d by common everyday noises in the environment has led to a variety of measures for assessment of different types of noise. The variety of measures has introduced some confusion about the relationship among the measures and their applicability for specific purposes. This standard defines consistent

27、measures for physical quantities that may be used to measure and assess environmental sound. Time-average A-weighted sound level is adopted in this standard as a basic quantity for all community sound except high-energy impulsive sound. A C-weighted sound exposure level is used to describe high-ener

28、gy impulsive sounds such as blasts or sonic boom, and it may be used to describe other low-frequency sound sources such as industrial processes, transportation sources and electric power generating facilities. The Annex provides information concerning some of the basic quantities that have been used

29、 to describe certain environmental sounds. AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD ANSI/ASA S12.9-2013/Part 1 2013 Acoustical Society of America All rights reserved 1American National Standard Quantities and Procedures for Description and Measurement of Environmental Sound - Part 1: Basic Quantities and Definiti

30、ons 1 Scope The purpose of this standard is to provide basic quantities and procedures for the description and measurement of sound in community environments. The information in this document supplements the basic information contained in the Standards listed as references. This standard defines the

31、 basic quantities that can be used separately or in combination for the description of community sound and describes basic procedures for measurement of the quantities. The scope of this standard encompasses all types of environmental sounds, separately or in combination, that contribute to the tota

32、l sound at a site. This standard does not specify limits for environmental sounds or recommend measurement locations or durations. This standard is applicable to the description and measurement of community sound for purposes of land use planning, environmental assessment, and noise control. Based o

33、n the principles described in this standard, compliance limits of sound may be specified by cognizant authorities and conformance with these limits controlled for purposes of environmental assessment and regulation and land use planning. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are

34、indispensable for the application of this standard. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ANSI S1.4-1983 (R 2006) American National Standard Specification for Sound Level Meters

35、ANSI S1.4A-1985 (R 2006) Amendment to American National Standard Specification for Sound Level Meters ANSI/ASA S1.13-2005 (R 2010) American National Standard Measurement of Sound Pressure Levels in Air ANSI S12.7-1986 (R 2006) American National Standard Method for Measurement of Impulse Noise ANSI/A

36、SA S12.9-2005/Part 4 American National Standard Quantities and Procedures for Description and Measurement of Environmental Sound, Part 4: Noise Assessment and Prediction of Long-term Community Response ANSI/ASA S1.40-2006 (R 2011) American National Standard Specifications and Verification Procedures

37、 for Sound Calibrators ANSI/ASA S12.9-2013/Part 1 2013 Acoustical Society of America All rights reserved 2ANSI/ASA S12.1-1983 (R 2011) American National Standard Guidelines for the Preparation of Standard Procedures to Determine the Noise Emission from Sources ISO 1996-1:2003 AcousticsDescription, m

38、easurement and assessment of environmental noisePart 1: Basic quantities and assessment procedures IEC 60942:2003 Electroacoustics - Sound calibrators IEC 61672-1:2002 Electroacoustics - Sound level meters - Part 1: Specifications ASTM E966-10e1 Standard Guide for Field Measurements of Airborne Soun

39、d Insulation of Building Facades and Facade Elements 3 Definitions, nomenclature, and mathematical descriptions 3.0 Preface The following definitions explicitly recognize that measurements are made of physical quantities. “Levels,“ the quantities displayed by most acoustical instruments, are proport

40、ional to the common logarithm of the ratio of the physical quantity to a reference quantity of the same kind. To clarify this relation, a physical quantity is defined, and, second, when appropriate, the level of the physical quantity is defined. The unit for the level of any quantity is the decibel;

41、 the unit symbol is dB for the level of any quantity. NOTE Definitions, when available, are taken from appropriate American National Standards referenced in Clause 2. 3.1 Definitions 3.1.1 3.1.1.1 instantaneous sound pressure level ten times the common logarithm of the square of the ratio of the ins

42、tantaneous sound pressure to the reference pressure of 20 micropascals. Unit: decibel (dB). 3.1.1.2 instantaneous sound pressure total instantaneous pressure, in a stated frequency band, at a point in the presence of a sound wave minus the atmospheric static pressure at that point. Unit: pascal (Pa)

43、. 3.1.2 3.1.2.1 peak sound pressure level ten times the common logarithm of the square of the ratio of the peak sound pressure to the reference sound pressure of 20 micropascals. Unit: decibel (dB). 3.1.2.2 peak sound pressure largest absolute value of the instantaneous sound pressure in a stated fr

44、equency band during a specified time interval. Unit: pascal (Pa). ANSI/ASA S12.9-2013/Part 1 2013 Acoustical Society of America All rights reserved 33.1.3 3.1.3.1 sound pressure level ten times the common logarithm of the square of the ratio of the sound pressure to the reference sound pressure of 2

45、0 micropascals. Unit: decibel (dB). 3.1.3.2 sound pressure root mean square of the instantaneous sound pressures in a stated frequency band and during a specified time interval, unless another time-averaging process is indicated. Unit: pascal (Pa). 3.1.4 3.1.4.1 sound level ten times the common loga

46、rithm of the square of the ratio of the frequency-weighted (and time-averaged) sound pressure to the reference sound pressure of 20 micropascals. Unit: decibel (dB). 3.1.4.2 (frequency-weighted) sound pressure root mean square of the instantaneous sound pressure which is filtered (frequency weighted

47、) with a standard frequency characteristic (e.g., A or C, etc.) and exponential time weighted in accordance with the standardized characteristics slow (S), fast (F), impulse (I) or peak, both weightings as specified in ANSI S1.4A-1985. The time weighting shall be specified. The frequency weighting s

48、hould be specified; otherwise, A-weighting will be understood. Unit: pascal (Pa). 3.1.5 3.1.5.1 maximum sound level ten times the common logarithm of the square of the ratio of the maximum sound to the reference sound pressure of 20 micropascals. Unit: decibel (dB). 3.1.5.2 maximum sound largest fre

49、quency-weighted and exponential-time-weighted (or otherwise time-averaged) sound during a specified time interval. The time weighting or time averaging shall be specified. The frequency weighting should be specified; otherwise, A-weighting will be understood. Unit: pascal (Pa). 3.1.6 3.1.6.1 time-average sound level ten times the common logarithm of the square of the ratio of time-average (frequency-weighted) sound pressure to the reference pressure of 20 micropascals. Unit: decibel (dB). NOTE Time-average sound level is also termed equivalent-continuous sou