ASA S2 1-2009 American National Standard Mechanical vibration shock and condition monitoring C Vocabulary - Nationally Adopted International Standards《机械振动、冲击和状态检测 词汇表》.pdf

1、ANSI/ASA S2.1-2009 / ISO 2041:2009(Revision of ANSI S2.1-2000 / ISO 2041:1990)AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDMechanical vibration, shock and condition monitoring Vocabulary(a Nationally Adopted International Standard)Accredited Standards Committee S2, Mechanical Vibration and ShockStandards SecretariatAc

2、oustical Society of America35 Pinelawn Road, Suite 114 EMelville, NY 11747-3177ANSI/ASA S2.1-2009/ISO2041:2009Reaffirmed by ANSI September 11, 2014 The American National Standards Institute, Inc. (ANSI) is the national coordinator of voluntary standards development and the clearinghouse in the U.S.A

3、. for information on national and international standards. The Acoustical Society of America (ASA) is an organization of scientists and engineers formed in 1929 to increase and diffuse the knowledge of acoustics and to promote its practical applications. ANSI/ASA S2.1-2009 / ISO 2041:2009 (Revision

4、of ANSI S2.1-2000 / ISO 2041:1990) AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Mechanical vibration, shock and condition monitoring Vocabulary (a Nationally Adopted International Standard) Secretariat: Acoustical Society of America Approved October 8, 2009 by: American National Standards Institute, Inc. Abstract Thi

5、s Nationally Adopted International Standard defines terms and expressions unique to the areas of mechanical vibration, shock and condition monitoring. AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDS ON ACOUSTICS The Acoustical Society of America (ASA) provides the Secretariat for Accredited Standards Committees S1 on A

6、coustics, S2 on Mechanical Vibration and Shock, S3 on Bioacoustics, S3/SC 1 on Animal Bioacoustics, and S12 on Noise. These committees have wide representation from the technical community (manufacturers, consumers, trade associations, organizations with a general interest, and government representa

7、tives). The standards are published by the Acoustical Society of America through the American Institute of Physics as American National Standards after approval by their respective Standards Committees and the American National Standards Institute (ANSI). These standards are developed and published

8、as a public service to provide standards useful to the public, industry, and consumers, and to Federal, State, and local governments. Each of the accredited Standards Committees (operating in accordance with procedures approved by ANSI) is responsible for developing, voting upon, and maintaining or

9、revising its own Standards. The ASA Standards Secretariat administers Committee organization and activity and provides liaison between the Accredited Standards Committees and ANSI. After the Standards have been produced and adopted by the Accredited Standards Committees, and approved as American Nat

10、ional Standards by ANSI, the ASA Standards Secretariat arranges for their publication and distribution. An American National Standard implies a consensus of those substantially concerned with its scope and provisions. Consensus is established when, in the judgment of the ANSI Board of Standards Revi

11、ew, substantial agreement has been reached by directly and materially affected interests. Substantial agreement means much more than a simple majority, but not necessarily unanimity. Consensus requires that all views and objections be considered and that a concerted effort be made towards their reso

12、lution. The use of an American National Standard is completely voluntary. Their existence does not in any respect preclude anyone, whether he or she has approved the Standards or not, from manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or using products, processes, or procedures not conforming to the Standar

13、ds. NOTICE: This American National Standard may be revised or withdrawn at any time. The procedures of the American National Standards Institute require that action be taken periodically to reaffirm, revise, or withdraw this Standard. Acoustical Society of America ASA Secretariat 35 Pinelawn Road, S

14、uite 114E Melville, New York 11747-3177 Telephone: 1 (631) 390-0215 Fax: 1 (631) 390-0217 E-mail: asastdsaip.org 2009 by Acoustical Society of America. This standard may not be reproduced in whole or in part in any form for sale, promotion, or any commercial purpose, or any purpose not falling withi

15、n the provisions of the U.S. Copyright Act of 1976, without prior written permission of the publisher. For permission, address a request to the Standards Secretariat of the Acoustical Society of America. These materials are subject to copyright claims of ISO, IEC, ANSI, and ASA. No part of this publ

16、ication may be reproduced in any form, including an electronic retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the Acoustical Society of America (ASA). All requests pertaining to this standard should be submitted to the Acoustical Society of America (ASA). 2009 Acoustical Society of Americ

17、a All rights reserved i Contents Scope . 1 1 General . 1 2 Vibration 16 3 Mechanical shock . 32 4 Transducers for shock and vibration measurement . 35 5 Signal processing 38 6 Condition monitoring and diagnostics . 44 Bibliography . 48 Alphabetical index 49 Tables Table 1 Equivalent definitions to b

18、e used for various kinds of output/input ratios 11 Table 2 Resonance relationships 28 Figures Figure 1 Mobility plot . 12 Figure 2 Accelerance magnitude plot corresponding to the mobility graph plotted in Figure 1 . 13 Figure 3 Dynamic compliance magnitude plot corresponding to the mobility graph pl

19、otted in Figure 1 . 14 2009 Acoustical Society of America All rights reserved ii Foreword This Foreword is for information only and is not a part of ANSI/ASA S2.1-2009 / ISO 2041:2009 American National Standard Mechanical vibration, shock and condition monitoring Vocabulary. This nationally adopted

20、international standard comprises a part of a group of definitions, standards, and specifications for use in mechanical vibration and shock. It was developed and approved by Accredited Standards Committee S2 Mechanical Vibration and Shock, under its approved operating procedures. Those procedures hav

21、e been accredited by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI). The Scope of Accredited Standards Committee S2 is as follows: Standards, specification, methods of measurement and test, and terminology in the field of mechanical vibration and shock, and condition monitoring and diagnostics of

22、machines, including the effects of exposure to mechanical vibration and shock on humans, including those aspects which pertain to biological safety, tolerance and comfort. This standard is an identical national adoption of ISO 2041:2009 which was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 108, Mechanica

23、l vibration, shock and condition monitoring. This standard is a revision of ANSI S2.1-2000/ISO 2041:1990. This revision reflects advances in technology and refinements in terms used in the previous version. As such, it incorporates more precise definitions of some terms reflecting changes in accepte

24、d meaning. New terms which were driven by changes in technology (primarily in the areas of signal processing, condition monitoring and vibration and shock diagnostics and prognostics) are incorporated. At the time this Standard was submitted to Accredited Standards Committee S2, Mechanical Vibration

25、 and Shock for approval, the membership was as follows: A.T. Herfat, Chair C.F. Gaumond, Vice-Chair S.B. Blaeser, Secretary Acoustical Society of America . C.F. Gaumond B.E. Douglas (Alt.) American Industrial Hygiene Association . J.J. Earshen D. Driscoll (Alt.) Association of American Railroads . J

26、. Moller . N. Cooperrider (Alt.) Boeing K.D. Sellers . D.A. Followell (Alt.) BP America . W.C. Foiles J. McCraw (Alt.) Calnetix L.A. Hawkins . P. McMullen (Alt.) Caterpillar, Inc. D.G. Roley Commercial Vehicle Group . L. Mullinix Eckardt Johanning, MD, PC . E. Johanning 2009 Acoustical Society of Am

27、erica All rights reserved iii Emerson Electric Copeland Corporation . A.T. Herfat . M. Mezache (Alt.) Endevco Corp. . B. Yang G.E. Energy R. Bankert Infrared Training Center G.L. Orlove R. Madding (Alt.) John Deere L. DeVries Mechanical Solutions, Inc. W.D. Marscher . M. Onari (Alt.) MIMOSA K. Bever

28、 A. Johnston (Alt.) NASA Ames Research Center K.F. Goebel National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) R. Dong . T.W. McDowell (Alt.) National Institute of Standards FAX: 631-390-0217; E-mail: asastdsaip.org. 2009 Acoustical Society of America All rights reserved v Introduction Voca

29、bulary is the most basic of subjects for standardization. Without an accepted standard for the definition of terminology, the development of other technical standards in a technical area becomes a laborious and time-consuming task that would ultimately result in the inefficient use of time and a hig

30、h probability of misinterpretation. AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD ANSI/ASA S2.1-2009 / ISO 2041:2009 2009 Acoustical Society of America All rights reserved 1 American National Standard Mechanical vibration, shock and condition monitoring Vocabulary Scope This Nationally Adopted International Standard d

31、efines terms and expressions unique to the areas of mechanical vibration, shock and condition monitoring. 1 General 1.1 displacement relative displacement vibration and shock time varying quantity that specifies the change in position of a point on a body with respect to a reference frame NOTE 1 The

32、 reference frame is usually a set of axes at a mean position or a position of rest. In general, a rotation displacement vector, a translation displacement vector, or both can represent the displacement. NOTE 2 A displacement is designated as relative displacement if it is measured with respect to a

33、reference frame other than the primary reference frame designated in a given case. NOTE 3 Displacement can be: oscillatory, in which case simple harmonic components can be defined by the displacement amplitude (and frequency), or random, in which case the root-mean-square (rms) displacement (and ban

34、d-width and probability density distribution) can be used to define the probability that the displacement will have values within any given range. Displacements of short time duration are defined as transient displacements. Non-oscillatory displacements are defined as sustained displacements, if of

35、long duration, or as displacement pulses, if of short duration. 1.2 velocity relative velocity vibration and shock rate of change of displacement NOTE 1 In general, velocity is time-dependent. NOTE 2 The reference frame is usually a set of axes at a mean position or a position of rest. In general, a

36、 rotation velocity vector, a translation velocity vector, or both can represent the velocity. NOTE 3 A velocity is designated as relative velocity if it is measured with respect to a reference frame other than the primary reference frame designated in a given case. The relative velocity between two

37、points is the vector difference between the velocities of the two points. NOTE 4 Velocity can be: oscillatory, in which case simple harmonic components can be defined by the velocity amplitude (and frequency), or random, in which case the root-mean-square (rms) velocity (and band-width and probabili

38、ty density distribution) can be used to define the probability that the velocity will have values within any given range. ANSI/ASA S2.1-2009 / ISO 2041:2009 2009 Acoustical Society of America All rights reserved 2 Velocities of short time duration are defined as transient velocities. Non-oscillatory

39、 velocities are defined as sustained velocities, if of long duration. 1.3 acceleration relative acceleration vibration and shock rate of change of velocity NOTE 1 In general, acceleration is time-dependent. NOTE 2 The reference frame is usually a set of axes at a mean position or a position of rest.

40、 In general, a rotation acceleration vector, a translation acceleration vector, or both and the Coriolis acceleration can represent the acceleration. NOTE 3 An acceleration is designated as relative acceleration if it is measured with respect to a reference frame other than the inertial reference fr

41、ame designated in a given case. The relative acceleration between two points is the vector difference between the accelerations of the two points. NOTE 4 In the case of time-dependent accelerations, various self-explanatory modifiers, such as peak, average, and rms (root-mean-square), are often used

42、. The time intervals over which the average or root-mean-square values are taken should be indicated or implied. NOTE 5 Acceleration can be: oscillatory, in which case simple harmonic components can be defined by the acceleration amplitude (and frequency), or random, in which case the rms accelerati

43、on (and band-width and probability density distribution) can be used to define the probability that the acceleration will have values within any given range. Accelerations of short time duration are defined as transient accelerations. Non-oscillatory accelerations are defined as sustained accelerati

44、ons, if of long duration, or as acceleration pulses, if of short duration. 1.4 standard acceleration due to gravity gnunit, 9.806 65 metres per second-squared (9.806 65 m/s2) NOTE 1 Value adopted in the International Service of Weights and Measures and confirmed in 1913 by the 5th CGPM as the standa

45、rd for acceleration due to gravity. NOTE 2 This “standard value” (gn= 9.806 65 m/s2= 980.665 cm/s2 386.089 in/s2 32.174 0 ft/s2) should be used for reduction to standard gravity of measurements made in any location on Earth. NOTE 3 Frequently, the magnitude of acceleration is expressed in units of g

46、n. NOTE 4 The actual acceleration produced by the force of gravity at or below the surface of the Earth varies with the latitude and elevation of the point of observation. This variable is often expressed using the symbol g. Caution should be exercised if this is done so as not to create an ambiguit

47、y with this use and the standard symbol for the unit of the gram. 1.5 force dynamic influence that changes a body from a state of rest to one of motion or changes its rate of motion NOTE 1 A force could also change a bodys size or shape if the body resists motion. NOTE 2 The newton is the unit of fo

48、rce. One newton is the force required to give a mass of one kilogram an acceleration of one metre per second squared. ANSI/ASA S2.1-2009 / ISO 2041:2009 2009 Acoustical Society of America All rights reserved 3 1.6 restoring force reaction force caused by the elastic property of a structure when it i

49、s being deformed 1.7 jerk rate of change of acceleration 1.8 inertial reference system inertial reference frame coordinate system or frame which is fixed in space or moves at constant velocity without rotational motion and thus, not accelerating 1.9 inertial force reaction force exerted by a mass when it is being accelerated 1.10 oscillation variation, usually with time, of the magnitude of a quantity with respect to a specified reference when the magnitude is alternately greater and smaller than the specified reference