ASD-STAN PREN 6072-2008 Aerospace series Metallic materials Test methods Constant amplitude fatigue testing (Edition P 2)《航空航天系列 金属材料的试验方法 等幅疲劳试验 第P2版》.pdf

1、ASD STANDARD NORME ASD ASD NORM prEN 6072 Edition P 2 January 2008 PUBLISHED BY THE AEROSPACE AND DEFENCE INDUSTRIES ASSOCIATION OF EUROPE - STANDARDIZATIONAvenue de Tervuren, 270 - B-1150 Brussels - Tel. + 32 2 775 8126 - Fax. + 32 2 763 3565 - www.asd-stan.orgICS: Supersedes edition P 1 November 1

2、998 Descriptors: ENGLISH VERSION Aerospace series Metallic materials Test methods Constant amplitude fatigue testing Srie arospatiale Matriaux mtalliques Mthodes dessai Essai de fatigue amplitude constante Luft- und Raumfahrt Metallische Werkstoffe Prfverfahren Ermdungstest mit konstanter Amplitude

3、This “Aerospace Series“ Prestandard has been drawn up under the responsibility of ASD-STAN (The AeroSpace and Defence Industries Association of Europe - Standardization). It is published for the needs of the European Aerospace Industry. It has been technically approved by the experts of the concerne

4、d Domain following member comments. Subsequent to the publication of this Prestandard, the technical content shall not be changed to an extent that interchangeability is affected, physically or functionally, without re-identification of the standard. After examination and review by users and formal

5、agreement of ASD-STAN, it will be submitted as a draft European Standard (prEN) to CEN (European Committee for Standardization) for formal vote and transformation to full European Standard (EN). The CEN national members have then to implement the EN at national level by giving the EN the status of a

6、 national standard and by withdrawing any national standards conflicting with the EN. Edition approved for publication 31 January 2008 Comments should be sent within six months after the date of publication to ASD-STAN Metallic Material Domain Copyright 2008 by ASD-STAN prEN 6072:20082 Contents Page

7、 Foreword2 1 Scope 3 2 Normative references 3 3 Terms and definitions .3 4 Principles of the method.4 5 Apparatus .4 6 Test specimens4 7 Procedure .5 8 Analysis of test results .5 9 Test report 6 Annex A (normative) Axial Fatigue - Cylindrical specimen . 10 Annex B (normative) Axial Fatigue - Flat s

8、pecimen (Kt= 1,0) 14 Annex C (normative) Axial Fatigue - Flat specimen - “T-Type“ and mini “T-Type“ specimen (Kt= 2,3) . 15 Annex D (normative) Bending Fatigue - Flat specimen . 17 Annex E (normative) Recommendations for machining procedure of specimen . 18 Annex F (normative) Indication of failure

9、sites. 24 Annex G (normative) Table of fatigue test results 25 Annex H (normative) Representation of fatigue data. 26 Annex I (informative) Example of inspection card process. 27 Foreword This standard was reviewed by the Domain Technical Coordinator of ASD-STANs Metallic Material Domain. After inqu

10、iries and votes carried out in accordance with the rules of ASD-STAN defined in ASD-STANs General Process Manual, this standard has received approval for Publication. prEN 6072:20083 1 Scope This Standard defines a method to determine constant amplitude fatigue data of metallic materials and the S-N

11、 curve (or Whler curve). 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. I

12、SO 286-1, ISO system of limits and fits Part 1: Bases of tolerances, deviations and fits. ISO 965-1, ISO general-purpose metric screw threads Tolerances Part 1: Principles and basic data. ISO 1101, Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS) Geometrical tolerancing Tolerances of form, orientation, loca

13、tion and run-out. ASTM E 466, Standard practice for conducting force controlled constant amplitude axial fatigue tests of metallic materials.1)ASTM E 1823, Standard terminology relating to fatigue and fracture testing. 1)3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and defini

14、tions given in ASTM E 1823 and the following apply. 3.1 Direction of test samples 3.1.2 cylindrical specimens the direction of the sample is identified by the following symbols: L : Long (grain flow direction) LT : Long Transverse ST : Short Transverse The directions of semi-finished products of rec

15、tangular cross section for rolled or extruded products and forgings are identified on Figure 1. The directions of semi-finished products of circular cross section for rolled products and forged rings are identified on Figure 2. 3.1.2 flat specimens designation for direction of these specimens is ide

16、ntical to ASTM designation: Two letters separated by a dash: First letter : direction of load Second letter : direction of crack propagation The directions of semi-finished products of rectangular cross section for rolled or extruded products and hand forgings are identified on Figure 3. The directi

17、ons of semi-finished products of circular cross section for drawn or extruded products and hand forgings are identified on Figure 4. 1) Published by: American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), 1916 Race Street, Philadelphia, PA 19103, USA. prEN 6072:20084 4 Principles of the method See ASTM

18、E 466. 5 Apparatus See ASTM E 466 (calibrating to ISO 7500-1 is also acceptable). 6 Test specimens 6.1 General Test specimens shall be prepared according to the requirements of the relevant Process or Material Standard. 6.2 Geometry The geometry of test specimens is described in Annexes A to D. 6.3

19、Machining 6.3.1 Dimensional tolerances Machining tolerances (according to ISO 286-1) on transverse dimensions: ISO js 12. Form tolerances (according to ISO 1101) = ISO IT9. Specimens shall be machined cold, without generating surface hardening nor appreciable heating of the metal. Recommendations fo

20、r machining procedure of specimens are given in Annex E for each type of specimen. Final machining to comply with the tolerances and to obtain the surface finish required on the calibrated section (see Annexes A to D). 6.3.2 Specimens to be heat-treated The heat treatment should preferably be applie

21、d to the specimen blanks to avoid distortion, which cannot be corrected by machining. Final machining after heat treatment, in accordance with 6.3.1. NOTE For steels treated to obtain a high UTS, it may be necessary to machine the specimens to the final dimensions in the as-delivered condition and t

22、hen protect them before heat treatment. In general, the surface of steel and aluminium alloys specimens shall be: either protected against corrosion by an appropriate product, or machined only shortly before carrying out the test. 6.3.3 Grinding Grinding of steel and titanium specimens shall only be

23、 carried out when a process is available which guarantees no detrimental effects to the specimen surface, for example contamination. prEN 6072:20085 6.4 Straightening It is strictly forbidden to straighten a distorted specimen. Such distortion can arise from heat treatment on specimens machined to t

24、heir final dimensions. The surface hardening generated by the mechanical equipment used to straighten the specimens affects the mechanical properties and gives unrepresentative results. 7 Procedure 7.1 Number of specimens A minimum of 10 fatigue specimens with valid results is necessary to determine

25、 a Whler curve. Upon request, a static loaded specimen shall be performed. 7.2 Measurements of specimen dimensions The dimensions of the test specimens shall be measured before testing and the results reported in the test report (see Clause 9). 7.3 Test procedure Load ratio R and Ktfactor are given

26、in the relevant Process or Material Standard. The test frequency shall be not more then 170 Hz. For frequency greater than 50 Hz, it is advisable to carry dynamic calibrations on test work. The choice of load levels shall be done in order that test results be regularly positioned on the S-N curve be

27、tween at least 104and 3.106cycles, so that a Whler curve can be raised. For qualification of materials, cycling must not be stopped before 3.106cycles, unless other condition specified. In case of non-failure at 3.106cycles (or more), specimen can be tested again at a higher load level that will lea

28、d to failure before 105cycles. Test results must mention that specimen has been tested after a non-failure so that analysis can take it into account. NOTE For load ratio R 0, it is recommended to use anti buckling equipment. The breaking near the grip and the associated number of cycles shall be men

29、tioned in the test report (see Clause 9). In this case the specimen should be clamped again (if possible) and the test should be continued at the same load level. In order to check reproducibility and fiability of test machine, an example of inspection card is given in Annex I. 8 Analysis of test re

30、sults 8.1 Failure of specimens After testing, specimens shall be examined. Failure type and sites shall be indicated (see Annex F). prEN 6072:20086 8.2 Presentation of fatigue data All the values measured and calculated from the specimens shall be reported in a table (see Annex G). The cross section

31、 of the specimen, which has been used for calculation, shall be indicated. 8.3 Plot of the Whler curve All the individual results shall be represented in a log (or semi-log) scale scheme: max. stress in MPa, , versus Fatigue life, number of cycles, N (see Annex H). The analysis of the test results s

32、hall generate a mean Whler curve with 50 % probability of failure, in addition two curves for minimum and for maximum probability of failure. 9 Test report The test report shall refer to the test method and shall include the following: Complete identification of the tested material including the man

33、ufacturers Name, Designation, and Batch Number. All details relating to the preparation of the specimens. All relevant dimensions of the specimens. Date of test and traceability to the individual performing the test work. Conditioning. Equipment used and test parameters (R ratio, test frequency, ori

34、entation .). Recorded plots/graphs (with all the points). Individual test results and type of failure (see Annex F and Annex G). Any incident which may have affected the results, and any deviation from the test method. prEN 6072:20087 Figure 1 Cylindrical specimens - Direction of semi-finished produ

35、cts of rectangular cross section Key 1 Axial: corresponds to LT direction 2 Radial: corresponds to ST direction 3 Tangential: corresponds to L direction (grain flow direction) Depending on the forging axis, the LT and ST directions can change. Figure 2 Cylindrical specimens - Direction of semi-finis

36、hed products of circular cross section prEN 6072:20088 T-S L-S T-L L-T S-T S-L S T L Figure 3 Flat specimens - Direction of semi-finished products of rectangular cross section R-LR-CL-CL-RC-LC-RRLCL: direction of grain flow R: radial direction C: circumferential direction Figure 4 Flat specimens - D

37、irection of semi-finished products of circular cross section prEN 6072:20089 Figure 5 Tool for chamfering (can be ordered from Recoules Society or from Rexim Werkzeug GmbH) prEN 6072:200810 Annex A (normative) Axial Fatigue - Cylindrical specimen Key 1 Calibrated section 2 Marking General tolerance

38、= js 12 Form tolerance = IT 9 Thread tolerance = ISO 965-1 class 6g Figure A.1 Reference FCE type A 12 2 prEN 6072:2008 11 Detail W Key 1 Marking 2 Calibrated section General tolerance = js 12 Form tolerance = IT 9 Thread tolerance = ISO 965-1 class 6g Figure A.2 Reference FCE type C to J 1 1 2 W pr

39、EN 6072:200812 Key 1 Calibrated section 2 Marking General tolerance = js 12 Form tolerance = IT 9 Thread tolerance = ISO 965-1 class 6g Figure A.3 Reference FCE type B 12 2 prEN 6072:200813 Table A.1 Dimensions Dimension in millimetres Reference cross section L M N P Q R S Type Ktr Tolerance on r mm

40、2A b 1,035 28 0,5 C b1,7 1 D b2,3 0,42 E b3,3 0,18 I 2,5 0,35 12,5 60 a 9 7 34 3,99 13 M 12 Pitch 100 J 3 0,22 0,02 A b1,035 40 1 C b1,7 1,41 D b2,3 0,60 E b3,3 0,25 I 2,5 0,49 25 80 13 10 48 5,64 0,0320 M 16 Pitch 100 J 3 0,31 0,02 A a1,035 56 1 C b1,7 2 D b2,3 0,84 E b3,3 0,36 I 2,5 0,7 50 110 19

41、14 68 7,98 0,0431 M 22 Pitch 100 J 3 0,44 0,02 95 147 19 - 97 11 90 M 22 Pitch 100 B 1 Length of calibrated section = 35 mm aCan be lengthened to 80 mm bRecommended type prEN 6072:2008 14 Annex B (normative) Axial Fatigue - Flat specimen (Kt= 1,0) Type 1, 2, 3 Type 4 Figure B.1 Types 1 to 4 (Kt= 1,0

42、) Table B.1 Dimensions Dimensions in millimetres Reference cross section mm2Type R Tolerance on R L b w A Type 1 100 1 130 24 10 Type 2 100 1 300 40 16 Type 3 50 1 200 80 50 w a Type 4 97 1 169 25,4 12,7 40 General tolerances = js12Form tolerances = IT9 prEN 6072:200815 Annex C (normative) Axial Fat

43、igue - Flat specimen - “T-Type“ and mini “T-Type“ specimen (Kt= 2,3) See Figures C.1 and C.2 and Tables C.1 and C.2. b0,1 M M L1L / 2 0,50,010 , 0 5 / / W-WRa 1,6P 45Ia11Markingarea Markingarea IRa 0,8 Ra 1,6W-W Key 1 Calibrated section Figure C.1 “T-Type“ and “Mini T-Type“ (Kt= 2,3) M: area for cla

44、mping Table C.1 Dimensions Dimensions in millimetres Specimen L b M T-type 150 30 10 25-35 Mini T-type 100 20 6,35 15-25 prEN 6072:200816 Table C.2 Dimensions Dimensions in millimetres Tolerance bore Thickness a a Others materials bAluminium alloys Depth P Concentricity between bore and chamfer 3 0,

45、050 0,1 0,0400,30 0,05 0,03 1 a 3 0,1 0,0400,15 0,05 0,03 aSpecimens with thicknesses above 3 mm can be used on request. bSpecimen in titanium alloys, steels, nickel alloys see Detail ZFigure C.2 “T-Type“ (Kt= 2,5) Z prEN 6072:200817 Annex D (normative) Bending Fatigue - Flat specimen Key 1 Marking

46、area (on the edge) 4 Break sharp edge (abrasive cloth) 2 Long. direction 5 Break sharp edge (file + abrasive cloth R = 2 0,5) 3 Calibrated section Figure D.1 Flat specimen Table D.1 Thicknesses Aluminium alloys Steel Titanium and titanium alloys a mm 20 10 10 1 2 Dimensions in millimetres34 5 1,6 pr

47、EN 6072:200818 Annex E (normative) Recommendations for machining procedure of specimen E.1 Cylindrical specimens E.1.1 Location According to sampling drawing. E.1.2 Cutting Abundant lubrication should be used to ensure that heating is limited during cutting. E.1.3 Identification of the blank specime

48、ns Individual marking of identification with electric scriber. E.1.4 Turning E.1.4.1 Main methods to be used for machining See Table E.1. Table E.1 Main methods to be used for machining Groove Cylindrical part Thread Rough machining Finishing Aluminium and aluminium alloys Turning Turning Turning Tu

49、rning Titanium and titanium alloys Turning Turning Turning Turning Steels Turning Turning Turning Grinding Nickel the cutting fluid must be suitable for the machined material. Rough machining of outside diameter: depth of pass 2,5 mm on radius. prEN 6072:200819 E.1.4.3 Finishing of calibrated section See Table E.2. Machining of calibrated section with a good surface finish. Abundant lubrication. Sharpening of tool e