ASA S3 6-2010 American National Standard Specification for Audiometers《听力计规范》.pdf

1、 ANSI/ASA S3.6-2010 (Revision of ANSI S3.6-2004) AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Specification for Audiometers Secretariat: Acoustical Society of America Approved November 2, 2010 by: American National Standards Institute, Inc. Abstract The audiometers covered in this specification are devices designed f

2、or use in determining the hearing threshold level of an individual in comparison with a chosen standard reference threshold level. This standard provides specifications and tolerances for pure tone, speech, and masking signals and describes the minimum test capabilities of different types of audiome

3、ters. AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDS ON ACOUSTICS The Acoustical Society of America (ASA) provides the Secretariat for Accredited Standards Committees S1 on Acoustics, S2 on Mechanical Vibration and Shock, S3 on Bioacoustics, S3/SC 1 on Animal Bioacoustics, and S12 on Noise. These committees have wide

4、representation from the technical community (manufacturers, consumers, trade associations, organizations with a general interest, and government representatives). The standards are published by the Acoustical Society of America as American National Standards after approval by their respective Standa

5、rds Committees and the American National Standards Institute (ANSI). These standards are developed and published as a public service to provide standards useful to the public, industry, and consumers, and to Federal, State, and local governments. Each of the Accredited Standards Committees (operatin

6、g in accordance with procedures approved by ANSI) is responsible for developing, voting upon, and maintaining or revising its own Standards. The ASA Standards Secretariat administers Committee organization and activity and provides liaison between the Accredited Standards Committees and ANSI. After

7、the Standards have been produced and adopted by the Accredited Standards Committees, and approved as American National Standards by ANSI, the ASA Standards Secretariat arranges for their publication and distribution. An American National Standard implies a consensus of those substantially concerned

8、with its scope and provisions. Consensus is established when, in the judgment of the ANSI Board of Standards Review, substantial agreement has been reached by directly and materially affected interests. Substantial agreement means much more than a simple majority, but not necessarily unanimity. Cons

9、ensus requires that all views and objections be considered and that a concerted effort be made towards their resolution. The use of an American National Standard is completely voluntary. Their existence does not in any respect preclude anyone, whether he or she has approved the Standards or not, fro

10、m manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or using products, processes, or procedures not conforming to the Standards. NOTICE: This American National Standard may be revised or withdrawn at any time. The procedures of the American National Standards Institute require that action be taken periodically

11、to reaffirm, revise, or withdraw this Standard. Acoustical Society of America ASA Secretariat 35 Pinelawn Road, Suite 114E Melville, New York 11747-3177 Telephone: 1 (631) 390-0215 Fax: 1 (631) 390-0217 E-mail: asastdsaip.org 2010 by Acoustical Society of America. This standard may not be reproduced

12、 in whole or in part in any form for sale, promotion, or any commercial purpose, or any purpose not falling within the provisions of the U.S. Copyright Act of 1976, without prior written permission of the publisher. For permission, address a request to the Standards Secretariat of the Acoustical Soc

13、iety of America. 2010 Acoustical Society of America All rights reserved iContents 1 Scope, purpose, and applications 1 1.1 Scope 1 1.2 Purpose . 1 1.3 Applications . 1 2 Normative references . 1 3 Terms and definitions . 3 4 Requirements for specific types of audiometers 8 4.1 Type designation . 8 5

14、 General requirements . 8 5.1 Electrical safety requirements . 8 5.2 Acoustic safety requirements 9 5.3 Power supply variation and environment conditions . 9 5.4 Unwanted acoustic signals 11 5.5 Subject response system 13 5.6 Monitor earphone or loudspeaker . 13 5.7 Talk-back system 13 6 Signal sour

15、ces 13 6.1 Pure-tone source . 13 6.2 Speech source 16 6.3 Masking sounds 18 7 Signal level controls . 20 7.1 Marking 20 7.2 Accuracy of sound pressure and vibratory force level for pure-tone and speech . 20 7.3 Hearing level control 20 7.4 Masking sound level control 21 7.5 Tone switching 22 8 Refer

16、ence-signal facilities 23 8.1 Frequencies . 24 8.2 Reference-signal level control . 24 9 Transducers (specifications, RETSPLs and RETFLs) . 24 9.1 Air conduction, supra-aural earphones . 24 9.2 Air conduction, circumaural earphones . 26 9.3 Air conduction, insert earphones . 27 9.4 Bone conduction 3

17、1 9.5 Sound field produced via loudspeakers 32 10 Device marking and instruction manual . 34 10.1 Marking 34 10.2 Instruction manual . 34 Annex A (normative) Correction figures for free-field equivalent output for certain types of commonly used earphones . 36 ii 2010 Acoustical Society of America Al

18、l rights reserved Annex B (normative) Recordings of speech test material . 38 Annex C (normative) Calibration of circumaural earphones for extended high frequency testing 39 C.1 General 39 C.2 Calibration . 39 C.3 Microphone 39 C.4 Adapters for making extended high frequency measurements on an IEC 6

19、0318-1 ear simulator 39 C.5 Coupler configurations using a Type 1 adapter 39 C.6 Coupler configuration using a Type 2 adapter 42 C.7 Environmental conditions 42 C.8 References 42 Annex D (informative) Procedures for transfer of reference equivalent threshold values 43 D.1 General 43 D.2 Probe-tube m

20、ethod . 43 D.3 Loudness-balance method 44 D.4 Threshold-determination method 44 D.5 Standard reference earphone with other-than-specified coupler 44 D.6 Standard earphones with other-than-specified cushions 45 D.7 Earphone and coupler both different from standard types 45 Annex E (informative) Audio

21、gram format 46 E.1 General 46 E.2 Reference levels . 46 E.3 Vertical scale . 46 E.4 Horizontal scale . 46 E.5 Scale proportions 46 Annex F (informative) Supra-aural cushions for earphones 47 Annex G (informative) Requirements for periodic calibration . 49 G.1 Minimum periodic calibration requirement

22、s 49 G.2 Routine checking and subjective tests 49 G.3 Equipment needed to perform audiometer calibrations 53 G.4 Calibration of test equipment 54 Bibliography . 55 Tables Table 1 Minimum required facilities for specific types of audiometers . 9 Table 2a Required frequencies and hearing levels for va

23、rious audiometers . 14 Table 2b Required frequencies and hearing levels for EHF audiometers 14 Table 3 Maximum permissible harmonic distortion, expressed in percent . 15 Table 4 Narrow-band masking noise: upper and lower cut-off frequencies and correction factors for determining RETSPLs . 19 2010 Ac

24、oustical Society of America All rights reserved iii Table 5 Reference equivalent threshold sound pressure levels (RETSPLs) (dB re 20Pa) for supra-aural earphones in common use 26 Table 6 Reference equivalent threshold sound pressure levels (RETSPLs) (dB re 20Pa) for circumaural earphones . 27 Table

25、7a Reference equivalent threshold sound pressure levels (RETSPLs) (dB re 20Pa) for ER-3A and EARTone 3A insert earphones . 29 Table 7b Reference equivalent threshold sound pressure levels (RETSPLs) (dB re 20Pa) for ER-2 insert earphones for use at Extended High Frequency . 30 Table 8 Reference equiv

26、alent threshold force levels (RETFLs) for bone vibrators 32 Table 9 Reference equivalent threshold sound pressure levels (RETSPLs) (dB re 20 Pa) for sound-field testing 33 Table A.1 Difference between the free-field equivalent sensitivity level GF and the coupler or acoustic coupler or ear simulator

27、 level GC for two types of earphones . 37 Figures Figure 1 Rise/fall envelope of test tones . 23 Figure 2 Coupling of the insert earphone to the calibration coupler Figure 2(a) shows an occluded ear simulator (as described in ANSI/ASA S3.25 and IEC 60318-4 (IEC 60711), see subclause 9.3.1; Figure 2(

28、b) an HA-2 acoustic coupler with rigid tube attachment (as described in ANSI/ASA S3.7), see subclause 9.3.2; and Figure 2(c) an HA-1 acoustic coupler (as described in ANSI/ASA S3.7), see subclause 9.3.3 28 Figure C.1 Type 1 adapter for use with IEC 60318-1 ear simulator . 40 Figure C.2 Position of T

29、ype 1 adapter on the IEC 60318-1 ear simulator 40 Figure C.3 Type 2 adapter for use with IEC 60318-1 ear simulator . 41 Figure C.4 Position of Type 2 adapter on the IEC 60318-1 ear simulator 41 Figure F.1 Earphone supra-aural cushion MX 41/AR . 47 Figure F.2 Earphone supra-aural cushion Type 51 48 A

30、coustical Society of America All rights reserved iv Foreword This Foreword is for information only and is not a part of ANSI/ASA S3.6-2010 American National Standard Specification for Audiometers. This standard comprises a part of a group of definitions, standards, and specifications for use in bioa

31、coustics. It was developed and approved by Accredited Standards Committee S3 Bioacoustics, under its approved operating procedures. Those procedures have been accredited by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI). The Scope of Accredited Standards Committee S3 is as follows: Standards, spec

32、ifications, methods of measurement and test, and terminology in the fields of psychological and physiological acoustics, including aspects of general acoustics which pertain to biological safety, tolerance and comfort. This standard is a revision of ANSI S3.6-2004, which has been technically revised

33、 to incorporate changes to keep this standard compatible with other equivalent international (IEC and ISO) standards. This standard contains comparable information to current ISO Standards for pure tone thresholds, bone conduction and sound field. At the time this Standard was submitted to Accredite

34、d Standards Committee S3, Bioacoustics for approval, the membership was as follows: C.A. Champlin, Chair G.J. Frye, Vice-Chair S.B. Blaeser, Secretary Acoustical Society of America C.A. Champlin M.D. Burkhard (Alt.) American Academy of Audiology . .D. Ostergren . S. Gordon-Salant (Alt.) American Aca

35、demy of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery . .R.A. Dobie . L.A. Michael (Alt.) American Industrial Hygiene Association . T.K. Madison D. Driscoll (Alt.) American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA) . L.A. Wilber V. Gladstone (Alt.) Beltone/GN Resound S. Petrovic Council for Accreditation

36、in Occupational Hearing Conservation (CAOHC) . L.D. Hager ETS-Lindgren Acoustic Systems S. Dunlap . D. Winker (Alt.) Etymotic Research, Inc. M.C. Killion Food and Drug Administration . J.K. Kane . S-C Peng (Alt.) 2010 Acoustical Society of America All rights reserved v Frye Electronics, Inc. G.J. Fr

37、ye K.E. Frye (Alt.) G.R.A.S. Sound Fax: 631-390-0217; E-mail: asastdsaip.org. AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD ANSI/ASA S3.6-2010 2010 Acoustical Society of America All rights reserved 1American National Standard Specification for Audiometers 1 Scope, purpose, and applications 1.1 Scope Audiometers are el

38、ectronic instruments intended for the testing of human hearing. This standard includes specifications and tolerances for audiometers and standard reference threshold levels for audiometric transducers such as supra-aural, circumaural, and insert earphones; bone vibrators; and loudspeakers. This stan

39、dard classifies audiometers according to the type of signal generated (pure tones, speech, or both), mode of operation, and complexity or range of auditory functions tested. Audiometers are also classified by type. Audiometers used for diagnostic assessment are classified as Types 1, 2, or 3, while

40、audiometers having air-conduction facilities only are classified as Type 4. 1.2 Purpose The purpose of this standard is to ensure that tests of hearing, and particularly tests of hearing threshold, performed on the same individual with different audiometers complying with this standard shall give eq

41、uivalent results when used under comparable test conditions. Further, the test results shall accurately and validly represent the level difference, if any, that may exist between the threshold of the individual tested and the reference threshold of hearing. This standard covers the general specifica

42、tions for audiometers that require behavioral responses from a listener, as well as specific requirements governing the functional units of audiometric equipment such as type or types of signal, signal level control mechanisms, and types of transducers. In addition, instruments which are not audiome

43、ters but are used primarily for audiometric testing purposes, which incorporate calibrated sound sources (e.g., acoustic immittance systems, otoacoustic emission systems, or narrow-band noise generators), shall, whenever possible, conform to clauses 4 through 10 of this standard. 1.3 Applications Th

44、is standard specifies requirements for audiometers used primarily to determine hearing threshold levels with respect to standard reference threshold levels. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this standard. For dated references, only th

45、e edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ANSI S1.1-1994 (R 2004) American National Standard Acoustical Terminology ANSI S1.4-1983 (R 2006) American National Standard Specification for Sound Level Meters ANSI/AS

46、A S3.1-1999 (R 2008) American National Standard Maximum Permissible Ambient Noise Levels for Audiometric Test Rooms ANSI/ASA S3.6-2010 2 2010 Acoustical Society of America All rights reserved ANSI/ASA S3.2-2009 American National Standard Method for Measuring the Intelligibility of Speech over Commun

47、ication Systems ANSI/ASA S3.7-1995 (R 2008) American National Standard Method for Coupler Calibration of Earphones ANSI S3.13-1987 (R 2007) American National Standard Mechanical Coupler for Measurement of Bone Vibrators ANSI/ASA S3.20-1995 (R 2008) American National Standard Bioacoustical Terminolog

48、y ANSI/ASA S3.21-2004 (R 2009) American National Standard Methods for Manual Pure-Tone Threshold Audiometry ANSI/ASA S3.25-2009 American National Standard for an Occluded Ear Simulator ANSI/AAMI ES60601-1 Medical Electrical Equipment, Part 1: General Requirements for Basic Safety and Essential Perfo

49、rmance IEC 60268-17 Ed. 1.0 b:1990 Sound system equipment, Part 17: Standard volume indicators IEC 60318-1:2009 Electroacoustics Simulators of human head and ear Part 1: Ear simulator for the measurement of supra-aural and circumaural earphones IEC 60318-3:1998 Electroacoustics Simulators of human head and ear Part 3: Acoustic coupler for the calibration of supra-aural earphones used in audiometry IEC 60318-4: 2010 Electroacoustics Simulators of human head and ear Part 4: Occluded-ear simulator for the