ASCE 55-10-2010 Tensile Membrane Structures《张力膜结构》.pdf

1、ASCE STANDARDASCE/SEI5510This document uses both the International System of Units (SI) and customary unitsTensile Membrane StructuresA S C E STA NDA RD ASCE/SEI 55-10American Society of Civil EngineersTensile Membrane StructuresThis document uses both the International System of Units (SI) and cust

2、omary units.Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication DataTensile membrane structures.p. cm. (ASCE standard)“ASCE/SEI55-10.”Includes bibliographical references and index.ISBN 978-0-7844-1097-4 (alk. paper)1. Tensile architectureStandardsUnited States. 2. Lightweight constructionStandardsUnited S

3、tates. 3. Roofs, FabricStandardsUnited States. 4. Synthetic fabricsStandardsUnited States. 5. Structural framesStandardsUnited States. I. American Society of Civil Engineers.TA663.T45 2010624.1dc222010029294Published by American Society of Civil Engineers1801 Alexander Bell DriveReston, Virginia 201

4、91www.pubs.asce.orgThis standard was developed by a consensus standards development process which has been accredited by the American National Stan-dards Institute (ANSI). Accreditation by ANSI, a voluntary accredita-tion body representing public and private sector standards development organization

5、s in the U.S. and abroad, signifi es that the standards devel-opment process used by ASCE has met the ANSI requirements for openness, balance, consensus, and due process.While ASCEs process is designed to promote standards that refl ect a fair and reasoned consensus among all interested participants

6、, while preserving the public health, safety, and welfare that is paramount to its mission, it has not made an independent assessment of and does not warrant the accuracy, completeness, suitability, or utility of any information, apparatus, product, or process discussed herein. ASCE does not intend,

7、 nor should anyone interpret, ASCEs standards to replace the sound judgment of a competent professional, having knowledge and experience in the appropriate fi eld(s) of practice, nor to substitute for the standard of care required of such professionals in interpreting and applying the contents of th

8、is standard.ASCE has no authority to enforce compliance with its standards and does not undertake to certify products for compliance or to render any professional services to any person or entity.ASCE disclaims any and all liability for any personal injury, property damage, fi nancial loss or other

9、damages of any nature whatsoever, including without limitation any direct, indirect, special, exemplary, or consequential damages, resulting from any persons use of, or reli-ance on, this standard. Any individual who relies on this standard assumes full responsibility for such use.ASCE and American

10、Society of Civil EngineersRegistered in U.S. Patent and Trademark Offi ce.Photocopies and reprints. You can obtain instant permission to photo-copy ASCE publications by using ASCEs online permission service (http:/pubs.asce.org/permissions/requests/). Requests for 100 copies or more should be submit

11、ted to the Reprints Department, Publications Division, ASCE (address above); e-mail: permissionsasce.org. A reprint order form can be found at http:/pubs.asce.org/support/reprints/.Copyright 2010 by the American Society of Civil Engineers.All Rights Reserved.ISBN 978-0-7844-1097-4Manufactured in the

12、 United States of America.18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 1 2 3 4 5iiiSTANDARDSIn 2003, the Board of Direction approved the revision to the ASCE Rules for Standards Committees to govern the writing and maintenance of standards developed by the Society. All such standards are developed by a consensus stan

13、dards process managed by the Societys Codes and Standards Committee (CSC). The consensus process includes balloting by a balanced standards committee made up of Society members and nonmembers, balloting by the member-ship of the Society as a whole, and balloting by the public. All standards are upda

14、ted or reaffi rmed by the same process at intervals not exceeding fi ve years.The following standards have been issued:ANSI/ASCE 1-82 N-725 Guideline for Design and Analysis of Nuclear Safety Related Earth StructuresASCE/EWRI 2-06 Measurement of Oxygen Transfer in Clean WaterANSI/ASCE 3-91 Standard

15、for the Structural Design of Composite Slabs and ANSI/ASCE 9-91 Stan-dard Practice for the Construction and Inspection of Composite SlabsASCE 4-98 Seismic Analysis of Safety-Related Nuclear StructuresBuilding Code Requirements for Masonry Structures (ACI 530-02/ASCE 5-02/TMS 402-02) and Spec-ifi cat

16、ions for Masonry Structures (ACI 530.1-02/ASCE 6-02/TMS 602-02)ASCE/SEI 7-10 Minimum Design Loads for Build-ings and Other StructuresSEI/ASCE 8-02 Standard Specifi cation for the Design of Cold-Formed Stainless Steel Structural MembersANSI/ASCE 9-91 listed with ASCE 3-91ASCE 10-97 Design of Latticed

17、 Steel Transmission StructuresSEI/ASCE 11-99 Guideline for Structural Condition Assessment of Existing BuildingsASCE/EWRI 12-05 Guideline for the Design of Urban Subsurface DrainageASCE/EWRI 13-05 Standard Guidelines for Installa-tion of Urban Subsurface DrainageASCE/EWRI 14-05 Standard Guidelines f

18、or Opera-tion and Maintenance of Urban Subsurface DrainageASCE 15-98 Standard Practice for Direct Design of Buried Precast Concrete Pipe Using Standard Installations (SIDD)ASCE 16-95 Standard for Load Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) of Engineered Wood ConstructionASCE 17-96 Air-Supported StructuresA

19、SCE 18-96 Standard Guidelines for In-Process Oxygen Transfer TestingASCE 19-96 Structural Applications of Steel Cables for BuildingsASCE 20-96 Standard Guidelines for the Design and Installation of Pile FoundationsANSI/ASCE/T for membranes, it is force per unit length.Support structureArches, beams,

20、 columns, cables, foundations, and other nonmembrane elements.Temporary structureA structure intended to remain in its erected position and location for a period of fewer than 180 days.Tensile membrane structureA membrane struc-ture with a shape that is determined by tension in the membrane and the

21、geometry of the support structure. Typically, the structure consists of fl ex-ible elements (e.g., membrane and cables), non-fl exible elements (e.g., struts, masts, beams, and arches), and the anchorage (e.g., supports and foundations). Tensile membrane structures include Frame-supported structures

22、.Ultimate strengthThe anticipated breaking strength of a member (or failure strength where failure is defi ned as other than breaking) based on material values.Uniaxial stressA stress applied parallel to one axis (usually the warp or fi ll) where no stress is applied in the orthogonal direction.Warp

23、The longitudinal or machine direction of a fabric.WebA belt of reinforcement material.WeftSee Fill.YarnAn assemblage of fi bers.1.3 DESIGN DOCUMENTSDesign drawings and specifi cations shall, as a minimum, showASCE/SEI 55-103a. name and date of issue of code and supplement to which design conforms,b.

24、 all loads used in the design,c. reactions,d. specifi ed strength of fabric and seams for each part of structure,e. type of fabric,f. size and location of all structural elements,g. maximum cable forces,h. magnitude and location of prestress forces,i. the directions of the warp and fi ll,j. type and

25、 location of any mechanical connections,k. for temporary or seasonal structures, designs shall clearly show the intended period of erection and the anticipated environmental conditions, andl. schedule of required maintenance.1.4 FIELD OBSERVATION1.4.1 Qualifi cationsConstruction shall be observed pe

26、riodically throughout the various work stages by the engineer or architect of record or by a representative responsible to that engineer or architect and as required by the authority having jurisdiction.1.4.2 RecordsConstruction records shall, as a minimum, include the following:a. verifi cation tha

27、t the fabric is as specifi ed;b. construction and removal of temporary supports;c. placing of fabric;d. sequence of erection and connection of all members;e. tensioning of prestressing elements;f. any signifi cant construction loadings on the structure;g. documentation of any and all errors, defects

28、, fl aws, or repairs; andh. general progress of work.1.5 ALTERNATE DESIGNSThe provisions of this standard are not intended to limit the appropriate use of materials, systems, equip-ment, methods of design, or construction procedures not specifi cally described in this standard, provided that such al

29、ternate design methods and construction procedures are conducted by persons specially quali-fi ed in the specifi c methods applied and provided that such techniques demonstrate a level of safety and per-formance consistent with the requirements of Chapter 4. Structures and structural components that

30、 are not amenable to analysis using generally accepted theories may be designed bya. evaluation of full-scale structure(s),b. evaluation of a full-scale prototype through tests, orc. studies of model analogues.1.6 REFERENCESThe following standards are referred to in this document:ASCE 7. (2006). Min

31、imum design loads for buildings and other structures, American Society of Civil Engineers, Reston, Va., ASCE/SEI 7-05.ASCE 19. (1997). Structural applications of steel cables for buildings, American Society of Civil Engineers, New York, ASCE 19-96.ASCE 22. (1998). Independent project peer review,Ame

32、rican Society of Civil Engineers, Reston, Va., ASCE 2297.ASTM D2136. (2007). Standard Test Method for Coated Fabrics-Low-Temperature Bend Test,ASTM International, West Conshohocken, Penn.ASTM D2261. (2007). Standard Test Method for Tearing Strength of Fabrics by the Tongue (Single Rip) Procedure (Co

33、nstant-Rate-of-Extension Tensile Testing Machine), ASTM International, West Conshohocken, Penn.ASTM D4851. (2003). Standard test methods for coated and laminated fabrics for architectural use, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, Penn.ASTM D6193. (2009). Standard practice for stitches and seams, A

34、STM International, West Conshohocken, Penn.ASTM E84. (2009). Standard test method for surface burning characteristics of building materials, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, Penn.ASTM E136. (2009). Standard test method for behavior of materials in a vertical tube furnace at 750oC, ASTM Interna

35、tional, West Conshohocken, Penn.NFPA 701. (2010). Standard methods of fi re tests for fl ame propagation of textiles and fi lms, National Fire Protection Association, Quincy, Mass.ICBO (1970). Uniform building code, International Conference of Building Offi cials, Whittier, CA.52MEMBRANE MATERIALSeq

36、ual zones across the width of the fabric. One specimen for each required test shall be taken from each zone.b. Samples from membrane rolls greater than 80 in. (2.0 m) wide shall be divided into four equal zones across the width of the fabric. One specimen for each required test shall be taken from e

37、ach zone.c. When testing fabrics, specimens for the same physical test taken from the different zones across the width of the fabric shall be laid out so that they do not include the same warp or fi ll yarns.2.3.2 ConditionsCoated fi berglass shall be tested in both wet and dry conditions. The wet t

38、ensile test shall be performed with the same size specimen as the dry tensile test. The specimen shall be fully immersed in water, exposing the open edges and face to the potential invasion of water. The specimen shall remain submerged for 24 h. After 24 h, the specimen shall be removed, patted dry,

39、 and tested in the same manner as is done for the dry tensile test. The minimum result, to be indicative of proper coating and suffi cient protection of the yarn bundle, shall be 80% of the value obtained in the dry tensile test.2.3.3 FlexfoldCoated fi berglass shall be tested for fl exfold as descr

40、ibed in ASTM D4851.2.3.4 Biaxial TestingAs a minimum, biaxial testing shall be conducted by the material manufac-turer for the purposes of quality control at the follow-ing times:a. whenever a new manufacturing process is used andb. for each 100,000 ft2(10,000 m2). For membranes with a history of co

41、nsistent test results (coeffi cient of variation of 5% or less), the frequency can be reduced to every 200,000 ft2(20,000 m2).2.3.5 Uniaxial TestingAs a minimum, uniaxial elongation testing, as described in Section 2.4.1, shall be undertaken by the material manufacturer for every 10,000 ft2(900 m2)

42、of membrane used in the fi nished structure with a minimum of one test per roll. For membranes with a history of consistent test results (coeffi cient of variation of 5% or less), the frequency of testing can be reduced to every 50,000 ft2(5,000 m2) with a minimum of one test per roll. The number of

43、 specimens per sample shall be in accor-dance with Section 2.3.1.2.1 GENERAL2.1.1 MembranesMembrane materials used in the tensile membrane shall conform to and shall be tested in conformance with the requirements of this chapter. Other materials (e.g., cables, steel, aluminum, timber, and concrete)

44、shall conform to the requirements of their respective standards.2.1.2 QualityMembrane materials used in struc-tures shall be of uniform quality and shall have prop-erties required for the intended usage. The rolls of materials provided by the material manufacturer shall be marked to indicate any are

45、as with defects that would impair their structural integrity or serviceability.2.2 TESTING QUALIFICATIONSTests shall be performed by qualifi ed testing agencies or by qualifi ed employees of the material manufac-turer or membrane fabricator acceptable to the author-ity having jurisdiction. Manufactu

46、rers and fabricators performing their own testing shall demonstrate con-formance with the standards referenced in this chapter.2.3 PHYSICAL TESTING2.3.1 FrequencyMembranes shall have a published specifi cation that identifi es the minimum test values for the properties identifi ed in Section 2.4.1.

47、Testing frequency for physical properties of membranes shall be based on the surface area of membrane to be present in the fi nished structure. Unless otherwise specifi ed in this chapter, the required tests shall be performed for every 10,000 ft2(900 m2), or fractional part thereof, of membrane in

48、the fi nished structure. For membranes with a history of consistent test results (coeffi cient of variation of 5% or less), the fre-quency of testing can be reduced to every 50,000 ft2(5,000 m2). Except as limited by sample size of the specifi c test, the number of specimens per sample shall depend

49、on the membrane roll width:a. Samples from membrane rolls less than or equal to 80 in. (2.0 m) wide shall be divided into three TENSILE MEMBRANE STRUCTURES62.3.6 FrequencyThe frequency of testing may be increased as required by the architect or engineer of record. Such additional testing shall be clearly defi ned in the contract documents.2.4 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES2.4.1 GeneralMembrane physical properties shall be determined in accordance with ASTM D4851, except as modifi ed herein. As a minimum require-ment, testing as prescribed in Section 2.3 shal